Trans-Baikal Territory Research Articles

Improving the safety of pedestrian crossings based on the illumination degree assessment in the Central district of Chita city

The road accidents statistics proves that the main road accidents type in Russia is a collision with a pedestrian, the situation is similar in the Transbaikal Territory (44.9 %). In the darkness hours sharply increases the road traffic danger. Despite the fact that the intensity of traffic during this period is 5–10 times lower than in daylight hours, the road accidents share is 40–60 % of their total number. Therefore, the illumination degree assessment at unregulated pedestrian crossings for the subsequent recommendations development to improve its safety is an urgent problem today. For the first time we have conducted extensive instrumental research to measure the illumination level of different outdoor lighting devices types at pedestrian crossings in the Central District of the Chita city. Five streets and highways of the Chita’s Central District (Lenina St., Leningradskaya St., Butina St., Chkalova St., Babushkina St.) were studied. Measurements were carried out at 75 intersections and 450 points of illumination were measured. Measurements were carried out during 3 months of 2022. The experimental studies results on measuring the illumination degree at night on city streets are averaged and presented in tabular form. Obtained experimental data comparison with the normative values according to GOST R 55706-2013 is given. The rating of streets with division for non-dangerous with the received value over 20 lux, low-dangerous with the received value from 10 to 20 lux, dangerous with the received value more than 20 lux is made. The illumination level map of the street-road network of the central district of Chita city is constructed. Recommendations on improvement of pedestrian crossings safety for inhabitants of Chita city are given.

Innovative Strategy for Selecting Industries for Program-Target Stimulation of Regional Economic Diversification

The purpose of this study is to substantiate the approach to the selection of industries for program-target stimulation of regional economy diversification, focusing on developing new strong industries and increasing the economic complexity of the regional economy. The research methodology is based on the application of the concept of revealed comparative advantages and an assessment of the economic complexity of industries and regions of Russia (the Udmurt Republic, Republic of Mordovia, Kaliningrad Region, and Trans-Baikal Territory) using data on tax revenues by economic sectors. The novelty of this research lies in demonstrating the effectiveness of applying the revealed comparative advantage concept, an approach to assessing economic complexity based on the use of tax revenue data by economic sectors, and a strategy for modernizing intermediate opportunities when selecting industries for program-target stimulation of regional economy diversification. The practical significance of the results is determined by the possibilities of their use in the application of program-target mechanisms to solve problems of stimulating the development of individual sectors of the regional economy. Selecting priority areas for diversification based on economic complexity methods can contribute to the improvement of budget balancing, economic growth and sustainable development, and mitigation of interregional inequality. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2023-04-03-013 Full Text: PDF

Polymorphism of DNA repair genes (APEX1 T444G RS1130409) in obese gout patients in the male population of the trans-baikal territory in Russia

Polymorphism of DNA repair genes (APEX1 T444G RS1130409) in obese gout patients in the male population of the trans-baikal territory in Russia

The content of some chemical elements in soils and plants of the Transbaikal Territory

The content of some chemical elements in soils and plants of the Transbaikal Territory

The genus Placolecis (Catillariaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota) in Russia

The genus Placolecis (Catillariaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota) in Russia

Manifestations of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system in the young population of Russian Federation: regional features

The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the organs of the reproductive system of the population aged 15 to 39 years within the Russian Federation.Material and methods. The data of specialized forms of state reporting No. 7 “Information on diseases of malignant neoplasms” and data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation on the size and sex and age composition of the population for the period from 2011 to 2021 were used.Results. In the dynamics of changes in the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the reproductive organs of the young population of the regions of the Russian Federation for the period from 2011 to 2021, multidirectional trends are observed. The highest incidence rates are in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, namely in the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Magadan Region, the smallest – in the regions of the North Caucasian Federal District.Conclusions. Regional differences in incidence rates in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation were established, changes in trends were found for the age group of people from 15 to 39 years old, which may be associated with lifestyle changes, environmental factors, as well as improved detection of cancer.

Provision of Housing for Residents of the Far East: Statistical Analysis

Building on state statistics, the authors analyzed the situation with providing housing opportunities for residents of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD). The objective of the study is to define the housing stock characteristics of the macroregion. Based on the methods of statistical analysis applied by the authors, the following parameters of the FEFD housing stock are identified: differentiation of regions – constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of housing provision and housing improvement, the degree of housing satisfaction according toresident surveys, debt on housing loans and affordability of rental housing. The paper demonstrates differences in the positions of FEFD regions. The article concludes that additional funding of the FEFD regions through state programs since 2014 has not affected the growth of the FEFD housing stock, which in terms of specific indicators of housing provision, is below the Russian average (2018–2020). The authors argue that for several FEFD regions, there is a dire need to improve housing quality (this applies particularly to the Republic of Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Territory).

