Training Sessions Research Articles

Renal excretion of 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) in firefighting instructors after exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during live fire training

Exposure of firefighting instructors to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene is unavoidable during live fire training. The study aimed to investigate naphthalene uptake by measuring the urinary excretion of the naphthalene metabolite 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN), to describe the DHN elimination kinetics and to evaluate the results by comparison to further biomarkers of PAH exposure. N = 6 male non-smoking firefighting instructors completed five training sessions each in a residential fire simulation unit under respiratory protection. All participants provided two urine samples before and another seven samples within an 18-h-interval after each session. DHN was detected by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) in all samples (n = 237) with median concentrations ranging from 3.3 µg/g crea. (range 0.9–10.2) before exposure to 134.2 µg/g crea. (43.4–380.4) post exposure. Maximum elimination found 3.3 h (median) after onset of exposure decreased with a mean half-life of 6.6 h to 27.1 µg/g crea. (15.7–139.5) 18 h after training. DHN sensitively indicated a presumed dermal naphthalene intake during training, showing similar elimination kinetics like other naphthalene metabolites. Internal exposure of the participants transiently exceeded exposures determined for non-smokers in the general population, but was lower than at other workplaces with PAH exposure. Despite limited uptake, accumulation is possible with daily exposure.

A Residual Deep Learning Method for Accurate and Efficient Recognition of Gym Exercise Activities Using Electromyography and IMU Sensors

The accurate and efficient recognition of gym workout activities using wearable sensors holds significant implications for assessing fitness levels, tailoring personalized training regimens, and overseeing rehabilitation progress. This study introduces CNN-ResBiGRU, a novel deep learning architecture that amalgamates residual and hybrid methodologies, aiming to precisely categorize gym exercises based on multimodal sensor data. The primary goal of this model is to effectively identify various gym workouts by integrating convolutional neural networks, residual connections, and bidirectional gated recurrent units. Raw electromyography and inertial measurement unit data collected from wearable sensors worn by individuals during strength training and gym sessions serve as inputs for the CNN-ResBiGRU model. Initially, convolutional neural network layers are employed to extract unique features in both temporal and spatial dimensions, capturing localized patterns within the sensor outputs. Subsequently, the extracted features are fed into the ResBiGRU component, leveraging residual connections and bidirectional processing to capture the exercise activities’ long-term temporal dependencies and contextual information. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated using the Myogym dataset, comprising data from 10 participants engaged in 30 distinct gym activities. The model achieves a classification accuracy of 97.29% and an F1-score of 92.68%. Ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of the convolutional neural network and ResBiGRU components. The proposed hybrid model uses wearable multimodal sensor data to accurately and efficiently recognize gym exercise activity.

PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN DALAM MENCIPTAKAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA YANG KONDUSIF DAN RELIGIUS DI KANTOR CAMAT RAMBUTAN, BANYUASIN

This community service aims to improve the quality of the work environment at the Office of the Sub-District Head of Rambutan, Banyuasin through management training emphasizing the creation of a conducive and religious work atmosphere. The training is designed to span three days, covering planning, implementation, and evaluation. On the first day, the focus is on planning and preparation, including coordination with relevant parties, determining training materials and speakers, and logistical arrangements. The second day constitutes the core of the training, where participants receive instruction on productivity, religious values, and strategies for optimizing productivity in a conducive and religious work environment. This session also includes group discussions and practical exercises to apply the learned concepts. The third day involves training evaluation and policy formulation to ensure the sustainability of training outcomes. The expected outcomes of this training include improved mental well-being and work motivation among employees, reduced stress levels, and the establishment of a more harmonious and blessed work culture. Leaders with high ethics and empathy are expected to foster a positive organizational culture, enhance interpersonal relationships among employees, and advance the quality of public services. Expected outputs from this initiative include comprehensive documentation of training materials, an evaluative report, participant certificates, and a clear follow-up plan. This documentation will serve as a reference for future training sessions and educational resources. Through this training, it is anticipated that employees at the Office of the Sub-District Head of Rambutan will better appreciate religious values in their daily work, enhance teamwork among colleagues, and contribute to improved public services oriented toward community welfare

Simulating tDCS electrode placement to stimulate both M1 and SMA enhances motor performance and modulates cortical excitability depending on current flow direction.

