Training Of Professional Staff Research Articles

Synergizing Digital and Physical Approaches: Experience Summary of the HIV PrEP Promotion Project.

China's human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) prevention and control efforts have entered a new stage, necessitating the exploration of more effective intervention strategies. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a proven method to prevent HIV infection, but its promotion in China faces challenges such as low public acceptance and inadequate service capacity. To further promote PrEP, the "HIV PrEP Model Exploration Project" was launched, exploring three PrEP service models: PrEP clinics, Digital services and physical testing, and PrEP self-service vending machines. The project achieved certain results, establishing a PrEP service network, training professional staff, and promoting the use of PrEP. In the future, it is necessary to further expand publicity channels, enhance public awareness and acceptance, optimize follow-up management, and promote the popularization of PrEP and HIV/AIDS prevention and control efforts.

Managing COVID-19 patients with mental illness in a specialized neuropsychiatric setting: An experience from a tertiary care hospital in India.

To explore the management and outcome of COVID-19 infection in mental illness at a specialized neuropsychiatric setting. A retrospective review of the clinical profile of 100 COVID-19 patients with mental illness, admitted to the Psychiatric COVID unit (PCU) from June 2020 to June 2022, was done, with a subgroup analysis of chronic institutionalized patients (n = 36). Schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and schizoaffective disorder comprised 64% of the study population. Most patients (87%) were on antipsychotics. 56% of the patients had an infection of mild severity and 38% were asymptomatic. Corticosteroids and anticoagulants were given to 33.3% and 25% of the patients, respectively. 16% of the patients encountered medical complications in the PCU, and 14% were referred to a COVID-designated hospital. Patients with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension were more likely to be referred. The chronic institutionalized patients (n = 36) had either an asymptomatic or mild infection. Three among these patients were referred to a COVID-designated hospital. Most psychiatric patients with medical illnesses, including COVID-19, pose unique challenges including complexity of symptoms, ensuring patient safety, and the need for trained professional staff to provide specialized psychiatric interventions, which can be taken care of in psychiatric care settings.

Cancer incidence and mortality in the Far Eastern Federal District (2013–2022)

The aim of the study was to assess the territorial patterns in cancer incidence and mortality among the population of the Far Eastern Federal District in the period 2013–2022. Material and Methods. Data from official reports of cancer services (form No 35, No. 7) processed using standard cancer statistics programs were presented. Results. In the east of the country, 31,822 new cancer cases were registered in 2022, which was 1.3 % more than in 2021. The average cancer incidence rate in males was 294.06 ± 5.05 per 100,000 (2020: 296.94 ± 4.66), with a decrease rate of 3.0 %. In females, the equivalent rate increased to 240.96 ± 5.73 per 100,000 (2020: 237.92 ± 6.26 per 100,000) with a rise of 6.3 %. Skin cancer was the most common malignancy (11.6 %) followed by trachea, bronchi, lung (11.5 %), breast (11.3 %) and colon (6.3 %) cancers. The percent of actively detected patients increased to 23.2 % (2013: 14.0 %) as did the index of accumulation of contingents – 7.3 (2013: 5.3). The number of patients with stage I–II cancer increased to 57.0 % (2013: 47.5 %), while the number of stage III-IV cancers decreased to 20.8 % (2013: 24.7 %). The number of morphologic studies (94.1 %) was lower than the average for RF (95.8 %). The proportion of patients registered for five or more years decreased to 57.2 % (RF: 58.2 %). The average cancer mortality rate in men was 174.99 ± 3.10 per 100,000 (2020: 181.76 ± 2.51 per 100,000). The average cancer mortality rate in women was lower than in men, being 91.34 ± 1.20 per 100,000 (2020: 93.71 ± 0.80о per 100,000). Cancers of trachea, bronchi and lung (20.0 %), stomach (8.9 %), colon (7.0 %) and breast (6.6 %) were the leading causes of mortality. Conclusion. The low level of active cancer detection did not significantly change the incidence rates during the study period. A greater volume of preventive measures with improvement of their quality will enable the primary health care system to detect cancer at early stages, form groups being at high risk for cancer development and, consequently, to reduce mortality rates. A prerequisite for improving medical care for cancer patients is the continuous training of professional staff and the use of modern diagnostic and treatment technologies.

Evaluation of the Process of Professional Staff Training in the Republic of Moldova

Evaluation of the Process of Professional Staff Training in the Republic of Moldova

Strengthening the professional training of staff in EU higher education

The article reveals the most relevant and important for developing world societies to the professional training of personnel in the EU countries in the educational space. The methodological principles of the research are leading provisions of the theory of scientific knowledge; general scientific principles of historicism, systematicity, and scientificity; conceptual provisions of pedagogical, psychological, and sociological sciences; ideas of comparative research experience; and philosophical and pedagogical ideas of the development of modern education. The principles on which the reform of higher education is based are described and the main trends of the structure of world higher education are clarified. The significance of developing educational information networks in the professional training of personnel in the educational space of higher education institutions in the EU countries is shown. The main tasks of the organization of educational institutions in the world's countries are highlighted. The conducted experimental research is aimed at researching: the effectiveness of professional training of personnel in the educational space; determination of suitability for employment in EU countries; and effectiveness of continuous professional training at the workplace in EU countries. The conclusions summarize ways of professional training of personnel in the EU countries in the educational space of universities.