Assessment of the Suitability of Ash-Slag Waste of the Trans-Baikal Territory for the Production of Road-Building Materials

The research results of the composition, properties and structural features of bottom ash waste from the Trans-Baikal Territory were presented to determine the possibility of their use in road construction. It was stated that bottom ash waste are non-frost heaving. The indicator of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides was determined SEA (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) for samples of pulverized ash and ash and slag mixtures, which was less than 370 Bq/kg and indicated the possibility of their use in road construction without restrictions. The hydraulic properties of pulverized ash were identified that characterize them as latently active, and ash and slag mixtures as inert materials, which limits the possibility of their use as a separate binding agent. The conclusion was made about the need for an integrated approach to a targeted change in the physical and mechanical properties of ash and slag waste including the use of various mineral binders and stabilizing additives to include waste in the composition of road materials.

Bacteriocarriage of ixodid mites on the Trans-Baikal Territory

The results of a microbiological study of sexually mature ixodid mites of the genus Dermacentor collected in the rural areas of the Trans-Baikal Territory are presented. Microbiological examination of 152 ixodid mites was carried out. Four microbial cultures of different species were identified: Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Clostridium botulinum. The presence of bacteria associations of different species groups in the mite body was noted: in 32 individuals - L. monocytogenes, E. coli, S. typhi, in 56 - C. botulinum, E. coli, S. typhi, in 6 - L. monocytogenes, E. coli, in 15 - C. botulinum, E. coli. Of all the isolated microbial strains, Escherichia coli made up the largest number: this microorganism was isolated from all mites. L. monocytogenes appeared to be the least isolated: 38 of 152 mites were its carriers. Salmonellosis pathogen circulation was detected in 123 mites out of 152 examined specimens. The biological properties of all the isolated microbial cultures corresponded to their classical characteristics. Microorganisms of the genus Clostridium isolated from the mites on the Kitt-Tarozzi nutrient medium caused uniform turbidity of the nutrient medium, which indicates that this bacterial strain belongs to serovars C, D, E and В. The data obtained indicate the need for annual veterinary control of the grazing areas for the presence of natural foci, the reservoirs of pathogens which are pasture mites. During the period of ixodid mites mass attack it is necessary to carry out acaricide treatments of animals with repellent and acaricide preparations that will not only increase their productivity, but will also allow preventing infectious diseases.

The Role of Innovation in the Economic Development of the Eastern Regions of the Russian Federation: Economic and Statistical Analysis

The article evaluates an innovative component of economic growth in the eastern regions of the Russian Federation using statistical analysis methods. The relevance of the matter under consideration is increasing dramatically due to the introduction of economic sanctions against Russia, which significantly restrict the import of high-tech and innovative products into our country. Based on Rosstat data for 2016–2019, a comparative analysis of the development of several areas of innovation and economic activity in the regions of the Russian Federation as part of the Far East Federal District (Far East – FE) and the Baikal Region (BR) was carried out. According to the authors, currently, in the regions under consideration, there is an imbalance in the individual components of the innovation sphere, significant heterogeneity, and uneven development of innovation and technological processes in general. The effectiveness of innovation activity in the regions under review in comparison with the indicators for Russia as a whole is low. The revealed multidirectional dynamics of innovation activity indicators in the regions and the lag of most of them from the average Russian level are connected, in the authors’ opinion, with the problems of organizational and financial support of innovation activity and insufficient budget funding allocated to stimulate it. Innovations in the FE and the BR regions were carried out mainly at the expense of the organizations' own funds. In the structure of their costs, most of the funds were allocated for the purchase of machinery and equipment, in 2019 the share of research and development costs significantly increased. The export of innovative products was carried out in less than half of the considered group of regions. The intensity of exports of innovative products in the economy as a whole, as well as in the field of industrial production, exceeds the national level and accounts for about half or more of the total export volume. In terms of the effectiveness of innovation activity among the analyzed regions, the Khabarovsk Territory is the undisputed leader, and among the outsiders are the Magadan Region and the Kamchatka Territory in 2016, the Trans-Baikal Territory in 2019. In most regions, there is an increase in the raw materials orientation of economic systems, and a decrease in the share of the manufacturing sector in the gross regional product (GRP). The results of the analysis of the role of innovation activity in the economic development of the eastern regions of the country and interregional comparative statistics, according to the authors, can be used in the development of updated and upgraded programs for the socio-economic development of the subjects of the FE and the BR of the Russian Federation, concerning present-day foreign policy and foreign economic realities.

Ruppia maritima (Ruppiaceae) in lakes of Transbaikalia and Mongolia

Information is given about the finds of the relict species Ruppia maritima in salt lakes in the southeast of Transbaikalia of Russia (Trans-Baikal Territory) and in the northeast of Mongolia. Information is present on quantitative indicators of populations, ecological conditions, salinity and pH of lake water.

