Trans-chrysanthenyl Acetate Research Articles

Silver nanoparticles: Elicitor of anticancer metabolite biosynthesis and growth-metabolites parameters in Tanacetum parthenium L.

Nanoparticles in appropriate dose can used as an eco-friendly abiotic elicitor to induce specific and novel secondary metabolites with high performance. The present study was conducted to investigate the silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) at 0, 200, 400, and 600 ppm on morpho-physiological, yield, and phytochemical parameters of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.). The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by using GC-FID and GC/MS. The HPLC was used to quantifying the parthenolide content. The results showed that the effect of Ag-NPs application on studied traits were in dose depended manner. The Ag-NPs treatment at 200 ppm increased the fresh weight, biological yield, dry weight, and flower yield up to 29.12 %, 31.61 %, 28.71 %, and 44.93 % respectively. However, the growth of treated plants with higher concentrations of Ag-NPs (400 and 600 ppm) was decreased compared with untreated plants. All Ag-NPs treatments caused a significant increment of the chlorophyll index, parthenolide content (as a valuable anticancer compound) and essential oil content. The highest content of chlorophyll index (49.90), parthenolide content (0.96 mg g−1 DW) and essential oil content (0.84 %) was measured in spayed plants with 600 ppm Ag-NPs. Also, the Ag-NPs application considerably affected the essential oil quality. With increasing the Ag-NPs concentration the oxygenated monoterpenes represented by camphor and trans-chrysanthenyl acetate were increased so that the highest content of camphor (45.13 %) and trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (32.04 %) was obtained at 600 ppm. Generally, it can be concluded that Ag-NPs could act as an elicitor to induce the more production of favorable secondary metabolites.

A Comparison between Bulgarian Tanacetum parthenium Essential Oil from Two Different Locations.

Tanacetum parthenium L. (Asteraceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant with a long-standing historical use in traditional medicine. Recently Tanacetum parthenium L. essential oil has been associated with a promising potential for future applications in the pharmaceutical industry, in the cosmetics industry, and in agriculture. Investigations on the essential oil (EO) have indicated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and repellent activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of Bulgarian T. parthenium essential oil from two different regions, to compare the results to those reported previously in the literature, and to point out some of its future applications. The essential oils of the air-dried flowering aerial parts were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition was evaluated using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was established that the oxygenated monoterpenes were the predominant terpene class, followed by the monoterpene hydrocarbons. Significant qualitative and quantitative differences between both samples were revealed. Camphor (50.90%), camphene (16.12%), and bornyl acetate (6.05%) were the major constituents in the feverfew EO from the western Rhodope Mountains, while in the EO from the central Balkan mountains camphor (45.54%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (13.87%), and camphene (13.03%) were the most abundant components.

The chemical composition of the aerial parts essential oil of Stachys ocymastrum L. Briq. (Lamiaceae) growing in Sicily (Italy)

The genus Stachys L. (Lamiaceae) comprises more than 300 species as annual or perennial herbs or small shrubs, spread in temperate regions of Mediterranean, Asia, America, and Southern Africa. Several species have been used in the traditional medicine to treat stress, skin inflammations, gastrointestinal disorders, asthma, and genital tumours. In the present study the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Stachys ocymastrum L. Briq., belonging to section Olisia, endemic of the Western Mediterranean and Greece and collected in Sicily, was analysed by GC-MS. No one report has been previously published on any European accession of this species. The result showed the presence of large quantity of the diterpenoid phytol (23.80%). Other metabolites present in high quantity were β-caryophyllene (17.95%), geranyl-α-terpinene (13.26%) and trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (9.85%). Chemical considerations with respect all the other oils of Stachys taxa, belonging to section Olisia studied so far, were carried out.