EVENT MANAGEMENT AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL OF ENSURING COMMUNICATION STRATEGY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Background. In today's post-industrial society, effective public administration is impossible without the introduction of proper communication. The development of information technology and mass communication has led to changes in the ways and forms of interaction between the government and society in the field of public administration. At this stage of the development of public administration, event management is an effective tool for ensuring the communication strategy. It motivates public administration entities to operate efficiently, implement the principles of transparency and accountability of management processes, and helps to improve the interaction between the authorities and society, which increases the level of public trust in government institutions. A key aspect of the introduction of event management in public administration is the effective interaction between the government and society in terms of identifying the target audience, choosing the best information and communication channels of interaction, using them effectively to achieve the set goals, and adapting the communication strategy to the specifics of public authorities and the needs of the public. These issues have been the subject of research on theoretical and practical aspects of event management in the works of such scholars as O. Ivanenko, A. Petrova, V. Kovalenko, M. Smirnov, I. Honcharuk, L. Zakharchenko, V. Zhezhukha, and others. Methods. To obtain the scientific results of the research, the methods of comparative analysis and synthesis were used to identify trends in the introduction of event management for effective interaction between government and society in public administration. The method of content analysis was also used to assess the level of citizens' satisfaction with participation in events, and the effectiveness of interaction between the government and the public to improve the communication strategy. Results. The research of event management as an effective tool for ensuring the communication strategy is an important factor in determining the challenges faced by managers in the process of its implementation in the field of public administration, in particular, the following: lack of human resources, various types of resources (financial, economic, technological, etc.); difficulties in organising effective communication technologies and insufficient level of staff training. Therefore, it is advisable to overcome these obstacles by introducing event management, including the search for additional sources of funding, professional training of staff and improvement of the communication strategy in public administration. Attention is focused on the role of partnership and cooperation between public authorities, NGOs, the private sector and other stakeholders in the implementation of event management. Only through joint efforts can we ensure the completeness and effectiveness of public administration, as well as achieve common goals and the development of society as a whole, and improve the image and reputation of public authorities. Conclusions. In Ukraine, the authorities are focused on establishing a positive dialogue with the public, which would help to strengthen public confidence in the government and support by the population, which is an important element of stable public administration. However, in this direction, there is a need to improve the interaction between the government and society, the implementation of the principles of democracy, and the stability of public policy. The article uses the methods of comparative analysis and content analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of event management in increasing the level of interaction between the authorities and the public. The received results indicate the need to improve personnel support and search for additional resources for the successful implementation of communication strategies. The conclusions of the article can be used to adapt communication strategies in the public sector. Therefore, it is recommended to use event management as an effective tool for ensuring a communication strategy in public administration to actively respond to the changing needs and requirements of the public, which will increase public confidence in the activities of public authorities, mutual understanding between the government and citizens, and increase the overall level of public satisfaction with the quality of public services.

The screening substance use in the men who have sex with men group seeking PrEP treatment at SHP clinic in Ha Noi 2023

ABSTRACT Background: Screening provides important information for understanding substance use risk and adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aims to describe the advantages and challenges of substance use screening among MSM. Methods: The qualitative research method is used in this study. Screening was conducted as a routine procedure in the clinic, which was the greatest advantage of the screening process. Results: Substance use screening at MSM is performed as a process at the SHP clinic, using the substance use screening tool ASSIST - a substance use screening support tool developed and applied by WHO, used in many countries. The biggest advantage of the screening process is that screening is performed as a routine clinical procedure. Providing post-screening services is carried out by a team of highly trained professional staff. Some difficulties mentioned: customers are reluctant to share or share incorrectly about their substance use status; customers feel screening is unnecessary; Too many clinic customers lead to a shortened screening process. Keywords: MSM, substance use, advantages, challenges, PrEP.

Role of Academic Libraries in Scientific Production Evaluation

Since internationally visible scientific productivity is a criterion for state evaluation of Croatian academic and scientific institutions and their scientists, Croatian academic libraries have a key role in quantitative evaluation of scientific productivity using methods such as bibliometrics, scientometrics and the like. The aim of this case study is to identify and illustrate the current situation of library services for evaluating scientific production at the University of Zagreb, Croatia, and to make recommendations for the further development of such services, which could serve as a framework for the systematic implementation of this type of service in all libraries at the University of Zagreb and beyond. More specifically, the purpose of this paper was to identify the existence of the bibliometric services in the libraries of the University of Zagreb (UNIZG), examine the status and involvement of university librarians in the academic advancement procedures and to identify the required competences for bibliometric experts in Croatia. The research was conducted using the content analysis method, the survey method, and the focus group method. The research results show that although UNIZG libraries are integrated into the system of academic promotion and the role of UNIZG libraries is enshrined in Croatian regulations, the bibliometric service is not standardised at the University level. The results also indicate that the service needs to be strengthened in terms of training of professional staff and greater investment in staff capacity and infrastructure. The fact that the study was conducted at a single Croatian university is a possible limitation that could relate to the application of guidelines for further actions and the development of bibliometric services at national level. It would therefore be desirable to conduct future research to identify the situation at other Croatian universities as well. It would also be necessary to determine the open science and open access policies at UNIZG through further research and, in this context, to establish guidelines for possible improvements in the processes of evaluating scientific productivity. The results of this study make an important contribution to the possible future positioning of university libraries and UNIZG librarians in the process of evaluating scientific productivity. In addition, some practical advice is given so that this case study may be a good introductory overview for the wider academic community in relation to this topic.