PHYTOCENOTIC INCIDENCE OF RHODODÉNDRON AURÉUM GEORGI (ERICACEAE) OF THE UDOKAN RIDGE, TRANS-BAIKAL TERRITORY

The paper presents data on phytocoenotic confinement of Rhododendron aureum Georgi, 1775 (Ericaceae) in the Udokan range. Using classical geobotanical methods, 79 populations of Rhododendron aureum were studied within the boundaries of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Within the fragment of R . aureum , the species is found within larch-siberian dwarf pine communities, larch yernic, pure siberian dwarf pine communities and areas of mountain tundra. Ecological densities and distribution differ even in similar communities. The most common associated species are Pinus pumila , Ledum palustre , Vaccinium vitis-idaea , Vaccinium uliginosum and others. The projective coverage of mosses and lichens can also vary from 5 to 95%. This work is particularly important for the assessment of biodiversity and future conservation efforts in areas that are rich in natural resources and minerals

Features of the Causal Complex of Regional Female Crime (On the Example of the Irkutsk Region, the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Republic of Buryatia)

The article examines the features of regional crime among women in the Trans-Baikal region, Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia. The study found significant differences in economic, historical and social factors of the regions compared to the Russian Federation. Criminological factors influencing the state of regional crime are determined. It is proved that one of the main reasons for the growth of crime in the regions is the high integration of the criminal environment into Siberian society, which caused a negative impact on the legal consciousness of the population and patterns of illegal behavior in resolving conflict situations and the implementation of life goals. The system of penitentiary institutions and its impact on the criminological situation in the regions are retrospectively considered. There is a difficult economic situation, expressed in a low level of cash income per capita (2.5 times lower compared to the Russian Federation) and a high level of unemployment (almost 2 times higher in the Trans–Baikal Territory and the Republic of Buryatia, and 1.5 times higher in the Irkutsk region). The employment of women in difficult working conditions also contributes to the development of states of maladjustment, internal hostility and stress, producing addictive behavior, while alcohol addiction is prevalent.

Features of the wooden buildings of Chita in the pre-revolutionary period

The article reflects the intermediate results of a study conducted within the framework of the scientific project "Architects and engineers of the eastern outskirts of Russia (second half of the 19th - early 20th century)". Within the framework of this publication, the authors raise the question of the need to study and comprehend the unique layer of regional architecture - the preserved wooden buildings of the capital of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the city of Chita. Based on data from field surveys, the study of scientific literature and Internet resources, as well as data obtained in the course of work in the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory, a systematic picture of the historical evolution of the wooden building of the city from the moment it was founded to the events of the October Revolution and the Civil War is presented for the first time. Particular attention is paid to the problems of developing the planning structure of the city and the ratio of wooden and stone buildings at different stages of its development. The features of the space-planning organization of buildings and structures of various typologies, the transformation of methods of decorative design of street facades and their dependence on the location of objects in the structure of the urban fabric are considered. Data are given on the creative and professional activities of a number of architects, engineers and other masters of architectural and construction art who worked in Chita in the period under review and who had a significant impact on the formation and development of the city's wooden buildings, as well as the spread of various architectural styles.

Study of the dynamics of revenues and expenditures of the budget of the Trans-Baikal Territory

Study of the dynamics of revenues and expenditures of the budget of the Trans-Baikal Territory

On functioning of Siberian IDGC branch of PJSC Rosseti – JSC Chitaenergosbyt

Specifics of the functioning of the electric grid company over the period of its activity in 2016 – 2022 are considered. Based on the publicly available data, an analysis of the structural features of the company, as well as the electric energy balance for its transmission to and from the company's networks, taking into account losses arising during the electricity transportation to consumers, was carried out. The characteristics of generating capacity, as well as the number of substations on the Trans-Baikal Territory and in the Republic of Buryatia are presented, their age assessment is given. The level of electricity consumption is analyzed, as well as the structural composition of consumers receiving electric energy through the company's networks. Based on available information about emergency situations, the number of failures that occurred in the company's networks during the period under study, as well as the causes of those failures, were analyzed. It has been established that the greatest number of failures is associated with the wear of electrical grid equipment, which causes a collision of wires of overhead power lines, their breakage, as well as the breakdown of high-voltage insulators. The percentage ratio of the main causes of failures in the company's electrical networks has been determined. Based on the use of Matlab graphic editor technologies, the visualization of the analyzed dependencies was carried out, which enabled to have a demonstration of changes in the number of failures, the amount of under-supplied electrical energy, as well as economic damage from this under-supply. Graphical diagrams are presented and a detailed analysis of the causes of emergency events for the current half of 2022 is given. Reversible malfunctions (unstable failures) are noted, and their share in the total volume of emergency situations is determined. Recommendations have been developed for the company specialists to improve the reliability of power supply. The results obtained can be useful both to the management and specialists of the company in question, as well as to scientific and technical workers and engineering personnel engaged in research in the field of improving the reliability and safety of functioning of electric power systems.