Phytotoxicity of Rich Oxygenated Terpenes Essential Oil of Prosopis farcta against the Weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium

Weeds are considered the main reason for crop yield loss in the world. Weed control and management include various treatments such as cultural, physical, chemical, and biological methods. Chemical control of weeds is the most common method; however, the application of commercial synthetic herbicides caused several dangerous hazards in the environment including the appearance of resistant weed biotypes. Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J.F.Macbr. (Family: Fabaceae), is a common weed plant in the Middle East, where it is hard to eliminate due to its deep and overlapped roots. On the other side, it has many traditional uses around the world. Herein, the essential oil (EO) of P. farcta above-ground parts was extracted via hydrodistillation techniques and then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). From the GC-MS analysis, 47 compounds were identified with a relative concentration of 98.02%, including terpenes as the main components (95.08%). From overall identified compounds, cubenol (19.07%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (17.69%), torreyol (8.28%), davana ether (3.50%), camphor (3.35%), and farnesyl acetone (3.13%) represented the abundant constituents. Furthermore, the phytotoxic activity of the P. farcta EO was assessed against the weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. The EO of P. farcta, at a concentration of 100 µL L−1, significantly inhibited the germination, seedling shoot growth, and seedling root growth by 64.1, 64.0, and 73.4%, respectively. The results exhibited that the seedling root growth is the most affected followed by the seed germination and seedling shoot growth with respective IC50 at 64.5, 80.5, and 92.9 µL L−1. It can be concluded that weeds are not absolutely harmful, but they may have beneficial uses, such as, for example as a source of phytochemicals with application in weed control practices (bioherbicides). It is advised to conduct additional research to characterize the allelopathic action of the major chemicals in their pure form, either alone or in combination, against a variety of weeds.

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil from Centipeda minima.

This study elucidated the chemical composition of essential oil from Centipeda minima (EOCM) and its antibacterial and antioxidant activities with two chemical monomers thymol and carvacrol. The main chemical composition of EOCM, analyzed by GC-MS, were trans-chrysanthenyl acetate, thymol, aromadendrene and β-caryophyllene. In the screening of antibacterial activity against S. aureus, two monomers with antibacterial activity were obtained: thymol and carvacrol. The MIC of EOCM, thymol and carvacrol were 0.625 mg/mL, 0.156 mg/mL and 0.156 mg/mL, respectively. The experimental results were shown that three drugs could inhibit the growth of S. aureus and inhibit the formation of biofilm by changing the permeability of cell membrane and interfering with the metabolic activities in bacteria. The scavenging effects of the three drugs on DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical showed that the antioxidant effect of the three drugs was EOCM > carvacrol > thymol.

Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.)—A Wild-Growing Aromatic Medicinal Plant with a Variable Essential Oil Composition

Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) is an aromatic medicinal plant whose use is limited by the presence of toxic thujone. This research aimed to evaluate the morphological and chemical properties of tansy plants growing in various natural habitats. The research determined the content and chemical composition of the essential oil, the contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids, and the antioxidant activity levels of methanol extracts from tansy inflorescences. The highest amount of essential oil (1.05 mL·kg−1) was found in the raw material collected from the reclaimed area (R). Forty-seven compounds were identified in tansy oil, among which camphor (31.21–1.27%) and trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (76.09–0.09%) dominated, while the concentration of trans-thujone was low (2.67% on average). The highest amounts of flavonoids (0.52%) were found in the raw material collected from the ruderal (W) and reclaimed (R) sites, while the highest amount of phenolic acids (2.42%) was found in the raw material from the ruderal site (W). Tansy inflorescence extracts showed high antioxidant potential (88.41%). The reasons for the variability of the chemical composition of tansy were environmental and genetic variability factors.