The conventional method of placing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) electrodes is just above the target brain area. However, this strategy for electrode placement often fails to improve motor function and modulate cortical excitability. We investigated the effects of optimized electrode placement to induce maximum electrical fields in the leg regions of both M1 and SMA, estimated by electric field simulations in the T1and T2-weighted MRI-based anatomical models, on motor performance and cortical excitability in healthy individuals. A total of 36 healthy volunteers participated in this randomized, triple-blind, sham-controlled experiment. They were stratified by sex and were randomly assigned to one of three groups according to the stimulation paradigm, including tDCS with (1) anodal and cathodal electrodes positioned over FCz and POz, respectively, (A-P tDCS), (2) anodal and cathodal electrodes positioned over POz and FCz, respectively, (P-A tDCS), and (3) sham tDCS. The sit-to-stand training following tDCS (2 mA, 10 min) was conducted every 3 or 4 days over 3 weeks (5 sessions total). Compared to sham tDCS, A-P tDCS led to significant increases in the number of sit-to-stands after 3 weeks training, whereas P-A tDCS significantly increased knee flexor peak torques after 3 weeks training, and decreased short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) immediately after the first session of training and maintained it post-training. These results suggest that optimized electrode placement of the maximal EF estimated by electric field simulation enhances motor performance and modulates cortical excitability depending on the direction of current flow.

Comment on: influence of the time-task constraint on ocular metrics of semi-elite soccer

ABSTRACT This letter offers a constructive review of the article ‘Influence of the time-task constraint on ocular metrics of semi-elite soccer’ by Luis-del Campo et al. (2023), focusing on methodological considerations and avenues for future research enhancement. The study investigates the impact of task constraints on eye-tracking metrics among semi-elite soccer players, aiming to gauge mental workload during training sessions. While the study presents valuable insights, there are opportunities for methodological refinement. Suggestions include emphasizing sample size determination, randomization of the experimental conditions, and employing robust statistical analyses to mitigate potential biases. Moreover, future studies could benefit from integrating external load measures alongside heart rate monitoring to comprehensively assess training task variations. Despite these considerations, the study underscores the promising application of eye-tracking techniques in evaluating mental workload during soccer training, paving the way for further exploration and refinement of methodologies to enhance player performance assessment and training optimization in the field.

The effects of six weeks of combined balance and plyometric training on postural control performance in elite badminton players: A pilot randomized, controlled study

Background/ObjectivesThe athletic performance in badminton players largely depends on the capability of dynamic postural control to quickly restore balance when performing high-paced movements (e.g., frequent single-leg jumps). Our aim was to examine the effects of a novel intervention that combines balance training on an unstable surface and plyometric training on the performance of restoring balance after jumping, as well as related postural control in elite badminton players. MethodsSixteen elite male badminton players were randomly allocated to either a combined balance and plyometric training group (CT, n = 8) or a plyometric training group (PT, n = 8). The CT group participated in a six-week training program, which included three training sessions per week. Each session comprised 40 min of plyometric exercises and 20 min of balance training. The PT group underwent plyometric training using the identical protocol as that of the CT group. All participants underwent identical technical training in badminton throughout the duration of the study. At baseline and immediately after the intervention, participants completed a single-leg jumping test. The capacity to restore balance was evaluated using the time to stabilization (TTS) after landing; and the related center of pressure (COP) fluctuations were also recorded. The effect of intervention was examined by two-way repeated-measures of ANOVA. ResultsThe primary two-way repeated-measures ANOVA models showed no significant interactions between group and time on either the time to stability in the dominant leg (D-TTS) or the time to stability in the non-dominant leg (N-TTS) (p > 0.70). Significant main effects of time, group, and their interactions on dominant legs of the anterior-posterior displacement difference (D-COPAP) (time: p = 0.001; group: p = 0.001; interaction: p = 0.014), non-dominant legs of the anterior-posterior displacement difference (N-COPAP) (time: p < 0.001; group: p = 0.003; interaction: p = 0.021) and non-dominant legs of the medial-lateral displacement difference (N-COPML) (time: p < 0.001; group: p < 0.001; interaction: p = 0.026), that is, compared to baseline of both groups and post PT, the COP metrics were significantly reduced after CT. Secondarily, within the CT and PT group, after the intervention, the N-TTS (CT: p = 0.001, post: 0.58 ± 0.87; PT: p = 0.03, post: 0.71 ± 0.11) was significantly decreased compared to baseline (CT pre: 0.76 ± 0.16; PT pre: 0.88 ± 0.13). ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrated that, compared to PT-only, the 6-week CT which combines balance training induced comparable improvements in the capacity to restoring balance after landing from a single-leg jump, and significantly improved the postural control performance as measured by COP metrics.

