Trans-linalool Oxide Research Articles

Extraction of the soluble material from the shells of the bacuri fruit ( Platonia insignis Mart) with pressurized CO 2 and other solvents

The extraction of soluble material from bacuri shells has been studied. The effects of pressure, temperature, particle size, static period and flow time were investigated for extraction with liquid carbon dioxide (LCO 2). The yield and the composition of the extracts obtained with LCO 2 were compared with those for extracts obtained with other techniques, such as LCO 2 plus ethanol (LCO 2-EtOH), supercritical CO 2 (SCO 2), steam distillation (SD), cold ethanol (C-EtOH), and Soxhlet extraction with ethanol (EtOH-So). The LCO 2 and LCO 2-EtOH extractions were performed at pressures of 63–70 bar, and temperatures of 16–21°C. The constituents isolated from the bacuri shell extracts were predominantly free fatty acids: palmitic, oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, and stearic acids. In addition to these fatty acids, the LCO 2-EtOH extracts contained caprylic and myristic acids, alcohols (linalool and 3,7-dimethyl oct-1-en-3,7-diol), and the phenol ether eugenol. The SCO 2 extraction was performed at 200 bar and 50°C. The SCO 2 extract had a composition similar to the LCO 2 extract, but the α-linolenic acid was not present, although hydrocarbons such as β-bisabolene, and alcohols such as 3,7-dimethyl-1-octen-3,7-diol, linalool, and α-terpineol were identified. In the extract obtained by SD, only hydrocarbons (methyl benzene and 2-methyl heptane), alcohols (linalool and α-terpineol), and oxides ( cis-linalool oxide and trans-linalool oxide) were identified. In the C-EtOH and EtOH-So extracts only trimethyl citrate was identified.

Effect of habitat and age on variations in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from Quercus ilex and Pinus pinea

A dynamic branch enclosure was used to measure emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under field conditions from two common native Mediterranean species, Quercus ilex and Pinus pinea. In addition to α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, limonene and cineole, a suite of lesser known compounds were tentatively identified including cis- and trans-ocimene, cis- and trans-linalool oxide and sabinaketone. Emissions of isoprene from Quercus ilex were insignificant in comparison to those of the monoterpenes and were not detected from Pinus pinea. Variability in emission rates between two habitats, the forest and the dunes, were assessed for Quercus ilex. Temperature sensitivities of emissions and total summed emission rates from Quercus ilex were clearly related to environmental conditions. Emission rates from Pinus pinea showed great variability, but differences between normalised mean emission rates from mature forest and young plantation trees may be significant. Existing emission rate models were found to inadequately describe the observed data.

Volatiles of Ripe Flowering Quince (Chaenomeles speciosaNakai)

ABSTRACT The volatile components isolated from Flowering Quince fruit were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Nineteen compounds were identified of which hexanal, ethyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, linalool, trans-linalool oxide (furanoid), cis-linalool oxide (furanoid), α-terpineol, ethyl octanoate, Edulan I, ethyl (Z)-4-decenoate and ethyl p-methoxybenzoate were the major constituents.

AUTHOR'S REPLY

An undesirable sensory attribute (“floral taint”) has been detected in red wines in North America, caused by leaves and petioles (materials other than grapes [MOG]) introduced during mechanical harvest after killing frosts. From 2017 to 2019, several harvest strategies were evaluated on Ontario Cabernet franc: hand harvest (HH), conventional machine harvesting (MECH), Braud-New Holland Opti (OPTI), Gregoire GL8, MECH + optical sorting (MECH+OS), and MECH with preharvest leaf removal (MECH+BLR). Concentrations of 41 odor-active compounds were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Harvest treatment effects varied by season. In 2017, HH resulted in lowest ethyl isobutyrate (MECH+BLR), ethyl nonoate, cis-linalool oxide (plus MECH and OPTI), trans-linalool oxide (plus MECH+OS), β-citral, and cis- and trans-rose oxide (plus MECH and OPTI). Ethyl hexanoate was lowest in MECH, and MECH+BLR, isoamyl hexanoate was lowest in all treatments except HH, and α-ionone was lowest in MECH and MECH+BLR. In 2018, HH resulted in the lowest β-damascenone, ethyl salicylate (plus OPTI and Gregoire), citronellol (plus Gregoire), cis- and trans-rose oxide (plus Gregoire), and eugenol (plus Gregoire). Isobutyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, and nerol were additionally reduced by Gregoire, and isopropylmethoxypyrazine was reduced by all treatments except HH. In 2019, harvest strategy affected 27 of 41 compounds, including 11 esters and 12 terpenes. Treatments leading to lowest concentrations were HH (nine compounds), MECH (eight compounds), MECH+BLR (10 compounds), OPTI (21 compounds), Gregoire (10 compounds), and MECH+OS (22 compounds). Wines from fruit that had undergone a killing frost contained different concentrations of 14 and eight compounds (2018), and 17 and 13 compounds (2019) for Cabernet franc and Cabernet Sauvignon, respectively. Results suggest that specific harvest technologies can reduce MOG and associated increases in aroma compounds, although seasonal differences may occur.