Comparative study of the chemical composition, antibacterial activity and synergic effects of the essential oils of Croton tetradenius baill. And C. pulegiodorus baill. Against Staphylococcus aureus isolates

The aim of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Croton tetradenius Baill. (CTEO) and C. pulegiodorus Baill. (CPEO) essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus, and their synergism with antibiotics. The essential oils (EOs) were extracted by hydrodistillation and chemically characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (CG-FID). The antimicrobial action of the EOs was tested against two standard strains and four clinical isolates of S. aureus using the disk-diffusion agar method and the microdilution assay. The bacterial kinetic growth was also determined. The synergistic effect between EOs and antimicrobials was analyzed by the checkerboard test. CTEO and CPEO yielded 0.47 and 0.37% w/w and the most common components were p-cymene (28.24%), camphor (17.76%) and α-phellandrene (8.98%), and trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (27.05%), α-terpinene (19.21%) and p-cymene (12.27%), respectively. The disk-diffusion test showed that the bacteria are sensitive to the agents tested. The MIC in the presence of the CTEO it was 4000 μg/mL, while for the CPEO it was 8000 μg/mL, except for clinical isolate 4B. The MBC for strains treated with CTEO were 8000 μg/mL, with the exception of isolates 8B and 0 A 4000 μg/mL. For the CPEO, all strains showed a concentration above 8000 μg/mL. The growth curve showed that CTEO and CPEO altered growth kinetics, delaying the lag phase and reducing the log phase. In combination with antibiotics, both essential oils showed synergisms effect with oxacillin and ampicillin, and additive effect with benzylpenicillin. CTEO and CPEO showed antibacterial action against S. aureus strains, showing as a promise natural alternative in clinical therapy.

In vitro ovicidal activity of two chemotypes of the yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) essential oil against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes

Abstract The economic losses caused by gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants are increasing today due to the development of anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, researchers from different parts of the world are searching for new, alternative strategies to control these parasites. As a valuable natural resource, medicinal plants and their products have emerged as a viable option. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro ovicidal activity of two chemotypes of the yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) essential oil against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. For this purpose, nematode eggs were collected from naturally infected sheep of two farms located in Southern Italy to perform the egg hatch test. In both farms, the coproculture examination identified the presence of four genera of sheep GINs: Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia and Chabertia. Main components of the yarrow essential oil identified by GC-MS analysis were 1,8-cineole (41.69%), camphor (8.37%) and trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (4.90) for the type 1 and β-pinene (28.53%), β-caryophyllene (18.71%) and 1,8-cineole (11.69%) for the type 2. In vitro ovicidal activity was evaluated at six different concentrations (50, 12.5, 3.125, 0.781, 0.195 and 0.049 mg/mL), whereby the inhibitory effect of the essential oil (Achillea millefolium L.) on egg hatchability varied from 46.5-99.5% (type 1) and 69.6-97.25% (type 2) and all concentrations tested showed a significantly higher efficacy compared to the negative control (p<0.0001). Furthermore, the inhibitory effect on egg hatching was similar (p>0.05) to the positive control (98.0%) at concentrations of 50 mg/mL (99.5%), 12.5 mg/mL (98.0%) and 3.125 (95.25%) of the type 1, and at concentrations of 50 mg/mL (97.25%) and 12.5 mg/mL (90.0%) of the type 2. The obtained results suggested that the A. millefolium essential oil has high anthelmintic potential, especially azulene-free chemotype rich in 1,8-cineole and camphor, which requires confirmation in further in vivo studies.

PROSPECTS OF STUDYING OF VOLATILE OILS OF TANACETUM PARTHENIUM (L.) SCHULTZ BIP. FOR ISSUES IN CHEMOSYSTEMATICS OF TANACETUM GENUS

