Training System Research Articles

Research on Online Condition monitoring for Complex System based on Modified Broad Learning Systems

Complex systems contain numerous interacting components, thus deep learning methods with powerful performance and complex structure are often used to achieve condition monitoring. However, the deep learning methods are always too time-consuming and hardware-demanding to be loaded into complex systems for online training and updates. To achieve accurate and timely monitoring of complex system state, based on broad learning system (BLS), an online condition monitoring method is proposed in this paper. General BLSs are based on a randomly generated hidden-layer, usually perform poorly in high-dimensional data classification tasks. In this work, based on correlation and causality, two modified BLSs are proposed and mixed to establish the online monitoring system. Specifically, logistic regression (LR) and structural causal model (SCM) are considered to form rough predictions of the system state, thus to replace the randomly generated ones with no practical significance. The effectiveness of the proposed online monitoring method is verified by both simulation data and real data.

Sports game teaching and high precision sports training system based on virtual reality technology

Sports can combine virtual reality technology with high-precision training to enhance the training effectiveness of users. In view of the current problems of insufficient physical quality and lack of exercise motivation faced by college students, this paper aims to explore a new type of college sports game teaching model through the integration of virtual reality technology. This is to improve students 'physical exercise efficiency and subjective initiative. This study constructed an experiential sports game model by applying posture recognition technology and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The research indicated that the error accuracy with residual structure added will quickly decrease. When calculating the error, the overall error decreased by 6 mm. The proposed method can accurately distinguish human behavior in motion and trajectories in the motion area. The motion capture accuracy was high, and the deformation amount met the teaching needs of higher education institutions for sports game teaching. The contribution of this study is the significant improvement in the accuracy of motion capture, resulting in a total error reduction to 6 mm. This improvement ensured that the model can accurately distinguish between motion behavior and trajectory. The cumulative variance explanation rate of the scale reached 712.407 %, which was far more than that of the traditional model, and fully covered and explained the questionnaire information. Through the comparative test with four knowledge tracking models, the effectiveness and superiority of the sports game teaching mode integrated with virtual reality technology were verified.

Systematic analysis of the functional features of the information and analytical system of the professional development of the communicative culture of documents

The need for systematic analysis of information and analytical systems in the fields of knowledge education/pedagogical sciences, socio-behavioral sciences and culture and art has been updated. The conceptual-categorical apparatus of the system analysis of the functionality of the information-analytical system of the professional development of the communicative culture of document editors is singled out. The concept of "informational and analytical system" has been clarified, the definition of "informational and analytical system of higher education institutions" has been specified. The goal of formation and target tasks of the information and analytical system of higher education institutions, its structure and factors of regulation are disclosed, the structural components of the system are established. The methodical apparatus of the system approach in information-analytical activity and the subject area of research of the system analysis of the information-analytical system of the professional development of document editors have been clarified. The classification features of system-forming characteristics, which are the subject of system analysis, are singled out. A systematic approach was applied to determine the functional structure of the system. Management functions have been updated, classification features of management functionality have been highlighted. In the course of the system analysis, the functional features of the information- analytical system of professional training and development of the communicative culture of document editors were classified, namely the functions: law-enforcing legal protection of social guarantees of the national and global dimension; political- administrative by types and types of policies of different levels of management; socio-economic connection to ensure the effectiveness of the policy of sustainable development; cultural and artistic academic culture; supervisory sphere of technical regulation; serving from the service of legal and social protection of participants in educational and research processes.

