Abstract
Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) is an aromatic medicinal plant whose use is limited by the presence of toxic thujone. This research aimed to evaluate the morphological and chemical properties of tansy plants growing in various natural habitats. The research determined the content and chemical composition of the essential oil, the contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids, and the antioxidant activity levels of methanol extracts from tansy inflorescences. The highest amount of essential oil (1.05 mL·kg−1) was found in the raw material collected from the reclaimed area (R). Forty-seven compounds were identified in tansy oil, among which camphor (31.21–1.27%) and trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (76.09–0.09%) dominated, while the concentration of trans-thujone was low (2.67% on average). The highest amounts of flavonoids (0.52%) were found in the raw material collected from the ruderal (W) and reclaimed (R) sites, while the highest amount of phenolic acids (2.42%) was found in the raw material from the ruderal site (W). Tansy inflorescence extracts showed high antioxidant potential (88.41%). The reasons for the variability of the chemical composition of tansy were environmental and genetic variability factors.
Highlights
Medicines are made from the flower baskets of tansy (Tanaceti flos) and tansy herb (Tanaceti herba) containing 0.1–1.9% of essential oil, phenolic acids, flavonoids, bitterness, and mineral compounds [1,2,3]
The tansy plants were characterized by relatively strong growth, except for plants from the ruderal (W) site (Table 2)
By analyzing the height of tansy plants and based on the calculated coefficient of variation V, it can be concluded that three of the selected sites were characterized by little variability, while the population growing on the ruderal site (W) was heterogeneous
Summary
Tansy oil has a variable composition; its main components are beta-thujone, isomers, terpenes, camphene, beta-pinene, and others [4,5,6]. It is a yellowish-orange oily liquid with a warm, almost savory, spicy, dry, herbal odor. The oil accumulated in the flowers and leaves has a similar chemical composition. In some cases, the oil of the 1,8-cineole chemotype is accumulated in the leaves, and the inflorescences contain camphor oil or myrtenol oil. [7] suggest that the variable composition of tansy essential oil is related to the high adaptability of this species to the environment. Coté et al [8] report that T. vulgare essential oil has interesting biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic effects
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