Genotypes For Traits Research Articles

Relationships Among Origin, Genotype, and Oenological Traits of Brettanomyces Yeasts

Brettanomyces yeasts play a relevant role in the fermentation industry, showing controversial behavior. There is growing interest in these yeasts in the fermentation industry as beer and bioethanol production, while in winemaking, they are considered spoilage microorganisms mainly used to produce ethyl phenols. These compounds may alter wine’s organoleptic characteristics, leading to significant economic loss. In this work, 45 Brettanomyces strains from seven different environments were genotyped and assayed for some oenological characters to investigate the possible relationship among sources of isolation, genotype characterization, and oenological characters. The results of biotyping showed four main clusters which were also distinguished according to the oenological characters. The oenological characters also distinguished the strains based on the isolation source, suggesting an overall relation between origin and biotypes. The negative correlation between fermentation rate and ethyl phenols production in the Brettanomyces population may indicate the adaptation to hostile environments differently from crop strains that showed the opposite behavior. The overall results contribute to clarifying some features of Brettanomyces yeasts, even if further investigations into the ability of these yeasts to colonize winemaking environments are needed.

Multi-trait selection for mean performance and stability in purple-fleshed sweet potato

Few purple-fleshed sweet potato (PFSP) cultivars are available for Brazilian growers, urging for the development of new and adapted cultivars. PFSP breeding programs should include multiple traits during the selection process to increase the chances of developing an adequate genotype, specially yield-related and quality-related traits. The objective was to select promising PFSP genotypes based on yield and tuberous-roots-related traits exploring genotype x environment interaction (GEI). Four experiments were carried out, in which 23 pre-selected PFSP genotypes were evaluated based on yield and quality traits, after screening among 2500 experimental genotypes. The first experiment adopted an augmented block design, with ‘Luiza’ interspersed as a control. From this first experiment, the 19 experimental genotypes with the best performance were selected for the following three experiments, which were conducted in a randomized block experimental design, with three replications each, including ‘Luiza’ as control. The best genotypes were selected in the first experiment using the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI). For the following experiments, the performance of the genotypes was assessed using deviance analysis, genotypic stability through weighted average of absolute scores (WAASB) index, and the multi-trait stability index (MTSI). In the first experiment, three factors were retained, being associated to commercial production of tuberous roots (‘K-104′, ‘K-25′ and ‘U1–29′), total production of tuberous roots (‘K-110′, ‘C-42′, ‘F-16′, and ‘U1–29′), and quality of tuberous roots (‘F-22′), respectively. Desired gains were observed for all traits. For the experiments II, III, and IV five factors were retained, being four related to quality of tuberous roots and one to yield components. The GEI was significant for yield-related traits and desired gains were observed for most traits. Due to high commercial tuberous root yield and low WAASB values, the genotypes ‘U1–29′, ‘K-98′, ‘F-22′, ‘K-57′, ‘C-36′, ‘U1–15′, ‘K-25′, and ‘U2–12′ were highly productive and stable. The genotypes selected by the MTSI index were ‘U1–15′, ‘U2–10′, ‘U1–29′, ‘K-98′, and ‘K-78′. The multi-trait selection enabled the identification of promising genotypes highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.

Genetic variation in leaf photosynthesis and associated traits in elite and landrace-derived genotypes in wheat

Genetic variation in leaf photosynthesis and associated traits in elite and landrace-derived genotypes in wheat

Effect of Seed Priming on Adaptive Morphological Traits of Anaerobic Germination Tolerant Upland Rice Genotypes

Effect of Seed Priming on Adaptive Morphological Traits of Anaerobic Germination Tolerant Upland Rice Genotypes

Impact of Mid-season Moisture Stress on Yield Attributes and Seed Quality in Groundnut Genotypes

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University during rabi, 2022 and 2023 to study the impact of mid-season moisture stress (40-80 DAS) on yield attributes and quality traits of groundnut genotypes. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with factorial concept with two main treatments i.e., control and mid-season moisture stress (40-80 DAS) and 12 sub treatments i.e., two check varieties and ten contrasting groundnut genotypes in three replications. Among the groundnut genotypes and check varieties tested for their tolerance to moisture stress the genotypes, TCGS 2326, TCGS 1792, K9 and TCGS 2333 were found to withstand mid-season moisture stress and maintained highest 100 kernel weight, shelling percentage, protein and oil content indicating tolerance to moisture stress.