The search for new sources of biologically active substances is an actual issue of pharmaceutical science. Feverfew is a prospective member of the Tanacetum genus. Recently an interest to this plant has grown. Sesquiterpene lactones and phenolic compounds are known to be cause its anti-inflammatory and antimigraine activity. The study of volatile compounds and chemosystematics of the feverfew in this group of BAS has not been conducted before. The aim of the research was to obtain the volatile oil from the feverfew herb, studying of the component composition, an identification of compounds, that can be used for chemosystematics of the genus and establishing of the pharmacological activity according to the chemical content of volatile oil. Materials and methods. The object of research was the samples of the feverfew herb grown and collected in the period of its mass flowering. The volatile oil obtained by steam distillation from the feverfew herb was studied using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results. The comparative characteristic of the representatives of the genus Tanacetum according to chemosystematic features was carried out. As a result of the research of the volatile oil 44 compounds were found, from which 40 were identified. According to the research, the raw material contained 34.71 % of camphor, this is a typical feature of all species of the genus Tanacetum. Fenchyl acetate was identified in a high enough content – 7,44 % in the domestic raw material, but this compound was not identified in the foreign samples. Chrysanthenyl acetate is accumulated in representatives of the genus Tanacetum in the form of a cis or trans isomer. In our study, the content of trans-chrysanthene acetate was 23.30 %. In the domestic raw materials, monoterpenes – α- and β- thujone – were not identified, which are associated with the toxicity of the raw material. Conclusions. In the volatile oil 44 compounds were found, from which 40 were identified. Monoterpenes prevailed among terpenes, namely camphor, trans-chrysanthenyl acetate and fenchyl acetate, which are typical and can be used for chemosystematic issues of the genus Tanacetum. The identified compounds require anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, analgesic activities of the volatile oil, therefore creation of the medicinal herbal remedy based on the volatile oil of the feverfew herb is prospective.

Essential Oil of Calotropis procera: Comparative Chemical Profiles, Antimicrobial Activity, and Allelopathic Potential on Weeds.

Plants are considered green resources for thousands of bioactive compounds. Essential oils (EOs) are an important class of secondary compounds with various biological activities, including allelopathic and antimicrobial activities. Herein, the present study aimed to compare the chemical profiles of the EOs of the widely distributed medicinal plant Calotropis procera collected from Saudi Arabia and Egypt. In addition, this study also aimed to assess their allelopathic and antimicrobial activities. The EOs from Egyptian and Saudi ecospecies were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed via GC-MS. The correlation between the analyzed EOs and those published from Egypt, India, and Nigeria was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The allelopathic activity of the extracted EOs was tested against two weeds (Bidens pilosa and Dactyloctenium aegyptium). Moreover, the EOs were tested for antimicrobial activity against seven bacterial and two fungal strains. Ninety compounds were identified from both ecospecies, where 76 compounds were recorded in Saudi ecospecies and 33 in the Egyptian one. Terpenes were recorded as the main components along with hydrocarbons, aromatics, and carotenoids. The sesquiterpenes (54.07%) were the most abundant component of EO of the Saudi sample, while the diterpenes (44.82%) represented the mains of the Egyptian one. Hinesol (13.50%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (12.33%), 1,4-trans-1,7-cis-acorenone (7.62%), phytol (8.73%), and myristicin (6.13%) were found as the major constituents of EO of the Saudi sample, while phytol (38.02%), n-docosane (6.86%), linoleic acid (6.36%), n-pentacosane (6.31%), and bicyclogermacrene (4.37%) represented the main compounds of the Egyptian one. It was evident that the EOs of both ecospecies had potent phytotoxic activity against the two tested weeds, while the EO of the Egyptian ecospecies was more effective, particularly on the weed D. aegyptium. Moreover, the EOs showed substantial antibacterial and antifungal activities. The present study revealed that the EOs of Egyptian and Saudi ecospecies were different in quality and quantity, which could be attributed to the variant environmental and climatic conditions. The EOs of both ecospecies showed significant allelopathic and antimicrobial activity; therefore, these EOs could be considered as potential green eco-friendly resources for weed and microbe control, considering that this plant is widely grown in arid habitats.

Essential Oil Enriched with Oxygenated Constituents from Invasive Plant Argemone ochroleuca Exhibited Potent Phytotoxic Effects.

