Training People Research Articles

The Effect of a “Design-of-Awareness” Process on Recognition of AVAS Sound of Quiet Vehicles

The development of quiet vehicles, such as hybrid and electric vehicles, has environmental benefits. However, the quietness of these vehicles may increase the risk to pedestrians, particularly those with visual impairment. We hypothesized that a “design-of-awareness” process based on the concept of sound education for hearing and recognizing the sound generated by the Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS) installed in quiet vehicles may change peoples’ attitudes toward the sound and improve their ability to detect it. To verify this hypothesis, two experiments using a quiet vehicle were conducted to examine whether participants were able to detect the AVAS sound. The results revealed that few participants were initially able to detect the AVAS sound. After the design-of-awareness process was conducted, 1 and 3 month follow-up surveys were conducted to clarify its effects and longevity. The results revealed that approximately half of the participants became able to detect the sound, and that their attitudes toward the sound were changed. In addition, the number of participants who were able to detect the sound increased over time. These results indicate that a design-of-awareness process could be helpful for training people to detect the sound of quiet vehicles.

Thoughts on the All-round Development of Individuals in Modern Education

The concept of All-round development of people has an important guiding significance for the development of modern education. Education is a kind of social activity to train people, also a basic path to inherit social culture as well as pass on social production and life experience. It is not only a way to improve the social production, but also the only method to produce well-rounded people. In this paper, the Chinese and western meanings of the All-round development of human beings were summarized, and how to realize the All-round development of human beings through modern education was explored.

The effects of computerised metacognitive cognitive bias modification training on the development of adaptive metacognitive beliefs and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms

Background and objectivesMaladaptive metacognitive beliefs are associated with the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following trauma, however it remains unclear whether training people to adopt healthy metacognitive beliefs helps to protect against the development of PTSD symptoms. We developed and tested a new cognitive bias modification training protocol (CBMMetacog) that aimed to prevent analogue PTSD by training people to adopt healthy metacognitive beliefs prior to watching a distressing film. MethodsParticipants (N = 135) received CBMMetacog or a control CBM training and then watched a trauma film. We assessed participants’ metacognitive appraisal style/beliefs, analogue PTSD symptoms, including intrusions and meta-awareness of their intrusions. ResultsCBMMetacog led participants to adopt healthier metacognitive beliefs relative to the control training. Importantly, CBMMetacog participants reported fewer film intrusions over a 7-day period compared to the control group. CBMMetacog did not increase participants’ meta-awareness of their intrusions. LimitationsAs this was the first study to manipulate metacognitive beliefs related to an analogue trauma via CBM, we chose to use a healthy participant sample. Therefore, further research is needed before these results can be generalised to clinical samples. ConclusionsOverall, these results suggest that training people to adopt healthy metacognitive beliefs, prior to trauma exposure, may help reduce vulnerability to PTSD.

A Personalized Approach Bias Modification Smartphone App ("SWiPE") to Reduce Alcohol Use: Open-Label Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effectiveness Study.