Effect of 6-Week Sprint Training on Long-Distance Running Performance in Highly Trained Runners.

Long-distance running performance has been reported to be associated with sprint performance in highly trained distance runners. Therefore, we hypothesized that sprint training could enhance distance running and sprint performance in long-distance runners. This study examined the effect of 6-week sprint training on long-distance running and sprint performance in highly trained distance runners. Nineteen college runners were divided into control (n = 8) and training (n = 11) groups. Participants in the training group performed 12 sprint training sessions in 6weeks, while those in the control group performed 12 distance training sessions. Before and after the interventions, maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max), O2 cost during submaximal running (290m·min-1 and 310m·min-1 of running velocity), and time to exhaustion (starting at 290m·min-1 and increased 10m·min-1 every minute) were assessed on a treadmill. Additionally, the 100-m and 400-m sprinting times and 3000-m running time were determined on an all-weather track. In the control group, no measurements significantly changed after the intervention. In the training group, the time to exhaustion, 100-m and 400-m sprinting times, and 3000-m running time improved significantly, while V˙O2max and O2 cost did not change. These results showed that 6-week sprint training improved both sprint and long-distance running performance in highly trained distance runners without a change in aerobic capacity. Improvement in the time to exhaustion without a change in V˙O2max suggests that the enhancement of long-distance running performance could be attributable to improved anaerobic capacity.

Virtual Reality (VR) Training for Central Venous Catheter (CVC) Placement: An Interventional Feasibility Study Incorporating VR into a Standard Training Curriculum of Novice Trainees

ObjectivesThis study assess the feasibility of integrating virtual reality (VR) simulation into the central venous catheter (CVC) placement training curriculum. DesignThe study consists of three parts: (1) Evaluating current manikin-based training for CVC placement through surveys for senior first-year anesthesia residents and cardiac anesthesia faculty who supervise resident performing the procedure; (2) Interventional study training novice trainees with VR simulator and assessing their reaction satisfaction; and (3) pilot study integrating VR training sessions into CVC training curriculum for first-year anesthesia residents. SettingConducted at a single academic-affiliated medical center from December 2022 to August 2023. ParticipantsJunior first-year anesthesia residents. InterventionsVR training sessions for CVC placements using the Vantari VR system. Measurements and Main ResultsPrimary outcome: novice trainees’ satisfaction with VR training for CVC procedure. Satisfaction of resident and faculty with standard manikin-based training was also collected. Faculty expressed concerns about residents' confidence and perceived knowledge in performing CVC placement independently. Novice trainees showed high satisfaction and perceived usefulness with VR training, particularly in understanding procedural steps and developing spatial awareness. Pilot integration of VR training into the curriculum demonstrated comparable training times and emphasized structured stepwise training modules to ensure completion of vital procedural steps. ConclusionsThe study underscore the potential of VR simulation as a complementary training tool for CVC placement rather than a substitution of standard manikin training. VR is offering immersive experiences and addressing limitations of traditional manikin-based training methods. Integration of VR into training curricula warrants further exploration to optimize procedural proficiency and patient safety in clinical practice.

EVALUATING CASSAVA FARMERS’ LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FADAMA III-ADDITIONAL FINANCING PROJECT IN EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA

The study assessed the cassava farmers’ level of participation in Fadama III- additional financing in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Two hundred and forty (240) cassava farmers were chosen through a multi-stage sampling procedure to participate in the Fadama III- additional financing project. A multistage sampling procedure was used to obtain primary data from 240 cassava farmers participating in Fadama III- additional financing project. A timetable for conducting interviews was utilized to gather primary data, which were then analyzed using basic statistical methods like frequency, percentage, mean, and Likert-type scale. The study's findings showed that the cassava farmers in the research region actively engaged in the creation of business plans need assessments, input and project distribution, and training sessions. It also demonstrated how cassava growers profited from better input availability, higher farm yields, workshops and training, bigger farms, easier access to market data, lower labour costs, and infrastructure support. The respondents cited several significant issues that impede agricultural productivity, including late arrival of inputs, the unsatisfactory attitude of some Fadama staff, lack of market information, inadequate communication channels, poverty, poor access to loans, and fear of crop failure and disease assault. To overcome the significant obstacle of late farm input arrival, it is highly recommended that governments at all levels and the World Bank guarantee the timely release of farm inputs to cassava farmers. This will encourage cassava farmers to actively participate in Fadama III- additional financing project in the study area.