Invasive species are considered as one of the major threats to ecosystems worldwide. Although invasive plants are regarded as a foe, they could be considered as natural resources for valuable bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) from the invasive plant Argemone ochroleuca Sweet, collected from Saudi Arabia, as well as to evaluate its phytotoxic activity. Seventy-four compounds were characterized via GC-MS analysis of EO representing 98.75% of the overall mass. The oxygenated constituents (79.01%) were found as the main constituents, including mono- (43.27%), sesqui- (17.67%), and di-terpenes (0.53%), as well as hydrocarbons (16.81%) and carotenoids (0.73%). Additionally, 19.69% from the overall mass was characterized as non-oxygenated compounds with mono- (1.77%), sesquiterpenes (17.41%), and hydrocarbons (0.56%) as minors. From all identified constituents, trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (25.71%), γ-cadinene (11.70%), oleic acid, methyl ester (7.37%), terpinene-4-ol (4.77%), dihydromyrcenol (2.90%), α-muurolene (1.77%), and γ-himachalene (1.56%) were found as abundant. The EO of A. ochroleuca showed significant phytotoxic activity against the test plant Lactuca sativa and the noxious weed Peganum harmala. The EO attained IC50 values of 92.1, 128.6, and 131.6 µL L−1 for seedling root growth, germination, and shoot growth of L. sativa, respectively, while it had IC50 values of 134.8, 145.7, and 147.9 µL L−1, respectively, for P. harmala. Therefore, this EO could be used as a bioherbicide against weeds, while further study is recommended for the characterization of the authentic materials of the main compounds in the EO as well as for the evaluation of potency of this oil on a field scale and the determination of its biosafety.

Comparative study on the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils of three Lagochilus species collected from Uzbekistan

Lagochilus species are mainly distributed in Central Asia and widely used in folk medicine as a sedative and haemostatic. The present investigation reports on the extraction by hydrodistillation and the chemical composition of three Lagochilus species (L. gypsaceus, L. inebrians and L. setulosus) essential oils from Uzbekistan. The chemical composition of these essential oils was determined by GC-MS. The results showed that the studied essential oils are made up mainly of linalool (11.97%), β-ionone (11.75%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (7.15%), α-terpineol (7.40%) for L. gypsaceus; trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (9.40%), eugenol (7.01%), trans-verbenol (3.85%), bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one (3.76%), pinocarvone (3.43%) for L. inebrians; and finally 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol (19.78%), bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-4-ol (5.43%), hexadecanoic acid (5.39%), limonene (5.19%), 2-hexenal (5.03%) for L. setulosus. The best antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was observed for the essential oil of L. inebrians. However, L. setulosus essential oil exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against amylase.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Four Tanacetum Species from the Alpine Regions in Iran

Essential oils from the inflorescences of Tanacetum kotschyi and T. persicum, aerial parts of T. chiliophyllum and T. polycephalum collected from the alpine area of Zagros Mountains (2700-3000 m) in Southwest Iran were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Essential oil yields of four Tanacetum species ranged from 0.25 to 0.55 ml/100 g dry material. Results of the analysis indicated chemical differences among the four Tanacetum species. The main constituents of the essential oils were linalool, camphor, trans-chrysanthenyl acetate, carvacrol, cis-chrysanthenol, and thymol for T. chiliophyllum; α-bisabolol, camphor, carvacrol, and 1,8-cineole for T. kotschyi; borneol, and bornyl acetate for T. persicum; 1,8-cineole, borneol, bornyl acetate, and camphor for T. polycephalum. The essential oils of the four studied Tanacetum species sourced in the alpine region of southwestern Iran were rich in oxygenated monoterpenes, which are widely used in food and drug industries.

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticholinesterase Activities of Ferulago pauciradiata Boiss. & Heldr. Growing in Turkey