Volatile Fragrance Compounds from the Fungus Gloeophyllum odoratum (Basidiomycotina)

The accumulation of volatile metabolites in liquid cultures of the basidiomycete Gloeophyllum odoratum CBS 444.61 was studied after cultivation on defined synthetic liquid culture medium containing glucose (2%), asparagine (0.15%), and mineral salts. The composition of the steam volatile compounds differed distinctly from that obtained with another, previously investigated strain of this species. Two major constituents, the bicyclic sesquiterpene alcohol drimenol and a linalool derivative, 3,7-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-6-octenic acid methyl ester, could be identified by mass spectral data and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Besides several monoterpene alcohols, other minor constituents were trans-linalool oxide and 1-octen-3-ol. 3,7-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-6-octenic acid methyl ester is described for the first time as a natural product.

The neutral volatile components of cider apple juices

Examination of the volatile compounds from juices of four cultivars of cider apple (‘Bramley's Seedling’, ‘Sweet Coppin’, ‘Kingston Black’ and ‘Yarlington Mill’) has led to the definite identification of eighteen alcohols, forty-eight esters, five carbonyls, eight acetals, four ethers, one lactone, one hydrocarbon and three halogenated compounds, tentative evidence being presented for a further 51 components. Fifty-five of the reported compounds have not previously been found in whole apples or juices. Of these cis and trans linalool oxide and the presence of 5-hexen-1-ol, rather than 2-hexen-1-ol, in the juice of the cultivar ‘Kingston Black’, are of particular interest. Differences between cultivars were largely quantitative and due to variations in the amounts of components with boiling points in excess of that of hexanol.

オニマツヨイグサ（?EＯｅｎｏｔｈｅｒａ ｇｒａｎｄｉｆｌｏｒａ?F）およびオオマツヨイグサ（?EＯｅｎｏｔｈｅｒａ ｅｒｙｔｈｒｏｓｅｐａｌａ?F）の精油成分

The constituents of the essential oils of Oenothera grandiflora L'HÉR. ex AIT. and O.erythrosepala BORBAS have been studied. The essential oils were obtained by steam distillation of the herb parts. Each essential oil as separated into individual components by a combination of chemical method and elution chromatography or preparative gas chromatography. These components were identified from their infrared spectrum, mass spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. As a result, seventy-nine compounds were identified as the constituents of these oils: α pinene, camphene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, limonene, iso-amyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, n-hexanol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, n-nonyl aldehyde, 1-octen-3-ol, n-heptanol, trans-linalool oxide, furfural, cis-linalool oxide, benzaldehyde, furfuryl acetate, linalool, n-octanol, linalyl acetate, furfuryl alcohol, β-caryophyllene, α-terpineol, benzyl acetate, α-terpinyl acetate, γ-muurollene, benzyl alcohol, δ-cadinene, γ-cadinene, calamenene, β-phenyl ethyl alcohol, n-C10_??_C38 aliphatic hydrocarbons, n-C4_??_C18 aliphatic fatty acids, 2-furan carboxylic acid, benzoic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, phenol, o-cresol, p-cresol, thymol, eugenol. The major component of each essential oil was furan derivative.

Minor Constituents of Japanese Ho-Leaf Oil

The main component of Japanese Ho-leaf oil has been shown to be (‒)-linalool (80~90%), and the following twenty minor constituents newly have been identified; methyl vinyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, mesityl oxide, β-pinene, myrcene, (+)-limonene, cis- and trans-ocimene, n-hexanol, cis-3-hexenol, cis- and trans-linalool oxide, (‒)-1-terpinen-4-ol, (+)-cis and (+)-trans-2,6,6-trimethyl-2-vinyl-5-hydroxytetrahydropyran, citronellol, nerol, (+)-β-selinene, (+)-tagetonol and (‒)-trans-hotrienol. (+)-Tagetonol and (‒)-trans-hotrienol have been demonstrated to be (+)-3,7-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-1-octen-5-one (III) and (3R)-(‒)-trans-3,7-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-1,5,7-octatriene (IX), respectively.

Minor Constituents of Japanese Ho-Leaf Oil

The main component of Japanese Ho-leaf oil has been shown to be (-)-linalool (80_??_90%), and the following twenty minor constituents newly have been identified; methyl vinyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, mesityl oxide, β-pinene, myrcene, (+)-limonene, cis- and trans-ocimene, n-hexanol, cis-3-hexenol, cis- and trans-linalool oxide, (-)-l-terpinen-4-ol, (+)-cis. and (+)-trans-2, 6, 6-trimethyl-2-vinyl-5-hydroxytetrahydropyran, citronellol, nerol, (+)-β-selinene, (+)-tagetonol and (-)-trans-hotrienol. (+)-Tagetonol and (-)-trans-hotrienol have been demonstrated to be (+)-3, 7-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-l-octen-5-one (III) and (3R)-(-)-trans-3, 7-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-1, 5, 7-octatriene (IX), respectively.

ESSENTIAL OILS AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS: XXIX. THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF MARIHUANA: COMPOSITION OF GENUINE INDIAN CANNABIS SATIVA L.

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of freshly harvested Indian Cannabis sativa L. was found to contain the following constituents that have not previously been reported: α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, linalool, trans-linalool oxide, sabinene hydrate, α-bergamotene, terpinene-4-ol, β-farnesene, α-terpineol, α-selinene, curcumene, and caryophyllene oxide. The presence of trace amounts of two alcohols and of an α,β-unsaturated ketone, for which gas chromatographic and spectral characteristics are recorded, was also detected.