Противодействие контрабанде золота на территории Забайкалья во второй половине XIX — начале XX в.

The article describes the main results of the study aimed at identification of reasons and consequences of smuggling of such resource as gold from the Russian state to the adjacent areas. The study has given an opportunity to determine the entire range of reasons affecting the origination and development of gold smuggling from the Transbaikal territory that had a large number of gold mines (works) in the early 19th century and single out the main problems in efficient fighting and combating smuggling, which was the main threat at that timepoint. The study is largely based on empirical data enabling its authors to draw conclusions on the role and meaning of the state and authorities under its control along with regional and local governments in the elimination of the state resources plundering threat.

Регионы с низкой финансовой устойчивостью: анализ и активизация развития

This article presents an analysis of the socio-economic development and fiscal position of the subjects of the Russian Federation with low financial sustainability. The existing domestic and foreign approaches to understanding the concept of "financial sustainability of territory" are analyzed. It is proved that the regions with low financial sustainability include the subjects of the Russian Federation with a high level of gratuitous receipts in the structure of the regional budget and lagging behind the average Russian regions in terms of basic economic parameters. The relevance of the study lies in identifying problems that hinder the economic growth of such regions, as well as in developing measures to improve interbudget relations. ITo carry out the analysis and identify the specifics of management of these territories, the authors identify a group of regions with low financial sustainability, having different geographical location and degree of intensity of this problem (the Republics of Mordovia and Tyva, the Trans-Baikal Territory, the Pskov and Oryol Regions, the Jewish Autonomous Region), and apply an original methodological approach based on the assessment of the socio-economic situation and the fiscal position. As a result, both general socio-economic (depopulation, low wages, unemployment, depreciation of fixed assets, low investment and innovation activity) and fiscal (budget imbalance, low level of financial independence, debt burden) problems of these subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as problems specific to each of them, are identified. Measures to enhance economic development and growth of the income base of regions with low financial sustainability are proposed, and suggestions for improving regulatory legal acts in the field of state regional management are formulated.

Wooden buildings of Chita in the work of the first architects of the city

The article presents the results of a study conducted by the authors with the support of the Russian Science Foundation grant "Architects and engineers of the eastern outskirts of Russia (second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries)". The features of a significant layer of regional wooden architecture, preserved in the capital of the Trans-Baikal Territory - the city of Chita, are considered. Based on the materials of field surveys and the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the preserved objects and original designs of a number of buildings and structures for various purposes were studied. The wooden architecture of the city is viewed through the prism of the activities of the first city architects and engineers, as well as other masters of the building art who received professional education in the leading architectural and engineering schools of central Russia, as well as specialists who did not have a specialized education, but received the right to carry out architectural and construction work after passing exams at the Ministry of Construction Affairs in St. Petersburg. As a result, a complete systematized picture of the historical evolution of the wooden architecture of Chita was compiled, which was formed under the influence of all-Russian architectural traditions, but at the same time had its own distinctive features associated with the specifics of the development of the region and the personal ideas of the masters of architectural and construction art, as well as customers of architecture of this type.

Challenges to Territorial Jurisdiction Determination in Smuggling Cases

The paper examines the issue of determining the limits of the courts’ jurisdiction in the course of consideration of criminal cases related to smuggling, and the presence of procedural factors influencing the determination of territorial jurisdiction established by articles 32, 35 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation. The paper considers the practice of the Trans-Baikal Territory courts, reveals the need for legislative resolution of controversial issues to determine the jurisdiction of cases of smuggling. The author makes proposals and gives judgments on the need for additional clarifications by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the rules for applying Art. 32 and 35 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation. It is criminal cases related to smuggling that cause a certain difficulty in establishing territorial jurisdiction. It is due to the totality of the conditions established by these criminal procedural norms, given the various territorial places for crimes committed, establishing the completion of criminal acts by their severity. Difficulties in the correct definition of such circumstances affect the «wandering» of criminal cases of this category between the courts, along with the exercise of their rights by the participants in the process to appeal against the actions of the courts in connection with the resolution of disputed subjects to determine the proper jurisdiction. The presence of contentious issues in determining jurisdiction to one degree or another may affect the delay in the reasonable timeframes provided for in Article 6.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation when considering criminal cases even before the start of their trial by the court on the merits. In some cases, the impact on the expiration of the procedural deadlines for bringing the perpetrators is not ruled out to criminal liability and terms of detention of smugglers. The foregoing also applies to the issues of criminal law improvement in the field of combating smuggling.