Physical training and sports of mia cadets: problems and prospects

The article is dedicated to analyzing the current state of physical training among cadets in the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) system. It discusses the main challenges faced by cadets during their training and preparation, as well as highlights potential avenues for improving this process. The authors examine various aspects of physical training and sports activities for cadets, while also proposing ways to overcome challenges and enhance the effectiveness of education. This work holds significant importance for the development of methodologies and programs for physical training within the MIA system, contributing to the overall improvement of physical f itness and professional skills among cadets.
 The physical preparation of law enforcement cadets is an urgent issue that requires attention and research. In the context of the increasing complexity and diversity of tasks faced by modern law enforcement officers, it is crucial to understand the role and significance of their physical training. Defining key terms and concepts in this context allows for a precise examination of the research's key aspects. Terms such as "physical training," "law enforcement cadets," and "effectiveness of professional activities" are defined and explained in the introduction, providing a foundation for further analysis and discussion.
 In the article, the authors not only identify problems but also propose potential solutions and enhancements. Specifically, they explore the possibilities of using modern methods and programs of physical training, as well as the prospects for implementing new approaches, such as innovative training systems or programs utilizing state-of-the-art technologies.
 The justification for the importance of physical training for law enforcement cadets is based on the thesis that it not only contributes to maintaining physical health but also serves as a key element of successful professional activities. In line with the requirements of the modern social environment and the challenges arising in the execution of law enforcement functions, high physical fitness is a crucial factor for effectively responding to unforeseen situations and ensuring public safety.

Library in the Space of Social Transformations: Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Challenges of Digitalization

The purpose of the article is to reveal, in the genre of a personal interview, the opinion of the Director General of the Russian State Library, V.V. Duda, about the challenges that cultural heritage institutions face today, without which it is impossible to form the identity of the peoples of Russia. The peculiarity of the current moment lies not only in the need to perform its traditional function of collecting, preserving and making available the books and documents stored in the library, but also in modernization, taking into account the possibilities of digitalization, acceleration of traditional processes, diversity of services and increasing the level of comfort in serving users.The use of the interview method has certain advantages in the context of social transformation, as it is essentially a method of qualitative analysis of the situation. Targeted questions focus on specific areas of the library’s activities in the development of artificial intelligence, digital bibliography, the importance of constant contact and discourse between humanities scholars and IT staff. What kind of specialists should work in a library today, what should be the system of library staff training, how and what can help libraries in new territories, how to be creative but remain on the foundation of traditional values and creativity — these and other questions were echoed in V.V. Duda’s answers.It is important to emphasize the need to unite the efforts of the library community within the framework of the Russian Library Association, to increase its organizational role and project activity in solving the state task of developing the country’s intellectual capital.

Library in the Space of Social Transformations: Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Challenges of Digitalization

The purpose of the article is to reveal, in the genre of a personal interview, the opinion of the Director General of the Russian State Library, V.V. Duda, about the challenges that cultural heritage institutions face today, without which it is impossible to form the identity of the peoples of Russia. The peculiarity of the current moment lies not only in the need to perform its traditional function of collecting, preserving and making available the books and documents stored in the library, but also in modernization, taking into account the possibilities of digitalization, acceleration of traditional processes, diversity of services and increasing the level of comfort in serving users.The use of the interview method has certain advantages in the context of social transformation, as it is essentially a method of qualitative analysis of the situation. Targeted questions focus on specific areas of the library’s activities in the development of artificial intelligence, digital bibliography, the importance of constant contact and discourse between humanities scholars and IT staff. What kind of specialists should work in a library today, what should be the system of library staff training, how and what can help libraries in new territories, how to be creative but remain on the foundation of traditional values and creativity — these and other questions were echoed in V.V. Duda’s answers.It is important to emphasize the need to unite the efforts of the library community within the framework of the Russian Library Association, to increase its organizational role and project activity in solving the state task of developing the country’s intellectual capital.

New allocation system for foundation training leaves doctors demoralised before they’ve even started work

New allocation system for foundation training leaves doctors demoralised before they’ve even started work

СТАНОВЛЕННЯ І РОЗВИТОК СИСТЕМИ НАВЧАННЯ ДОРОСЛИХ МІГРАНТІВ У КАНАДІ

Canada has considerable experience in integrating migrants, including adults, into its society and labour market. In view of this, the purpose of the article is to highlight the path and changes that took place during the formation and development of the adult migrant education system. The author has found out that an adult migrant does not differ from a typical adult student in terms of goals, needs, and preferences for choosing various educational programs or training courses. At the same time, it has been noted that an adult migrant has slightly different motives and a stronger motivation to continue studying further. These are determined by various social and personal factors. The article provides a detailed list of these factors and offers a brief description. In view of the above, it has been traced how the educational needs of adult migrants were taken into account within the adult education system of Canada. Also, the process has been characterized at various stages of the formation and development of the Canadian adult education and training system. The following three stages have been distinguished: language courses for adult migrants without andragogic principles of education; the development of civic education and the introduction of the principles of adult education into the practice of language courses; integration of educational opportunities of formal, non-formal and informal education. Each stage introduced both positive and negative changes in the system of adult migrants’ education, which were characterized and substantiated. Prospects for further research related to the analysis of Canada’s educational opportunities for the integration of Ukrainian migrants who were forced to become refugees due to the war are determined.