BackgroundApproach bias modification (ApBM), a computerized cognitive intervention that trains people to “avoid” alcohol-related images and “approach” nonalcohol images, reduces the likelihood of relapse when administered during residential alcohol treatment. However, most individuals experiencing alcohol problems do not require, do not seek, or have difficulty accessing residential treatment. Smartphone-delivered ApBM could offer an easily accessible intervention to reduce alcohol consumption that can be personalized (eg, allowing selection of personally relevant alcohol and positive nonalcohol training images) and gamified to optimize engagement.ObjectiveWe examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of “SWiPE,” a gamified, personalized alcohol ApBM smartphone app, and explored alcohol consumption and craving outcomes in people drinking at hazardous levels or above (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] score ≥8) who wanted to reduce their alcohol use.MethodsIn this open-label trial, frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence severity, and craving were measured prior to participants downloading SWiPE. Participants (n=1309) were instructed to complete at least 2 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Recruitment and completion rates were indicators of feasibility. Functionality, aesthetics, and quality ratings were indicators of acceptability. Participants were prompted to report frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption weekly during training and 1 month after training. They completed measures of craving and dependence after 4 weeks of training.ResultsWe recruited 1309 participants (mean age 47.0, SD 10.0 years; 758/1309, 57.9% female; mean AUDIT score 21.8, SD 6.5) over 6 months. Participants completed a median of 5 sessions (IQR 2-9); 31.2% (409/1309) completed ≥8 sessions; and 34.8% (455/1309) completed the posttraining survey. Mean Mobile Application Rating Scale scores indicated good acceptability for functionality and aesthetics and fair acceptability for subjective quality. Among those who completed the posttraining assessment, mean past-week drinking days reduced from 5.1 (SD 2.0) pre-training to 4.2 (SD 2.3) in week 4 (t454=7.87; P<.001), and mean past-week standard drinks reduced from 32.8 (SD 22.1) to 24.7 (SD 20.1; t454=8.58; P<.001). Mean Craving Experience Questionnaire frequency scores reduced from 4.5 (SD 2.0) to 2.8 (SD 1.8; t435=19.39; P<.001). Severity of Dependence scores reduced from 7.7 (SD 3.0) to 6.0 (SD 3.2; t435=12.44; P<.001). For the 19.4% (254/1309) of participants who completed a 1-month follow-up, mean past-week drinking days and standard drinks were 3.9 (SD 2.5) and 23.9 (SD 20.7), respectively, both significantly lower than at baseline (P<.001).ConclusionsThe findings suggest SWiPE is feasible and acceptable and may be effective at reducing alcohol consumption and craving in a predominantly nontreatment-seeking sample of adult Australians drinking at hazardous levels. SWiPE’s efficacy, relative to a control condition, now needs establishing in a randomized controlled trial. Smartphone-delivered personalized ApBM could be a highly scalable, widely accessible support tool for reducing alcohol use.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620000638932; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12620000638932pInternational Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/21278

Measurement of Immunological Parameters to Assess Human Body Readiness for Physical Load.

We measured the level of natural antibodies (nAb) to glutamate and GABA reflecting the balance of excitation and inhibition systems and involved in the adaptation processes in athletes receiving normalized physical activity in the dynamics of training (figure skaters, football players, and people actively involved in sports). It was found that each subject has an individual immunological profile and its parameters change in accordance with the training load. The measured levels of nAbs to GABA and glutamate correlate the physical activity of a person. The surveyed football players were divided into 3 groups according to the results of the analysis. Subjects of the first group had reliably high immunological indices in comparison with the control and were at the peak of physical form; in the third group, low immunological indices relative to the control indicated exhaustion and fatigue. The indicators of the second group corresponded to normal and demonstrated the resource of adaptation to load. The developed method can be used for assessing person's readiness for physical activity.

Mental imagery of object motion in weightlessness

Mental imagery represents a potential countermeasure for sensorimotor and cognitive dysfunctions due to spaceflight. It might help train people to deal with conditions unique to spaceflight. Thus, dynamic interactions with the inertial motion of weightless objects are only experienced in weightlessness but can be simulated on Earth using mental imagery. Such training might overcome the problem of calibrating fine-grained hand forces and estimating the spatiotemporal parameters of the resulting object motion. Here, a group of astronauts grasped an imaginary ball, threw it against the ceiling or the front wall, and caught it after the bounce, during pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight experiments. They varied the throwing speed across trials and imagined that the ball moved under Earth’s gravity or weightlessness. We found that the astronauts were able to reproduce qualitative differences between inertial and gravitational motion already on ground, and further adapted their behavior during spaceflight. Thus, they adjusted the throwing speed and the catching time, equivalent to the duration of virtual ball motion, as a function of the imaginary 0 g condition versus the imaginary 1 g condition. Arm kinematics of the frontal throws further revealed a differential processing of imagined gravity level in terms of the spatial features of the arm and virtual ball trajectories. We suggest that protocols of this kind may facilitate sensorimotor adaptation and help tuning vestibular plasticity in-flight, since mental imagery of gravitational motion is known to engage the vestibular cortex.

Apprenticeship and Learning by Doing

In France, formal guild training was not as ubiquitous a means of socializing young people into a trade as it has been portrayed by scholars. Guilds were limited geographically, and in many French cities privileged enclaves controlled by clerical or noble seigneurs curbed the sway of corporate structures, or even created their own. Eighteenth-century Bordeaux provides an extreme example of how limited guild training was in France’s fastest-growing city. The clerical reserves of Saint-Seurin and Saint-André that housed much of the region’s industrial production had quasi-corporate structures with far more open access and fewer training requirements. In Bordeaux, journeymen contested masters’ control over labor and masters trained almost no apprentices themselves. Formal apprenticeship mattered exceptionally little when it came to training people to perform a trade in Bordeaux.