Genetic Analysis for Seed Yield and Yield‐Related Traits in Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) Under Drought‐Stress and Non‐stress Conditions

ABSTRACTTepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) is an under‐utilized genetic resource with significant potential for food security and stress tolerance breeding. Expanding its cultivation in southern Africa requires high‐yielding, locally adapted and drought‐tolerant varieties. This study determined the combining ability and genetic components for seed yield and related traits in tepary bean genotypes under non‐stress (NS) and drought‐stress (DS) conditions. Seven parents were selected through rigorous phenotyping and crossed using a half‐diallel design. The 7 parents and 21 F2 progenies were evaluated in 2021/2022 season at Kasinthula and Bunda sites in Malawi under NS and DS conditions using a 4 × 7 lattice design with three replications. The specific combining ability (SCA) × location interaction effect was significant (p < 0.05) for DTF, NPP, and SY, suggesting that the genetic effects of crosses were influenced by the test locations. General combining ability (GCA) and SCA mean squares were significant for the number of seeds per pod (NSP) and SY under DS conditions, indicating both additive and non‐additive gene effects. Baker's ratio (BR) > 0.50 for NPP and NSP under DS conditions suggested a preponderance of additive gene effects. G40145, G40148 and G40150 parental lines were good combiners for NPP and SY. The F2 families from crosses such as Zimbabwe landrace/G40138, Zimbabwe landrace/G40150, G40059/G40145, G40059/G40148, G40138/G40150 and G40145/G40150 were identified as best specific combiners, with enhanced SY of 1.67 t/ha under DS conditions. The study recommends advancing high‐performing early‐generation families for selection across representative environments to facilitate variety release and commercialization.

Evaluation of tuber quality, yield and yield related traits of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes at Holetta, Central Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, potato is a food security and income generating crop for millions of smallholder farmers. Previous research efforts related to variety development was focusing on tube yield and late blight resistance with wide adaptability. So far, the potato research program in the country however, devoted less on tuber quality traits and processing parameters except few recently released varieties that considered tuber quality traits for processing. These few potato varieties with processing qualities not yet satisfied the ever-emerging processing industries for chips and French fries in the country. Hence, this study aimed to seek evaluating more potato genotypes that have merits for tuber quality traits used for processing and yield attributes. The experiment was laid out in a randomized completed block design with three replications using 24 potato genotypes to evaluate the processing quality traits of advanced potato genotypes at Holetta Agricultural Research Centre in 2017 main cropping season. The results of the analysis of variance revealed that all the traits showed significant differences among the genotypes indicating there is wide genetic variation. The highest and significantly different tuber physical quality traits of geometric mean diameter and surface area was recorded from CIP395017.229, sphericity of the tuber from CIP396027.205, and length to width ratio from CIP399075.7. The specific gravity of tubers, dry matter content and total starch content also ranged from 1.070 to 1.103 gcm−3, 18.67 to 25.75%, and 12.64% to 18.95%, respectively. The five advanced genotypes CIP398098.65, CIP392617.54, CIP398190.404, CIP394611.112, and C398190.89 were selected for their high total tuber yields over 36.80 t/ha, with more than 31.47 t/ha marketable tuber yield, greeter than 69.92 g/tuber average tuber weight, higher than 58.41 mm3 geometric mean diameter, more than 21.25% dry matter content, excellent tuber characteristics and processing quality traits for chips and French fries making. From this study, selection of potato genotypes that consider both external and internal tuber quality traits would expedite the process of advancing ample potato varieties with processing qualities in the country considering comprehensive study by including more potato genotypes across wider growing environments.

Evaluation of Early Maturing Soya Bean (Glycine max.) Genotypes for Pod Shattering Resistance and High Yielder at Western Tigray, Ethiopia