Enhancing poststroke hand movement recovery: Efficacy of RehabSwift, a personalized brain-computer interface system.

This study explores the efficacy of our novel and personalized brain-computer interface (BCI) therapy, in enhancing hand movement recovery among stroke survivors. Stroke often results in impaired motor function, posing significant challenges in daily activities and leading to considerable societal and economic burdens. Traditional physical and occupational therapies have shown limitations in facilitating satisfactory recovery for many patients. In response, our study investigates the potential of motor imagery-based BCIs (MI-BCIs) as an alternative intervention. In this study, MI-BCIs translate imagined hand movements into actions using a combination of scalp-recorded electrical brain activity and signal processing algorithms. Our prior research on MI-BCIs, which emphasizes the benefits of proprioceptive feedback over traditional visual feedback and the importance of customizing the delay between brain activation and passive hand movement, led to the development of RehabSwift therapy. In this study, we recruited 12 chronic-stage stroke survivors to assess the effectiveness of our solution. The primary outcome measure was the Fugl-Meyer upper extremity (FMA-UE) assessment, complemented by secondary measures including the action research arm test, reaction time, unilateral neglect, spasticity, grip and pinch strength, goal attainment scale, and FMA-UE sensation. Our findings indicate a remarkable improvement in hand movement and a clinically significant reduction in poststroke arm and hand impairment following 18 sessions of neurofeedback training. The effects persisted for at least 4 weeks posttreatment. These results underscore the potential of MI-BCIs, particularly our solution, as a prospective tool in stroke rehabilitation, offering a personalized and adaptable approach to neurofeedback training.

Subjective and Objective Monitoring Markers: Are They Related to Game Performance Indicators in Elite Female Volleyball Players?

This cohort study aimed to investigate the relationship between subjective (wellness and internal training load [ITL]) and objective (neuromuscular fatigue) monitoring markers and performance aspects (reception quality [RQ] and attack efficiency [AE]) in professional female volleyball players. The study was conducted over an 8-week period during the final mesocycle of the competitive phase. A total of 24 training sessions and 10 matches were included in the analysis. Subjective measures of wellness and ITL were assessed, and neuromuscular fatigue was evaluated using countermovement-jump (CMJ) height. RQ and AE were determined based on game statistics. The study found a positive relationship between wellness and RQ, particularly affecting outside hitters and liberos. ITL showed a positive association with AE, primarily impacting outside hitters, opposite hitters, and middle blockers. Additionally, ITL demonstrated a negative correlation with RQ, mainly affecting outside hitters and liberos. CMJ performance was associated with AE, where a decrease in CMJ height was linked to reduced AE. The findings highlight the importance of considering players' wellness scores in training and match strategies for different positions. Careful management of training loads, considering both physical and technical demands, is crucial for optimizing performance outcomes. Monitoring neuromuscular fatigue, as indicated by CMJ performance, is particularly relevant for outside hitters, opposite hitters, and middle blockers involved in attack actions. Coaches, trainers, and sports practitioners can use these insights to develop position-specific training protocols and implement effective strategies for maintaining or improving performance metrics under various stressors.