Relief, Development, Empowerment Part Three: Looking at the Larger Picture Amidst a Global Pandemic

Relief, Development, Empowerment Part Three: Looking at the Larger Picture Amidst a Global Pandemic

VR Neuro Game: a Virtual Reality Game to Support Neuroanatomy Teaching and Learning

Using virtual environments (VEs) is a safer and cost-effective alternative to training people in different contexts. Immersive Virtual Reality (VR), combined with game aspects, have the potential to improve the user experience in the VE by increasing realism, engagement, and motivation. In education, there is a consensus about its contribution in the teaching and learning processes. However, in Brazil, only a few research groups have developed projects that involve the development of VR for education, due to technical difficulties and high costs. This manuscript presents the development and evaluation of an VR serious game to support the learning of neuroanatomy, an extended version of our previously published paper at the SVR 2020. In this version, we present the results of four different user studies, involving 57 participants, which suggest that the VR Neuro Game is easy to use, even by inexperienced subjects in VR, and is potentially useful for teaching and learning processes, both by individual students and groups of students and also in remote learning. In addition, the game was considered fun and did not cause discomfort. When comparing the knowledge test performance before and immediately after the experiments, we found significant difference only for the virtual condition. The same could be observed for retention results.

Digitalization and Future Agro-Food Supply Chain Management: A Literature-Based Implications

Achieving transition towards sustainable and resilient food systems is a critical issue on the current societal agenda. This study examined the potential contribution of digitalization of the food system to such transition by reviewing 76 relevant journal articles, indexed on the Scopus database, using the integrative literature review approach and descriptive content analysis with MAXQDA 2020 software. ‘Blockchain’ was the top hit among keywords and main concepts applied to the food system. The UK as a country and Europe as a continent were found to lead the scientific research on food system digitalization. Use of digital technologies such as blockchain, the Internet of Things, big-data analytics, artificial intelligence, and related information and communications technologies were identified as enablers. Traceability, sustainability, resilience to crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and reducing food waste were among the key benefit areas associated with digitalization for different food commodities. Challenges to practical applications related to infrastructure and cost, knowledge and skill, law and regulations, the nature of the technologies, and the nature of the food system were identified. Developing policies and regulations, supporting infrastructure development, and educating and training people could facilitate fuller digitalization of the food system.

Brief communication: Effective earthquake early warning systems: appropriate messaging and public awareness roles

Abstract. The earthquake early warning systems (EEWSs) in China have achieved great progress, with warning alerts being successfully delivered to the public in some regions. We examined the performance of the EEWS in China's Sichuan Province during the 2019 Changning earthquake. Although its technical effectiveness was tested with the first alert released 10 s after the earthquake, we found that a big gap existed between the EEWS's message and the public's response. We highlight the importance of EEWS alert effectiveness and public participation for long-term resiliency, such as delivering useful alert messages through appropriate communication channels and training people to understand and properly respond.

GENERATIVE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN AN AGRICULTURAL LEADERSHIP PROGRAM

Adult agricultural leadership programs (ALP) train people to address the needs of a diversifying society with pressing social, economic, environmental, and political challenges. Additionally, these programs offer transformative learning experiences that lead to a greater capacity of current and prospective leaders to become change agents in their communities. In a profession where vitality, strength, and perseverance are fundamental, the agricultural industry needs leaders who remain aware of the foundational knowledge contributed by their predecessors. At the same time, it also necessitates innovation that may revolutionize the agricultural industry for decades to come. In this mixed-method study, we asked participants of a state-based ALP to complete the Loyola Generativity Scale (N=48) that measures generative concern, with higher scores indicating stronger generative concern. Survey results (N=48) indicated average overall generative concern. However, there was a considerable variation among participants, scores ranging from 45 to 77. To understand the range of attitudes, we conducted interviews (N=11) with ALP participants. Generativity Theory provided the foundation of our qualitative analysis. We identified how participants are acting generatively in their leadership roles by promoting the sustainability of agriculture through social engagement, capitalizing on opportunities for teaching and learning, and expanding social capital through intergenerational professional networks. From this research, scholars and practitioners will gain a more nuanced understanding of how this ALP is facilitating generative leadership among today’s leaders so they may continue transforming their industry by connecting generational cohorts through the transmission of experience, knowledge, and expertise.