Pod shattering is occurring after the pods reached maturity which can cause considerable yield loss in soya bean crop. The aims of this study were to evaluate the pod shattering resistance and the performance of the agronomic traits of several soybean genotypes. Field experiment was conducted at Humera district during 2018 cropping season using sixteen soya bean genotypes. Treatments were evaluated with RCBD and replicated three times. Pod shattering, number of branches, seed per pod, pod per plant, hundred seed weight and seed yield was shows a significant (P<0.01) variation among genotypes. While; there was not a significant variation among genotypes in terms of the number of days from planting to flowering and maturity. The mean pod shattering was ranged from scale1.25 to 4. Maximum amount of pod shattering was measured in the genotypes PI423959 (4), PI506764 (3.75) and PI417085 (3.25). However, minimum amount of pod shattering was measured in the genotypes of PI417116 (1.25), Desha (1.75) and PI417132 (2). Highest yield was obtained from the genotypes PI714116 (19.29kg/ha) and PI417132 (16.54kg/ha). However, lowest yield was obtained from the genotypes Williams (check) (6.7kg/ha) followed by PI223963 (8.53 kg/ha) and Nova (check) (9.86 kg/ha).

Evaluate the Genetic Divergence and Principal Component Analysis in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The current investigation was carried out on some bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes throughout spring season to evaluate their heat tolerance via Cluster Analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The experiment was accomplished in an augmented block design with 60 genotypes and three replications. Evaluations were carried out on 26 quantitative traits. Cluster analysis showed five clusters, cluster I with 56 genotypes and clusters II, III, IV and V with only one genotype each. The clusters II, III, IV and V have only one genotype each, so their intra-cluster distances were zero. The intra-cluster distance for cluster I was 57.879. The maximum and minimum inter cluster distance was found between cluster II and III (267.377) and between cluster I and II (86.469), respectively. Cluster I showed the earliest (76.689 days) average for early maturity (days to 50% heading) and cluster III showed the maximum (27.664) average for grain yield (grain yield per plant). PCA indicated that the five principal components (PC1 to PC5) accounted for 65.61% of the total variance. PC1 accounted for 11.51% of the total variance and showed positive factor loading for almost traits. Harvest index, grain yield per plant, flag leaf width and leaf rolling showed the highest factor loadings for PC1. As a result of the foregoing data and analysis, it is possible to conclude that there is great potential for effective genetic improvement for grain yield and correlated traits in the present wheat genotypes.

Effect of moisture stress on morpho-physiological and yield contributing traits of rabi sorghum genotypes under rainfed condition

Effect of moisture stress on morpho-physiological and yield contributing traits of rabi sorghum genotypes under rainfed condition

Pyramiding of multiple resistant genes of blast and bacterial blight diseases in the background of rice (Oryza sativa) mega variety BRRI dhan29

Blast and bacterial blight (BB) are the two major rice diseases in the world including Bangladesh. In this study, BB resistance genes (Xa21 and xa13) and blast resistance (Pi9 and Pb1) genes were pyramided into a mega variety, BRRI dhan29 through marker-assisted backcross breeding. IRBB58 was used as a BB-resistant donor and Pi9-US2, and Pb1-US2 were used as blast-resistant donors. Backcross was done between BRRI dhan29 and donor parents to develop BC3F1 population and then selfing was done to develop BC3F6 population. BC3F2 population was genotyped and phenotyped for segregation analysis and BC3F6 was evaluated for genotyping, phenotyping and morphological traits and yields. Chi-square analysis of BC3F2 data revealed that blast and BB resistance followed the single gene mendelian fashion (1:2:1 and 3:1). Two to four gene combinations were found in the advanced lines of the BC3F6 population. The yield of the advanced lines ranged from 6.42 (t ha-1) to 9.5 (t ha-1) and they showed resistant against blast and BB with mean disease scores ranging from 0.67 to 2.33 and 0.33 to 2.33, respectively. Finally, eight lines having four genes (xa13, Xa21, Pi9 and Pb1) were selected for multilocational (five locations) trials for yield performance and disease reaction. Mean yield data of eight advanced lines of all locations were varied from 6.48±0.15 to 8.38±0.11 t ha-1 and all the lines showed resistant reactions against blast (score 0.53 to 1) and BB (score 0.6 to 0.87) disease. The highest yield was found in BR (Path) 13800-BC3-224-12 (G28, 8.38±0.11 t ha-1) followed by BR (Path) 13800-BC3-134-252 (G26, 8.28±0.08 t ha-1) and BR (Path) 13800-BC3-136-115 (G12, 8.24±0.07 t ha-1). Pyramided advanced lines of this study could be released as BB and blast-resistant varieties or could be utilized as donor parents in resistant breeding.