Preventive Effect of Neuromuscular Training on Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a highly prevalent and clinically relevant adverse effect of chemotherapy, negatively impacting patient quality of life. The lack of effective preventive or therapeutic options regarding CIPN often requires changes in cancer therapy, potentially resulting in reduced survival. To determine whether sensorimotor training (SMT) and whole-body vibration (WBV) training reduce symptoms and decrease the onset of CIPN. This prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial (STOP) followed up patients over 5 years at 4 centers in or near Cologne, Germany. Patients undergoing treatment with oxaliplatin or vinca alkaloids were recruited. Participants were recruited from May 2014 to November 2020. Data were last analyzed in June 2021. Participants in the intervention groups performed supervised SMT or WBV training sessions twice a week, each lasting approximately 15 to 30 minutes, concomitant to medical therapy. The primary end point was the incidence of CIPN. Secondary end points included subjective neuropathy symptoms, balance control, physical activity levels, quality of life, and clinical outcome. For cross-stratum evaluations, the Mantel-Haenszel test (MH) was used, and within individual strata, Fisher exact test was used for analysis. A total of 1605 patients were screened, and 1196 patients did not meet all inclusion criteria, with 251 further excluded or declining participation. A total of 158 patients (mean [SD] age, 49.1 [18.0-82.0] years; 93 [58.9%] male) were randomized into 1 of 3 groups: 55 (34.8%) in SMT, 53 (33.5%) in WBV, and 50 (31.6%) in treatment as usual (TAU). The incidence of CIPN in participants was significantly lower in both intervention groups compared to the control group (TAU): (SMT, 12 of 40 [30.0%; 95% CI, 17.9%-42.1%] and WBV, 14 of 34 [41.2%; 95% CI, 27.9%-54.5%] vs TAU, 24 of 34 [70.6%; 95% CI, 58.0%-83.2%]; P = .002 for intention to treat-MH). Patients receiving vinca alkaloids and performing SMT benefited the most. Results were more pronounced in a per-protocol analysis (>75% participation in the intervention) (SMT, 8 of 28 [28.6%; 95% CI, 16.6%-40.5%] and WBV, 9 of 24 [37.5%; 95% CI, 24.4%-50.5%] vs TAU, 22 of 30 [73.3%; 95% CI, 61.6%-85.6%]). Improvements in favor of SMT compared to TAU were found for balance control bipedal with eyes open; bipedal with eyes closed; monopedal, vibration sensitivity, sense of touch, lower leg strength, pain reduction, burning sensation, chemotherapy dose reductions, and mortality. This randomized clinical trial provides initial evidence that neuromuscular training decreases the onset of CIPN. German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00006088.

Boosting physical performance in SD rats through brain-targeted delivery of caffeine-loaded transferrin liposomes

This study aimed to explore the impact of caffeine (CAF) encapsulated in transferrin-modified, sterically-stabilized liposomes (Tf-SSL) on the physical performance of rats, specifically forelimb grip strength, running, and swimming. The brain-targeted drug delivery system, Tf-SSL, was used for the administration of caffeine. 168 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to different groups, including swimming, running, running wheel, and strength groups. Each group was further subdivided into high, medium, and low dose free caffeine (HCAF, MCAF, LCAF) and Tf-SSL CAF groups, along with a control group (CON). The strength, swimming, and running groups underwent training for four weeks, three times per week. The running wheel group was placed in rearing cages for a one-week adaptation period. After the final training session, the resistance, swimming, running, and running wheel exercise capacities of the rats were tested. The rats were administered treatment via tail vein injection, while the blank CON group received 0.9 % saline solution without treatment throughout the entire process. The results demonstrated a Tf-SSL CAF group encapsulation rate of 70.58 ± 5.14 %. Increasing the concentration of supplemented caffeine led to enhanced forelimb grip strength in rats, with significant differences observed in HCAF alone group, medium-dose Tf-SSL CAF (MTf-SSL CAF), and high-dose Tf-SSL CAF (HTf-SSL CAF) groups compared to the CON group. In the running and swimming experiments, higher caffeine supplementation concentrations correlated with increased running and swimming time to exhaustion, and the MTf-SSL CAF group showed longer running and swimming time compared to the HCAF alone group. The results of rat striatal dopamine levels indicated that increased caffeine supplementation concentrations led to higher dopamine secretion, with significantly different striatal concentrations in the HCAF group, MTf-SSL CAF group, and HTf-SSL CAF group compared to the CON group. The running wheel experiment revealed that rats in the medium- and high-dose Tf-SSL CAF groups exhibited greater 6-h running distances than the HCAF group and CON group. In conclusion, caffeine supplementation improved the physical performance of rats, with the high concentration CAF group outperforming the low and medium concentration groups. Furthermore, Tf-SSL CAF demonstrated superior physical enhancement compared to caffeine supplementation alone.