How Higher Education Institutions Are Driving to Digital Transformation: A Case Study

In recent years, the rapid development of technological innovation has transformed the business world. Digital transformation improves the economic positioning of companies, contributing to society and the environment, but beyond technological evolution, it also brings social and cultural changes. With the new trends, companies saw the need to train people with digital skills and higher education institutions (HEIs) were forced to change their teaching methods to keep up with the new demands of the labour market. In this context, it is intended to identify the influence that HEIs play in the digital development of regions, in this case, the influence of Public Polytechnic Institutes of Porto in the development of the Metropolitan Area of Porto. The methodology adopted to answer the objectives of this study and research questions formulated, was an exploratory study, using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The results obtained allowed us to verify the positive influence of HEIs in the digital development of the Metropolitan Area of Porto. As well as identify the motivations that lead companies to participate in digital transformation initiatives, identify the skills needed to meet the demands of the labour market and identify the efforts made by HEIs to keep up with the digital evolution of society.

Boosting carrier transfer at flexible schottky junctions with moisture: A strategy for high-performance wearable direct-current nanogenerators

The development of high-performance direct-current (DC) nanogenerators with good flexibility in wearable devices has always been a major challenge. A potential solution is developing the flexible Schottky nanogenerators to output DC power by introducing Schottky interfaces between metals and flexible semiconductors to directionally transfer the mechanically excited carriers. However, the DC output of existing flexible Schottky nanogenerators is limited by the moderate carrier transfer at the interface. Herein, we propose the utilization of moisture-induced electric field to boost carrier transfer at Schottky interface. This strategy is demonstrated viable in a flexible Schottky junctions comprising of an asymmetric graphene oxide (aGO) layer and an aluminum foil, which works by a new mechanism and outperforms existing flexible semiconductor-based DC nanogenerators by several orders of magnitude in both current density (81.06 A m−2) and power density (24.08 W m−2) and the mechanic-to-electricity conversion efficiency can achieve to 2.29%. In addition, because the nanogenerator can respond to both moisture and mechanical changes, it can also serve as a self-powered sensor to monitor human respiratory and body surface sweat levels simultaneously, so as to guide people in training more scientifically. This strategy would initiate a direction of next-generation wearable nanogenerators and sensors.

Labour Market and Educational Services Trends in Post-Conflict Territories of Ukraine

Promotion of youth employment, especially in the post-conflict territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine, is one of the key global problems of a country that is a challenge to its sustainable development. Higher education institutions play an important role in this process. They form the labour potential for the development of a region. However, their activities do not always correspond to their (regional) needs. Studies on employment experience and labour mobility of graduates of higher education establishments in Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine evidence of the extremely high rate of re-profiling of young graduates and / or their migration to other regions of the country or abroad. This article proposes a number of measures, including within the framework of educational reform, to be implemented to reduce youth unemployment both in the region and in Ukraine as a whole. It is noted that it is advisable to intensify the processes of supporting the initiatives of young people in post-graduate vocational training and employment, encouraging them to actively seek employment and to acquire a profession or occupation in demand in the labour market. Attention is drawn to the need for awareness-raising and education in this regard. It is argued that measures aimed at preventing the migration of scientists should be included in national policy documents. It is suggested that special attention be given to the programme approach, which should form the basis of a legal mechanism to promote the preservation of the region’s intellectual potential.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR MELALUI TRADISI ANYAMAN PANDAN DI GAMPONG PEUNAGA RAYEUK KECAMATAN MEUREUBO KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT PROVINSI ACEH

The coastal area of Gampoeng Peunaga Raryeuk has a lot of potential for pandanus plants and is good for use as raw material for making pandanus woven. The people of Gampoeng Peunaga Rayeuk generally have weaving skills that have been passed down from generation to generation. However, so far the weaving activities have temporarily dimmed due to less varied product yields, thus affecting weak market power. In connection with the phenomenon in the field, training and community empowerment were carried out. The aim is to train people to make various plaits using pandan leaves that are around. This training activity uses demonstration and lecture methods. It is hoped that new jobs will be created, especially in the economic and agricultural fields for the people who live in Peunaga Rayek Village, Meureubo District, West Aceh Regency.