Ferulago species have been utilised since ancient times as antihelmentic, peptic, sedative and aphrodisiac, and as the seasoning in view of their special odors. The study reports the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticholinesterase activities of essential oil of fruit, extracts, fractions from roots and aerial parts and isolated compounds from dichloromethane fraction of root [prantschimgin (1), felamidin (2)] from F. pauciradiata. GC and GC/MS were used for analysis of essential oil. Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of specimens were performed via Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol indicator, DPPH and TBA methods. Anticholinesterase activity was carried out via Ellman’s method. They were also assessed for antimicrobial activity by macrobroth-dilution and microbroth-dilution procedures. Trans-chrysanthenyl acetate, α-pinene, 2,3,6-trimethyl benzaldehyde, sabinene and myrcene were gained as primary components of essential oil. Highest total phenolic content was found in EtOAc fraction of root. Highest DPPH activity was observed in essential oil and EtOAc fraction of root (4.59, 6.56 μg/mL, respectively). Among the samples essential oil showed best activity against all microorganism with between 0.097 - 12.5 μg/mL MIC values. Essential oil demonstrated strong inhibition against AChE and BuChE (IC50 = 7.987, 0.567 μl/ml, respectively). It displayed inhibitory activities on AChE and BuChE, moreover considerable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Chemical Composition of Cleome amblyocarpa Barr. & Murb. Essential Oils Under Different Irrigation Levels in Sandy Soils with Antioxidant Activity

The essential oil of the whole plant of Cleome amblyocarpa growing in sandy soils of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) open field pot plant experiment was extracted by hydrodistillation. The influences of three soil matric potentials were created (pF levels: 1.7, 1.9, 2.1) by applying three irrigation schedules and measured by Stevens pF Sensors. The oil yield ranged from 0.00715% (at pF level: 1.9) to 0.02669% (at pF level: 2.1). The qualitative analysis of the extracted essential oils was conducted for the first time by a combination of gas chromatograph (GC) and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Forty six (46) volatiles have been identified, showing a significant change in the chemical profile of the extracted essential oils under different pF levels. At 1.7 pF level, 27 volatile components were identified and the oil contained isobornyl formate (43.9%), tetrahydro-linalool acetate (7.45%), neo-menthyl acetate (5.8%), 1-dodecene (4.82%), and γ-elemene (4.8%). At 1.9 pF level, 20 volatiles were identified and the components were trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (38.6%), tetrahydro-linalool acetate (6.32%), verbenone (5.86%) and γ-elemene (5.66%). While at 2.1 pF level, 17 volatiles were identified and the major components were (e)-ocimenone (39.66%), γ-elemene (8.3%), methyl eugenol (7.41%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (7.12%) and tetrahydro-linalool acetate (7.1%). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) study showed variations in glandular trichomes of the leaf epidermis at pF 2.1. Results of DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays (in vitro) showed thatC. amblyocarpa EO (isolated from seeds and whole plant) is a good resource of natural bioactive antioxidants.

Essential oil composition of aerial parts from Algerian Anacyclus monanthos subsp. cyrtolepidioides (Pomel) Humphries

The chemical composition of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Anacyclus monanthos subsp. cyrtolepidioides (Pomel) Humphries (Asteraceae) growing in a semi-arid region of Algeria was investigated for the first time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 97 compounds were identified. The essential oil was found to be rich in trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (9.8 ± 2.0%), (E)-β-farnesene (7.4 ± 1.5%), germacrene D (6.9 ± 1.3%) and myristicin (4.8 ± 0.8%).

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of essential oils and extracts from costmary (Tanacetum balsamita L.) and tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.)

The aim of the presented study was to compare Tanacetum balsamita L. (costmary) and Tanacetum vulgare L. (tansy) in terms of the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of essential oils and hydroethanolic extracts in relation with their chemical profile. The investigated species differ as to the chemical composition and biological activities. The dominant compounds of essential oils, determined by GC–MS, were: β-thujone in costmary (84.43%) and trans-chrysanthenyl acetate in tansy (18.39%). Using HPLC-DAD, the chemical composition of phenolic acids and flavonoids were determined. Cichoric acid appeared to be the dominant phenolic compound in both species (3333.9 and 4311.3mg×100g−1, respectively). Essential oil and extract of costmary was characterized by stronger antibacterial activity (expressed as MIC and MBC values) than tansy. In turn, tansy extract was distinguished by higher antioxidant potential (determined by FRAP and DPPH) in comparison to costmary. According to observed antibacterial and antioxidant activity, herb of tansy and costmary could be regarded as promising products for pharmaceutical and food industry as antiseptic and preservative agents.