Comparative analysis of stress level and coping strategies due to COVID-19 pandemics among dental students in Indonesia and Vietnam

ObjectiveThis study investigated and compared the perceived stress levels and coping strategies of dental students in Indonesia and Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted online in 2022 for dental students from the University of Indonesia and Can Tho University, Vietnam (n = 304). Perceived stress levels and coping strategies were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire about student sociodemographic factors, learning experiences, coping strategies, stress-related factors, and stress levels. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests. ResultsThis study showed the overall mean stress level was 23.9 (SD = 5.63), with a significant difference observed between Indonesian (24.44, SD = 5.14) and Vietnamese students (23.32, SD = 6.13) (p = 0.016), indicating potential variations in stress experiences. Key findings include a correlation between living arrangements and stress, as students living independently report higher stress (23.96, SD = 6.24) compared to those living with family (23.95, SD = 5.29) (p = 0.018). Fifth-year students exhibit lower stress levels (21.17, SD = 6.12) than other grades (p = 0.026). Multiple training sessions about COVID-19 are associated with better coping strategies (9.95, SD = 0.91, p < 0.001). The study also revealed different perceptions of COVID-19 learning experiences among dental students in Indonesian and Vietnamese dental students, with significant correlations observed between stress levels, coping strategies, and specific concerns such as graduation time and COVID-19-induced changes (p < 0.05). ConclusionThis study shows students experience moderate stress levels, but the significant differences in stress experiences and coping strategies between the two countries highlighted the need for tailored approaches. Providing social support from faculty, family, friends, and peer dental students was one of the students’ strategies to cope and minimize stress levels.

Human error identification and risk assessment in loading and unloading of petroleum products by road trucks using the SHERPA and fuzzy inference system method

Human error constitutes one of the primary causes of accidents, particularly in the context of loading and unloading operations involving road trucks, especially those carrying petroleum products. The process of identifying and evaluating human errors within these operations involves several key steps. Initially, all sub-tasks associated with loading and unloading are meticulously identified and analyzed utilizing Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA), achieved through direct observation, document examination, and interviews. Subsequently, potential human error modes within each task are delineated using the Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA). Finally, essential data for determining the criticality, probability, and severity of each error are gathered through expert elicitation and the application of Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS).Through the analysis of SHERPA worksheets, a total of 37 errors during loading operations and 14 errors during unloading operations of petroleum products were identified. Among these errors, the predominant category during loading operations was action errors, comprising 31 instances, while communication errors were the least frequent, occurring only twice. Similarly, action errors were most prevalent during unloading operations, constituting 13 instances. These errors were further categorized and ranked based on their risk levels, resulting in 27 levels for loading operations and 12 levels for unloading operations.The consistent occurrence of action errors underscores the need for implementing control measures to mitigate their frequency and severity. Such strategies may include periodic training sessions to reinforce proper work procedures and the development of monitoring checklists, among other interventions.

The implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) program on employee working conditions in the harvesting unit of PT Sewangi Sejati Luhur

PT. Sewangi Sejati Luhur, a palm oil plantation company, manages 7,000 hectares divided into 12 divisions across 3 estates. The company primarily focuses on cultivating and processing Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB), with the harvesting unit employing the most workers. This research aims to investigate the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) program within the harvesting unit at PT Sewangi Sejati Luhur, designed to prevent work accidents and occupational diseases. Conducted in Tapung Hulu Subdistrict, Kampar Regency, Riau Province, the study employs a quantitative descriptive method using the HIRARC method to assess OHS application and employee working conditions. A saturated sample of 30 harvesting employees was surveyed through interviews and documentation of the OHS program. The findings reveal that the OHS program includes periodic health exams, OHS awareness campaigns, monthly activities, and training sessions. The program's implementation has led to low accident rates and satisfactory achievement of goals. Correlation analysis shows a significant link between OHS program implementation and improved employee working conditions. Additionally, 82% of respondents reported that the OHS program significantly influenced their working conditions, while 18% cited other factors. Overall, the OHS program in PT Sewangi Sejati Luhur's harvesting unit has been effective, ensuring a low accident rate and meeting monthly targets.

The motivation plan, a contemporary solution for increasing the effectiveness of motivation

Motivation employees is a challenge to reach employee satisfaction at the workplace. Many existing studies have investigated the role of motivation and have evidenced the fact that motivation is a precursor to individual and organizational performance. This paper considers some of the motivation issues with a focus on the necessity of drawing up the motivation plan as a very important managerial document. This study has included 55 business managers. Terrain data were analyzed using SPSS. The findings provide important information for the theory of motivation and their application in practice. This study will serve as an incentive for managers with their approach to the motivation plan. The paper also proves the necessity of the commitment of relevant institutions for the support they should give to managers in this direction through training sessions. This paper aims to argue the importance of motivation plan as a necessity to support manager to achieve the organizational objectives and one more warranty for individual and organizational performance.