Research the experience of using gamification in corporate learning

ABSTRACT The article is devoted to the experts’ assessment of the application of gamification in corporate training. It analyzes the experiences of companies that use gamification in training their employees, as well as the survey of experts (n = 81) in the field of corporate training. The aim of the study was to identify common strategies for the application of gamification in the context of corporate training. The results of the study showed that gamification can be a useful tool in corporate training, but the individual characteristics of each company and its employees should be taken into account. The study can be useful for companies planning to implement gamification in their training system, as well as for researchers studying the effectiveness of innovative learning methods in the context of corporate culture.

Design and development of a personalized virtual reality-based training system for vascular intervention surgery

Background and objectivesVirtual training has emerged as an exceptionally effective approach for training healthcare practitioners in the field of vascular intervention surgery. By providing a simulated environment and blood vessel model that enables repeated practice, virtual training facilitates the acquisition of surgical skills in a safe and efficient manner for trainees. However, the current state of research in this area is characterized by limitations in the fidelity of blood vessel and guidewire models, which restricts the effectiveness of training. Additionally, existing approaches lack the necessary real-time responsiveness and precision, while the blood vessel models suffer from incompleteness and a lack of scientific rigor. MethodsTo address these challenges, this paper integrates position-based dynamics (PBD) and its extensions, shape matching, and Cosserat elastic rods. By combining these approaches within a unified particle framework, accurate and realistic deformation simulation of personalized blood vessel and guidewire models is achieved, thereby enhancing the training experience. Furthermore, a multi-level progressive continuous collision detection method, leveraging spatial hashing, is proposed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of collision detection. ResultsOur proposed blood vessel model demonstrated acceptable performance with the reduced deformation simulation response times of 7 ms, improving the real-time capability at least of 43.75 %. Experimental validation confirmed that the guidewire model proposed in this paper can dynamically adjust the density of its elastic rods to alter the degree of bending and torsion. It also exhibited a deformation process comparable to that of real guidewires, with an average response time of 6 ms. In the interaction of blood vessel and guidewire models, the simulator blood vessel model used for coronary vascular intervention training exhibited an average response time of 15.42 ms, with a frame rate of approximately 64 FPS. ConclusionsThe method presented in this paper achieves deformation simulation of both vascular and guidewire models, demonstrating sufficient real-time performance and accuracy. The interaction efficiency between vascular and guidewire models is enhanced through the unified simulation framework and collision detection. Furthermore, it can be integrated with virtual training scenarios within the system, making it suitable for developing more advanced vascular interventional surgery training systems.

The Siberian regional branch of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences is on guard of the agro-industrial complex of Siberia (1969–2015)

A brief historical background on the activities of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1969–2015 as a center of scientific support of the agro-industrial complex of Siberia is presented: the leading scientists, the structure of the branch, territorial scientific centers, the results of work and achievements of the scientific institutions under the jurisdiction of the branch in the field of economics, farming, crop production, animal husbandry, veterinary medicine, automation, mechanization and electrification of agriculture, processing of agricultural products. The system of scientific personnel training is shown, the main link of which is the Small Agricultural Academy. The main directions of integration of the branch's activities with the research institutions of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and universities of the region, as well as the directions of international cooperation are listed. The book-publishing activities of the branch, the scientific journal "Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science" and the newspaper "Kolos Sibiri" are described.