Genetic Variability, Heritability, Genetic Advance, Path Coefficient Analysis, and Inter-Character Relationships in Colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis [L.] Schrad.) from Southeastern Villages of the Benin Republic

Genetic improvement of crops for important traits requires reliable estimates of genetic variability. heritability and genetic advance of intending parent materials to identify traits useful in planning an efficient breeding program through selection. Hence, the effectiveness of genetic improvement of a crop depends on the variability in the morpho-agronomic traits of individual genotypes. Understanding the variation that exists will allow the breeder to determine strategies to be adopted in his breeding program. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the magnitude of genetic variability and advance, heritability and inter-character relationships by simple correlations and path coefficient analysis in 40 local colocynth genotypes from Southeastern Benin. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three locations for three years. 34 morpho-agronomic traits were observed in each genotype. Analysis of variance revealed that effects of genotype, genotype by year or location and genotype by year by location interactions were significant (p ≤ 0.01 or 0.05) for all the characters. Phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) values were relatively greater than genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) for all traits. High magnitude of phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation as well as high heritability along with high genetic advance were recorded particularly for qualitative traits. All yield components, except time to emergence, time to tailspins, leaf limb width, fruit number per plant, fruit width, seed length, seed tegument percentage and stem pubescence texture, had significant and positive correlations with yield attributes represented by thousand-seed weight (TSW) and seed number per plant (SNP). Path coefficient analysis indicated that all the characters (except leaf pubescence texture, stem pubescence texture, fruit design produced by secondary skin color and male flower size) had positive direct effects on TSW and partly SNP. Results suggested that most of the 34 quantitative and qualitative traits studied could be effectively used as selection criteria in the breeding program of Citrullus colocynthis varieties with high yield.

Genetic variability and diversity analysis for some agronomic traits of a sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) collection: Insights for breeding superior genotypes

A study was conducted during the 2017 cropping season to assess the genetic variability of selected agronomic traits in sweet potato. A total of 355 sweet potato genotypes (351 from different countries of the world and four check varieties) were evaluated at Tuber Crops Research Sub Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institution, Bogura, Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted using an augmented randomized complete block design. Findings revealed positive correlations among five agronomic traits, namely the weight of marketable storage root per plant (MRW), weight of storage root per plant (RW), fresh weight of foliage per plant (FW), number of marketable storage root per plant (MRN) and number of storage root per plant (RN) suggesting their suitability for phenotypic selection. There was a positive skewness in most studied traits (FW, MRW, MRW and RW), indicating the presence of a few genotypes with exceptionally high values for those traits. By employing principal component analysis, the most influential traits in sweet potato genotypes were identified for first two components (Dim) showing significant contributions to Dim-1 and Dim-2 collectively accounting for 84.7 % of the total variance. Through cluster analysis, two main clusters (Cluster I and Cluster II) were identified among the studied genotypes, each characterized by distinct trait patterns. Cluster I demonstrated superior performance in all traits, while Cluster II exhibited lower values for all traits. Further sub-clustering within Cluster II (sub-clusters IIA and IIB) revealed additional variations of the collection. The Euclidean distance for inter-cluster (ranging from 7.94 to 11.39) and intra-cluster (ranging from 3.17 to 10.38) were determined utilizing the complete distance method. In restricted maximum likelihood (REML) model, all the traits were significantly influenced by genetic effects, with broad-sense heritability ranging from 32 % to 70 %. The REML displayed high selection accuracy, with values exceeding 91 % for studied traits. The Multi-Trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) identified 18 genotypes, with Moz1.15 emerging as the best-performing genotype under a 5 % selection pressure. Among the selected genotypes, trait uniqueness was highest for FW (54 %), followed by RN (50 %), MRN (18 %), MRW (14 %), and RW (5 %). The selection gain for these top-ranked genotypes varied between 23.2 % and 69.2 %. Findings established the existence of useful genetic variability for selected agronomic traits of sweet potato that could be exploited for breeding, genetics study and conservation.