INDUKSI TEKNOLOGI PENJUALAN ONLINE PADA PELANGI RASA KARANGLO POLANHARJO KLATEN

This activity aims to introduce online sales technology as a sales strategy for Pelangi Rasa Small and Medium Enterprises, Karanglo Polanharjo Village, Klaten. The application package that will be applied to partners is an online sales application. The team will conduct training on marketing strategies through online sales for the sustainability of Pelangi Rasa Small and Medium Enterprises. This activity targets expanding marketing locations through online product sales. Technology induction activities are carried out in five stages, namely (1) Material preparation, (2) Training, (3) Equipment preparation, system configuration and system implementation, (4) Mentoring, and (5) Monitoring. At the material preparation stage, the team will compile a module, namely the use of online sales applications. The module creation will be equipped with presentation material that will be used in training sessions. The training stage uses discussion and demonstration methods so that partners can easily understand the material presented. This stage will concentrate on the introduction of online sales technology as a sales marketing strategy. In the equipment preparation, system configuration, and program implementation stages, the team and partners will work together to prepare equipment in the form of hardware and software. Partners, accompanied by the service team, will carry out the system configuration. Partners, with assistance from the service team, will carry out the program implementation process, which consists of implementing online sales applications. The service team will carry out the monitoring stage periodically and continuously. In the initial stage, monitoring will be carried out once a week to see the partners' progress in implementing the program. Furthermore, monitoring will be carried out once a month to see the impact of program implementation on partners regarding online sales at Pelangi Rasa Small and Medium Enterprises.

INDUKSI TEKNOLOGI PENJUALAN ONLINE PADA PELANGI RASA KARANGLO POLANHARJO KLATEN

This activity aims to introduce online sales technology as a sales strategy for Pelangi Rasa Small and Medium Enterprises, Karanglo Polanharjo Village, Klaten. The application package that will be applied to partners is an online sales application. The team will conduct training on marketing strategies through online sales for the sustainability of Pelangi Rasa Small and Medium Enterprises. This activity targets expanding marketing locations through online product sales. Technology induction activities are carried out in five stages, namely (1) Material preparation, (2) Training, (3) Equipment preparation, system configuration and system implementation, (4) Mentoring, and (5) Monitoring. At the material preparation stage, the team will compile a module, namely the use of online sales applications. The module creation will be equipped with presentation material that will be used in training sessions. The training stage uses discussion and demonstration methods so that partners can easily understand the material presented. This stage will concentrate on the introduction of online sales technology as a sales marketing strategy. In the equipment preparation, system configuration, and program implementation stages, the team and partners will work together to prepare equipment in the form of hardware and software. Partners, accompanied by the service team, will carry out the system configuration. Partners, with assistance from the service team, will carry out the program implementation process, which consists of implementing online sales applications. The service team will carry out the monitoring stage periodically and continuously. In the initial stage, monitoring will be carried out once a week to see the partners' progress in implementing the program. Furthermore, monitoring will be carried out once a month to see the impact of program implementation on partners regarding online sales at Pelangi Rasa Small and Medium Enterprises.

고등학생 기초영어학력 향상을 위한 예비교사 역량강화 훈련 및 교육실습의 효과

This study investigates the effectiveness of a teacher training program and subsequent teaching practice aimed at enhancing basic English ability among high school students. It was conducted with 12 pre-service English teachers in Gangwon Province, Korea. The program consisted of a 14-week training session linked to the ‘Utilizing ICT for English Education’ course, followed by a 6-week teaching practice. To assess its impact, a combination of varied data collection methods was employed throughout the semester, including weekly in-depth team discussions, a detailed survey, and an extensive whole class conference. The analysis focused on how both training and teaching practice influenced the pre-service teachers’ ability to develop their students’ basic English skills. Descriptive statistics calculated with SPSS Statistics 29 analyzed Likert-scale survey data, while qualitative data from team discussions and the conference were thoroughly and systematically coded. Findings clearly indicate significant improvements in the instructional skills of the pre-service teachers. Additionally, the study highlights the ongoing challenges in basic English education and emphasizes the need for tailored teaching strategies that accommodate the diverse learning needs of high school students. Ultimately, these results affirm the importance of continuous development in teacher training programs to adapt to educational demands and societal changes effectively.