Development of ballroom choreographic culture in Ukraine in the 2010s–2020s

The purpose of the study is to reveal the consequences of the challenges of the 2020s, namely the COVID-19 pandemic and full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation with partial occupation of territory, migration of population, expansion of zone of battle actions and the threat of aerial attacks for the entire country. All this had an impact on the ballroom choreographic culture in Ukraine.
 The methodology is based on the principles of a system-synergistic approach. The main methods applied were participant observation, analysis, generalization and systematization of the authors’ many years of dance, organizational and pedagogical experience.
 The results. The challenges of the 2020s, namely the COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation with partial occupation of the territory, population migration, expansion of the combat zone and regular missile terror throughout the country, have significantly affected the ballroom dance culture of Ukraine, in particular, changed the country’s dance map, limiting and partially making it impossible to hold competitions and training in the combat zone and eastern regions that are unprotected from sudden missile attacks. The socio-political upheaval has prompted the Ukrainian dance community to seek national self-identification, giving rise to the creation of imaginative and meaningful compositions through ballroom dance that would embody the pressing issues of our time, including the themes of war, occupation and the challenges they have caused. At the same time, the national organization system of the ballroom dance tournaments and training process has revealed significant shortcomings. In particular, the problem of upgrading to an international class of dancing in the context of the pandemic and then the war, which was felt in previous years, made it impossible for dancers in the eastern regions of Ukraine to develop, as they were deprived of the opportunity to regularly participate in competitions.
 The scientific novelty of the study is to analyze the modern tournament and training system of sports ballroom choreography in Ukraine in the last decade and to identify the problems that hinder the development of this type of dance art and have become especially acute during the challenges of the 2020s.
 The practical significance. Some provisions of the article can be used for updating Ukrainian ballroom dance competitions in accordance with current social and political conditions.
 Prospects for further research. A number of problems require scientific and theoretical comprehension, in particular, the place of ballroom dance in Ukrainian culture, its philosophy, images, styles, principles and expressive means of dance composition. The methodology of dancer’s physical training, based on the peculiarities of sports ballroom dance, requires separate research.

Book Name: Effective Training Systems, Strategies, and Practices

"Effective Training Systems, Strategies, and Practices" by P. Nick Blanchard and James W. Thacker stands out as an exceptionally well-crafted guide for designing and implementing impactful training programs. The authors, seasoned experts in the field, offer a comprehensive overview of training methodologies, making it an invaluable resource for creating meaningful learning experiences. A notable strength lies in the book's practical orientation. Moving beyond theory, the authors provide real-world examples and case studies to illustrate the application of different training strategies. This not only enriches understanding but also offers actionable insights applicable across diverse organizational contexts. The text also addresses the pivotal role of technology in contemporary training programs. Blanchard and Thacker explore the integration of e-learning, virtual reality, and other cutting-edge tools, emphasizing the need to adapt training systems to the digital age. This forward-looking perspective ensures the book remains relevant and aligns with the evolving landscape of training and development. The book starts by establishing a strong foundation, covering essential training principles, historical evolution, and factors influencing effective learning. Blanchard and Thacker's meticulous approach ensures accessibility for readers new to the subject, making the content suitable for a broad audience.

The lesson as a leading didactic unit for structuring the content of the methodological training of future teachers of biology and the basics of health in the conditions of blended learning

The realities of school practice put forward new requirements for the quality of methodical training of future teachers of biology and the basics of health. A combination of various forms of organization of the educational process, transitional stage of implementation of model training programs, completion of studies according to the State Standard of basic and full general secondary education are the main ones. Updating the content of methodical training, its structuring and design are the important conditions for ensuring high quality.This study aimed to investigate the features of structuring the content of methodical training of future teachers of biology and the basics of health in the conditions of blended learning. Research methods were used: a comprehensive analysis of scientific and methodological sources, an analysis of the school practice of teaching biology and the practice of training future teachers of biology and the basics of health in higher education institutions, synthesis, comparison, abstraction. This structuring is based on the select of the leading didactic unit – the lesson. Analysis of the experience of training future teachers makes it possible to state that the use of blended learning technologies is developing both in the process of professional and methodical training. The main task of the teacher in blended learning is methodical design of the educational component as a result of action and experience gained during its mastery.The select of didactic units of content structuring and further design of the methodical training process are the basic theoretical basis for the development of a modern system of methodical training of future teachers of biology and the basics of health. Methodical skills in designing and conducting lessons are main skills of a teacher. In our opinion, the leading didactic unit of structuring is the lesson as the main form of teaching biology. The peculiarities of structuring the content of laboratory classes on the methodology of teaching biology and human health in the conditions of blended learning were described.