Assessment of Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and Yield Related Traits under Different Dates of Sowing of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a self-pollinating annual plant extensively grown as staple food source in the world. Information on the extent of heritability and genetic advance among different traits of bread wheat genotypes is essential to designing breeding strategies with the objective to estimate heritability and genetic advance for different characters of bread wheat genotypes. A total of 10 bread wheat genotypes were evaluated for 15 traits sown, three at different dates in 10 days interval The first on 30 November 2022, second on 10 December 2022, and third 20 December 2022 in a Randomized Block Design with three replications at Student Instruction Farm, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208002 (U.P.) during Rabi, 2022-23. in Randomized Block Design. High PCV and GCV were observed from biological yield, grain yield, plant height and productive tiller per plant high heritability estimate were recorded for grain yield per plant followed by biological yield per plant, plant height, days to 50% heading, days to maturity, number of productive tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight and number of grains per ear in both generations on individual and grain yield per plant followed by biological yield, number of productive tillers per plant, plant height, seed hardness, days to maturity in both generations on pooled basis. High genetic advance was observed for grain yield per plant and biological yield per plant in both the generation; seed hardness, number of productive tillers per plant in F1 generation and grain yield per plant and biological yield per plant in both the generation on pooled basis. Consequently, since additive gene action controls the phenotypic manifestation of certain features, those traits should receive special attention in wheat breeding programs. Grain yield will therefore be increased by direct selection for these features.

Employing genome-wide association studies to investigate acid adaptation mechanisms in Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes is a critical foodborne pathogen known to develop adaptation traits in mildly acidic food processing environments. This study analyzed the genomic data of 49 strains derived from clinical and food sources, utilizing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to explore the correlation between the genotypic and phenotypic traits of L. monocytogenes, thereby identifying the genetic determinants of its acid adaptation capability. The findings revealed no significant association between the collected acid adaptation genes and the bacterial growth parameters. The GWAS results indicated that numerous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites were significantly correlated with the growth parameters of L. monocytogenes in a pH = 5.0 acidic environment, whereas the associations diminished as the pH approached neutrality at pH = 6.7. Analysis and annotation of synonymous mutation loci revealed that non-synonymous mutations primarily impact function. The phenotypes pH = 5.0, ΔpH (5.0–5.5), SNPλ, and SNPμmax show the strongest associations with non-synonymous mutation loci. The genes lmo0017, lmo1173, lmo0794, and lmo2783 are significant non-synonymous mutation loci influencing acid adaptation. These genes play critical roles in intracellular pH regulation, cell wall synthesis and environmental response control, directly or indirectly affecting bacterial acid tolerance. Future research could leverage existing data combined with machine learning and causal inference methods to further dissect the genotype-phenotype causal relationships, identifying causative genetic factors that govern the acid adaptation in L. monocytogenes, providing insights for risk assessment and management strategies in food safety.

Exploring Biofilm-Related Traits and Bile Salt Efficacy as Anti-Biofilm Agents in MDR Acinetobacter baumannii.

Acinetobacter baumannii has been designated as a critical priority pathogen by the World Health Organization for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to investigate both the phenotypic and genotypic traits of multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii strains, along with the effects of natural bile salts on biofilm formation. The research analyzed phenotypic traits, including autoaggregation, hydrophobicity, twitching motility, lectin production, and biofilm formation, as well as genotypic traits such as the presence of bap and blaPER-1 genes in twenty wound and eight environmental MDR A. baumannii isolates. While all strains were identified as good biofilm producers, no statistically significant correlation was detected between the examined traits and biofilm formation. However, differences in biofilm production were observed between environmental and wound isolates. The natural bile salts Na-cholate, Na-deoxycholate, and Na-chenodeoxycholate demonstrated effective anti-A. baumannii activity (MIC = 0.25-10 mg mL-1), with significant anti-biofilm effects. Na-deoxycholate and Na-chenodeoxycholate inhibited 94-100% of biofilm formation at super-MIC concentrations (8-32 mg mL-1). This study underscores the urgent need for innovative strategies to combat antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in A. baumannii, highlighting the potential of natural bile salts as promising biofilm inhibitors and encouraging further research into their modification and combination with other antimicrobials.