XÂY DỰNG ĐỘI NGŨ GIÁO VIÊN ĐỦ “ĐỨC” VÀ “TÀI” THEO LỜI DẠY CỦA CHỦ TỊCH HỒ CHÍ MINH

During his lifetime, President Ho Chi Minh paid special attention to building a new education system in order to train people of comprehensive development. In the process of leading the revolution, He highly appreciated the role and way of developing the teaching staff who were both “moral” and “skillful”, both “virtuous” and “talented”. His views light the way for the management, examination, evaluation, selection of teachers, improvement of training quality, strengthening pedagogical knowledge and capacity for teachers to meet the requirements of today's educational career.

Kinetics and Kinematics of Working Trials Dogs: The Impact of Long Jump Length on Peak Vertical Landing Force and Joint Angulation.

Simple SummaryWorking trials is a competitive canine discipline based on work originating from military and police dog work. Working trials competitions include dogs clearing a 9 ft long jump. Jumping over hurdle jumps or long jumps has the potential to cause injuries to the front limbs of dogs, and different jump heights can cause changes to landing forces and the angle of joints on landing. Little is known about the impact of the 9 ft long jump on landing force and joint angles in dogs. In this study, we aimed to determine whether altering the length of the long jump impacted dogs’ landing forces or joint angles. There was no relationship between the length of long jump and landing forces or joint angulation on landing, however, the greatest joint compression was observed on landing after traversing 9 ft. The dogs showed lots of individual variability. We recommend further research is undertaken to examine this individual variability and the effect of training and experience in working trials participants, to enable evidence-based recommendations for those training and competing dogs in working trials.Working trials is a competitive canine discipline based on work undertaken by military and police dogs. A 9 ft long jump is a key component of the discipline. Research into landing forces and joint angulation in other canine disciplines has highlighted the potential for the occurrence of soft tissue injuries, predominantly in the front limbs. There is a paucity of work into the impact of spread/long jumps on joint angulation and peak vertical force (PVF) on landing, and limited research on working trials dogs generally. This study aimed to determine whether altering the length of the long jump impacted PVF and apparent joint angulation upon landing. 21 dogs regularly competing in working trials cleared the long jump at three lengths: 9 ft (full length), 8 ft, and 7 ft. The impact of altered long jump length on the PVF, apparent shoulder and carpus angulation, and duration of landing, were analysed using general linear mixed models. There was no significant relationship between the length of the long jump and PVF or joint angulation on landing (p > 0.05). Greatest joint compression was observed on landing after clearing 9 ft. Individual variability in landing joint angulation, PVF and force distribution of the left and right front limbs on landing was observed across all three experimental lengths. We recommend further research is undertaken to examine individual variability and the effect of training and experience in working trials participants, to provide evidence-based recommendations for training people and competing dogs in this discipline.

Watching readers reading

ABSTRACT The reason why media affected culture so radically, Marshall McLuhan contended, was that the advent of a medium like print or television had the power to rebalance human ‘sense-ratios.’ This paper explores what he meant by such a puzzling assertion. To do so, it places his claim in the context of a ‘science of reading’ that had developed in the earlier twentieth century and become a ubiquitous element in North Americans’ educational experiences. Practitioners of this science used two kinds of instruments – eye-tracking devices and tachistoscopes – to analyze reading habits and train people to read both faster and better. In particular, an experimental psychologist named Samuel Renshaw adopted this science not only to train student readers, but to create a comprehensive practical science of sensory rebalancing. McLuhan learned about this practice and its intellectual ambitions when he visited Renshaw while drafting the first version of Understanding Media. Partly as a result, the sensory principles that scientists of reading believed to govern human creativity came to occupy a central part in his media theory of the 1960s.

PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION

This article aims to discuss and reflect on the formation proposals through Vocational and Technological Education in Brazil. Considering that this type of education has historically been directed towards the training of workers, we ask: Has professional training formed people considering the human development of critical awareness of reality or just labour for the capitalist production system? What formative bases are sufficient to train people in an emancipatory perspective? To answer these questions, we use mainly the ideas of Marx and Engels (1847); Marx (1985); Manacorda (2010); Gramsci (1968); Luckaks (1976); Frigotto (2006, 2018), Saviani (1991), as well as legislations and other authors who discuss the subject. This text is the result of a literature review and demonstrates the need for emancipatory formation proposals that interest the working class.