PRACTICAL APPROACH IN DELIVERING THEME "AUTONOMIC REFLEXES AND THEIR CLINICAL APPLICATION" AT THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY, POLTEVE STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

In the system of higher medical education, physiology is a fundamental discipline and occupies an important place in the system of training highly qualified medical specialists. In the system of higher medical education, physiology stands as a cornerstone discipline, holding a pivotal role in shaping the competencies of future medical professionals. The scientific and pedagogical staff at the Department of Physiology, Poltava State Medical University, is dedicated to nurturing students' capacity to analyze and synthesize both theoretical and practical knowledge, laying the groundwork for clinical acumen in future specialists. This article presents a hands-on approach to teaching the topic "Autonomic Reflexes and Their Clinical Applications" within the contemporary educational landscape, targeting second-year master's and first-year bachelor's students. Highlighting the practical significance of this topic in the future medical practice, it underscores how mastering autonomic reflexes equips students with the skills to influence internal organ activity and administer emergency medical care. Such an approach not only fosters student engagement with the subject matter but also cultivates a deeper appreciation for physiology as a whole. The article outlines the instructional principles, spanning from theoretical discourse to practical exercises, emphasizing the integral role of physiology in higher medical education. By advocating for the study of physiology as a foundational science, the article underscores its role in fostering interdisciplinary integration and shaping clinical reasoning—an essential aspect of quality medical training in today's educational landscape.

Extraction of object-action and object-state associations from Knowledge Graphs

Infusing autonomous artificial systems with knowledge about the physical world they inhabit is a critical and long-held aim for the Artificial Intelligence community. Training systems with relevant data is a typical approach; however, finding the data required is not always possible, especially when much of this knowledge is commonsense. In this paper, we present a comparison of topology-based and semantics-based methods for extracting information about object-action and object-state association relations from knowledge graphs, such as ConceptNet, WordNet, ATOMIC, YAGO, WebChild and DBpedia. Moreover, we propose a novel method for extracting information about object-action and object-state associations from knowledge graphs. Our method is composed of a set of techniques for locating, enriching, evaluating, cleaning and exposing knowledge from such resources, relying on semantic similarity methods. Some important aspects of our method are the flexibility in deciding how to deal with the noise that exists in the data, and the capability to determine the importance of a path through training, rather than through manual annotation.

Preventing Catastrophic Cyber–Physical Attacks on the Global Maritime Transportation System: A Case Study of Hybrid Maritime Security in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore

This paper examines hybrid threats to maritime transportation systems and their governance responses; focusing on the congested Straits of Malacca and Singapore (SOMS) as an illustrative case study. The methodology combines secondary sources with primary data from 42 expert interviews, a 28 respondent survey, and two maritime security roundtables. Key findings were that ships’ critical systems are increasingly interconnected, yet aging IT infrastructure and minimal cybersecurity awareness among crews heighten risks. Meanwhile, regional terrorist groups have previously targeted shipping and shown considerable skill in exploiting online tools, aligning with broader calls for jihadist violence. Furthermore, opportunistic piracy persists in the SOMS with the potential to disrupt shipping. Experts confirmed that maritime cybersecurity lags behind other critical infrastructure sectors and needs updated governance. Initial International Maritime Organization (IMO) guidelines lack specificity but revisions and updated IMO guidance are in process, while Port state implementation of maritime cybersecurity standards varies. Crucially, information sharing remains inadequate, even as recorded attacks increase. Findings underscore that although major hybrid incidents have not occurred, simulations and threat actors’ capabilities demonstrate potential for catastrophic collisions or cascading disruption in congested waterways. Mitigating factors like redundancy and crew training are deficient currently. Some alignment between SOMS states on maritime security cooperation exists, but not on cyber threats specifically. Key recommendations include an anonymous cyber attack reporting system, reinforced training and shipboard systems, and consolidated regional frameworks. Until these priorities are addressed, the analysis concludes that hybrid vulnerabilities in this vital global chokepoint remain a serious concern.

Nurse and midwife involvement in task-sharing and telehealth service delivery models in primary care: A scoping review.