Assessment of growth, metal uptake efficiency and yield traits of castor bean genotypes for phytoremediation of lead contaminated soils of Chakera-Faisalabad having history of long term irrigation with waste water

The agricultural soil of Chakera village, Faisalabad, Pakistan is under significant threat due to irrigation with wastewater containing Pb. Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), a non-edible oil seed crop showed considerable capacity for phytoremediation of heavy metals. Restoration of Pb contaminated soil of Chakera using castor bean until physiological maturity could be an effective approach for mitigating hazardous impacts of Pb contamination in the soil. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the growth, biochemical traits, phytoremediation potential, and yield attributes of two castor bean genotypes (NIAB-2020 and DS-30) under the conditions of two different soil-filled pots; uncontaminated soil of NIAB (0 mg Pb kg−1) and contaminated soil of Chakera (250 mg Pb kg−1). Results have shown that plant agronomic, biochemical and seed compositional analysis have revealed a faint drop on Chakera soil. Metal accumulation response resulted in highest shoot Pb uptake in DS-30 compared to NIAB-2020. Conversely, maximum Pb uptake in roots of NIAB-2020 (4470 µg plant−1) was recorded when compared with DS-30 (3576 µg plant−1). Highest translocation factor (TF) was calculated for DS-30, whereas, for the metal tolerance index (MTI), both genotypes exhibited non-significant difference. Interestingly, concentration of Pb in seeds remained undetected for both genotypes. The study indicates that NIAB-2020 exhibited slightly higher tolerance than DS-30, potentially leading to economic gains through widespread use of castor oil across industries, positioning castor bean as a promising candidate for rehabilitation of contaminated soils. Nevertheless, additional in-situ investigations are necessary to validate the findings of current pot study.

Path Analysis and Correlations Among Yield and Related Traits in Different Genotypes of Soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merill) in the Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia

Soybean is a warm-climate industrial crop, thrives in low- to medium-altitude legume crops. However, its production in Ethiopia lags behind global standards due to limited improved varieties and reliance on narrow genetic base materials, resulting in low productivity. Consequently, an experiment was undertaken to evaluate the genetic variability and associations among traits in various soybean genotypes concerning grain yield and related factors. Forty-nine soybean genotypes were assessed using a simple lattice design with two replications at Assosa Agricultural Research Center during the main cropping season of 2020. The majority of the characteristics displayed positive correlations both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Seed yield had highly significant and positive correlations, genetically and phenotypically, with the total number of seeds/ plant, number of pods/primary branch per plant, and the weight of a hundred seeds, indicating the potential for concurrent enhancement of grain yields and these associated traits. The total number of seeds/ plant had the greatest genotypic (0.94) and phenotypic (0.51) -+direct influence on seed yield, followed by the number of pods/primary branch per plant and the weight of a hundred seeds, which showed higher genotypic direct effects on seed yield. This suggests that specific emphasis should be placed on these traits for direct selection aimed at improving yield. Moreover, through examinations of genetic diversity, it has been confirmed that there exists significant variability among the evaluated genotypes. This discovery offers valuable insights for future soybean breeding programs. The identification of such variability is crucial as it allows breeders to select and develop soybean varieties with desirable traits, ultimately contributing to the improvement and advancement of soybean varieties.

Utilizing Visible Band Vegetation Indices from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images for Maize Phenotyping

Recent advancements in high-throughput phenotyping have led to the use of drones with RGB sensors for evaluating plant traits. This study explored the relationships between vegetation indices (VIs) with grain yield and morphoagronomic and physiological traits in maize genotypes. Eight maize hybrids, including those from the UENF breeding program and commercial varieties, were evaluated using a randomized block design with four replications. VIs were obtained at various stages using drones and Pix4D Mapper 4.7.5 software. Analysis revealed significant differences in morphoagronomic traits and photosynthetic capacity. At 119 days after planting (DAP), the RGB vegetation index VARI showed a significant correlation (r = 0.99) with grain yield. VARI also correlated with female flowering (r = −0.87), plant height (r = −0.79), 100-grain weight (r = −0.77), and anthocyanin concentration (r = −0.86). PCA showed a clear separation between local and commercial hybrids, explaining 46.7% of variance at 91 DAP, 52.3% at 98 DAP, 64.2% at 112 DAP, and 66.1% at 119 DAP. This study highlights the utility of VIs in maize phenotyping and genotype selection during advanced reproductive stages.

Molecular Toxonomy of Caelifera, Orthoptera from Morocco

The taxonomic analysis of Orthoptera relies on phenotypic, genotypic, and biological traits. However, outdated data hinders the accuracy of morphological identification. Creation of a genomic database focusing on the controversial Caelifera species that cause difficulty in identification is required. This study identified six species from the Moroccan Middle Atlas using both morphological and molecular traits. Analysis of two subspecies of the species viz., Dociostaurus jagoi occidentalis from the high altitudes of the Middle Atlas has led to suspension of countermeasures against these.