Comparative studies on the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Tanacetum vulgare L. essential oil and methanol extracts

Chemical composition of essential oil (EO) and methanol extracts (MEs) from different parts of Tanacetum vulgare L. plant was analyzed and investigated for potential biological activities and correlated with the main constituents detected in EO and MEs.The EO was characterized by a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes with trans-chrysanthenyl acetate as major compound. All MEs were characterized by neochlorogenic, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic and caffeoylquinic acids. High phenolic content in MEs correlated to high antioxidant capacity, especially for roots. Tansy EO showed strong activity against the most of tested fungi and was efficient as bifonazole and ketoconazole, while the most sensitive bacteria were Gram-negative E. coli and E. cloacae. All MEs showed fungistatic and fungicidal effects against all of the eight tested fungi, but the antimicrobial activity was higher against Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, shown for the first time, MEs of leaves and flowers exhibited a strong antiproliferative effect on human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells, causing cell shrinkage and detachment.In the present study, the Tansy extracts and essential oil with low thujone content can provide a very promising and effective alternative in the field of antimicrobial applications and food preservation. The Tansy MEs possess a high antioxidant potential with phenolic acids being a major radical scavenging contributor with the proved antiproliferative activity to HeLa cells.

Essential Oils from Anthemis maritima Flowers: Infraspecific Variability along the Adriatic Coast (Italy).

The hydrodistilled essential oils (EOs) from flowers of five Adriatic populations of Anthemis maritima were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Anthemis maritima is a psammophilous plant living generally on coastal sand dunes but occasionally on sea cliffs and shingle beaches. A total of 163 chemical compounds were identified, accounting for 90.5% of the oils. The main classes of compounds represented in the EOs were monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and terpene esters.The multivariate chemometric techniques, in particular cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis, used to classify the samples, highlighted three different chemotypes linked to a geographic origin. One group living in northern Italy was characterized by the highest content of β-pinene, γ-terpinene, and β-caryophyllene, a second chemotype was in central Italy with the highest amount of trans-chrysanthenyl acetate and a third group living in southern Italy with a more heterogeneous volatile profile was characterized by the highest values of cis-chrysanthenyl acetate, trans-chrysanthenyl isobutyrate, cis-carveol propionate, α-zingiberene, and cubenol. Moreover, the comparison of the Adriatic populations with the Tyrrhenian samples, analyzed in a previous research, showed that cubenol (absent in all the Tyrrhenian populations) and (E)-β-farnesene (absent in all the Adriatic samples) play a crucial role in discriminating the Italian populations.

Essential Oil Composition of Achillea millefolium agg. Populations Collected from Saline Habitats in Serbia

:Essential oil yield and composition of three populations of yarrow (Achillea millefolium aggregate) occurring on saline habitats of Serbia was analyzed in relation to its soil site characteristics. The total of 99 compounds of essential oils was determined within three estimated chemotypes: the chamazulene + trans-caryophyllene+β-pinene (in population assigned as P1), the lavandulyl acetate+chamazulene + trans-caryophyllene (in P2) and the trans-chrysanthenyl acetate+trans-caryophyllene+germacrene D (in P3). The highest yield of 1.01 % and the lowest of 0.32 % were determined for populations P1 and P3, respectively. The highest total salt content, corresponding with the highest values of ECe and sodium, chloride and sulfate ion concentration was determined for soil of P1 population, which was assessed as solonchak soil, in difference to much lower value of sodium ions, total salts, ECe and pH, all increasing with the soil depth, as determined for samples of P2 and P3 yarrow populations - typical for the solonetz type of salt affected soils. Differences in yield and chemical composition of essential oils were discussed in term of impact of both population's genetic variability and specific environmental conditions. The essential oil quality in all researched yarrow populations accomplishes standards of EU Pharmacopeia 6.0 and thus, sustainable wild collection of yarrow from halophytic habitats could be recommended.