To synthesise and map current evidence on nurse and midwife involvement in task-sharing service delivery, including both face-to-face and telehealth models, in primary care. This scoping review was informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Methodology for Scoping Reviews. Five databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to 16 January 2024, and articles were screened for inclusion in Covidence by three authors. Findings were mapped according to the research questions and review outcomes such as characteristics of models, health and economic outcomes, and the feasibility and acceptability of nurse-led models. One hundred peer-reviewed articles (as 99 studies) were deemed eligible for inclusion. Task-sharing models existed for a range of conditions, particularly diabetes and hypertension. Nurse-led models allowed nurses to work to the extent of their practice scope, were acceptable to patients and providers, and improved health outcomes. Models can be cost-effective, and increase system efficiencies with supportive training, clinical set-up and regulatory systems. Some limitations to telehealth models are described, including technological issues, time burden and concerns around accessibility for patients with lower technological literacy. Nurse-led models can improve health, economic and service delivery outcomes in primary care and are acceptable to patients and providers. Appropriate training, funding and regulatory systems are essential for task-sharing models with nurses to be feasible and effective. Nurse-led models are one strategy to improve health equity and access; however, there is a scarcity of literature on what these models look like and how they work in the primary care setting. Evidence suggests these models can also improve health outcomes, are perceived to be feasible and acceptable, and can be cost-effective. Increased utilisation of nurse-led models should be considered to address health system challenges and improve access to essential primary healthcare services globally. This review is reported against the PRISMA-ScR criteria. No patient or public contribution. The study protocol is published in BJGP Open (Moulton etal., 2022).

Programming of technical and tactical training of young football players 14-15 years old in the annual cycle of training

It was found that at any of the stages of long-term football training, there is the preparation of football players for competitive activities, where technical and tactical actions have a significant weighting factor, the mastery of which, a priori, is impossible without planning technical-tactical classes in the training process of young football players. The purpose of the work is to program the technical and tactical training of young football players aged 14-15 in the annual cycle of training. The methodological basis of the research was: theoretical analysis and generalization of the experience of sports practice in matters of technique and tactics, technical and tactical training of young football players; pedagogical methods, the method of surveying football coaches; programmatic approach. The scientific novelty of the study is the creation of an approximate program of technical and tactical training of young football players aged 14-15 in the annual training cycle. With the help of the analysis of scientific and methodical literature, the questionnaire method, the importance of technical and tactical training in the process of development and formation of sportsmanship of young football players for the coaching workshop was determined. Using the advice of V.V. Nikolayenko and M.I. Vorobyov (2023) regarding the quality and effectiveness of the training process aimed at the individual development and education of a creative player, conducting educational and training sessions in the form of games against a heightened emotional background, implementing a phased (gradual) system of technical and tactical training of young football players, developed an indicative program of technical - tactical training for young football players 14-15 years old in the annual cycle of training. Taking into account the recommendations of the Technical Department of the Football Association of Ukraine not to divide the annual cycle of training into periods for young football players up to 15 years of age, a rotation of weekly classes, which had a cyclical nature during the month, was proposed. The program is valid for the "school" period from September to June inclusive.

Main scientific approaches to teaching special physical training of future security officers of Ukraine

The article substantiates the system of basic scientific approaches to teaching special physical training to future SSU officers, highlights the theoretical foundations and examines the state and formation of the content of special physical training of future SSU operational officers, and suggests ways to improve this area of work in the agency's higher education institutions.
 The current stage of the SSU reform is aimed at intensifying the process of training of servicemen. One of its priority areas is to strengthen the applied orientation of physical education, which will contribute to the development and improvement of special physical qualities of future officers, the formation of skills for effective actions in combat groups and individually in conditions of increased risk and difficult operational environment. The physical fitness of officers allows them to maintain their performance and skills of effective management of subordinates in stressful situations encountered in the performance of operational and service tasks. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to optimize the process of cadets' physical training and to form their readiness to perform complex professional tasks.
 One of the most important areas of the SSU's development is the formation of an operative's personality and physical qualities, which affects the level of professionalism of the entire agency. In the course of combat missions, it is the physical fitness of servicemen that helps to maintain health and increase resistance to dangerous factors. It is no coincidence that in recent years, physical culture has been increasingly referred to not only as an independent social phenomenon, but also as a stable quality of personality. The ways to improve the system of special physical training through standardization of learning outcomes, integration of combat training elements into a single integrated training system are identified.