GENEALOGY OF UNIVERSITY ETHNOGRAPHY: DEPARTMENT, PERSONALITIES, TRADITION TRANSMISSION (TO THE 100th ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF PROFESSOR G.E. MARKOV)

The article is a tribute of respect to the memory of Gennady Evgenyevich Markov, a major Russian ethnologist, archaeologist and historian of primitive society, doctor in history, professor of the Department of Ethnology, Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University. The authors provide a detailed analysis of the scientific contribution and life path of the outstanding Soviet/Russian scholar and place their narrative in a broad socio-cultural and intellectual context of the country and society. G.E. Markov's biography is closely connected with the history of the Department of Ethnography/Ethnology at the Faculty of History, Moscow State University and serves as a serious basis for reconstructing the genesis of university ethnography and its dynamics over the course of nearly 85 years. Such a long period of existence of the university department and its sustainable effectiveness in training professional staff were essentially ensured by the high qualification of scientific and pedagogical staff, reliance on solid theoretical and methodological foundations and interdisciplinarity, a combination of conservatism with flexibility and adaptability to the challenges of the time, the ability to preserve disciplinary continuity and ensure the transmission of the scholarly tradition. All these components of the successful development of university ethnology are subjected to a comprehensive and balanced examination in the article. G.E. Markov's biography in all its typical and special manifestations forms the semantic core of the analysis and presentation. The authors offer their view on complex and sharply debatable issues of professional self-determination, the logic of scientific discovery, the correlation between field and desk research, the influence of ideology and politics on scientific thought. The article presents the authors' vision of the prospects for the development of the Department of Ethnology, based on a harmonious combination of ethnological and anthropological approaches to understanding the disciplinary framework, unconditional reliance on scholarly tradition and its authorities, the need to improve the methods of training in terms of instrumentality and practice-oriented nature, which will allow graduates of the department to be in demand and stay in the profession.

Analysis of Civil Servants Training – an Integral Part of Human Resource Development Management in Public Institutions

This paper, addresses the issue of professional staff training in the public institutions of the Republic of Moldova, as an integral part of human resource development management, being considered an important direction of modernization of the contemporary society. The professional staff training in public institutions is necessary for the development of the ability to react to the increasingly rapid changes, in order to make them more efficient and competitive in the face of new challenges. Therefore, in this paper we have analysed the effort made by the central public authorities to organize the staff training, working in public administration. In this context, several indicators that characterize the professional staff training activity in public administration institutions, have been assessed. The information provided by the State Chancellery of the Republic of Moldova, responsible for the staff training of public administration, served as factual material.

Staged Professional Training of Tourism Specialists in the Higher Education System in the Context of Social and Economic Crises

In the context of social and economic crises, the tourism industry represents the economic branch that is affected in various aspects, which implies the search for new solutions for development. Thus, the professional training of staff in the higher education system, including those in the field of tourism, in recent years was influenced by a series of factors that required rapid adaptation, the identification of the methods and means necessary to train the skills of future specialists. In this sense, the ever-changing requirements for employees in the tourism field, especially the trends of recent years, should focus on the content of the staged training of future employees in the tourism field, with an emphasis on the training of flexible, innovative and with deep digital skills to be able to deal with unpredictable situations that can affect the tourism sector. This fact implies that future graduates who will work in the tourism sector will need to possess skills that will allow them to quickly adapt to multiple tasks, in a redesigned industry that has been attempted by the pandemic. All this determines the need to make changes in the professional training of staff at each training stage, which will aim to ensure the sustainability of the sector, with an emphasis on strengthening the relations between academia and the industry itself in order to find viable solutions for development.

Current approaches of health technologies introduction in Ukrainian hospitals

The study aimed to gather insights regarding current decision-making approaches and identify challenges and opportunities related to health technology implementation in Ukrainian hospitals. Materials and methods. A total of 28 respondents from three public hospitals across different regions of Ukraine participated in online semi-structured interviews conducted between September 2022 and March 2023. The respondents for this study encompassed a diverse range of stakeholders, including general managers, medical directors, economists, representatives from procurement departments, heads of clinical and diagnostic departments, clinicians, and pharmacists. To effectively guide the interview process, a comprehensive questionnaire was developed. The data collected from the respondents were analyzed and synthesized to results and conclusions. Results. The semi-structured interview study consistently revealed a common pattern in all the interviewed hospitals regarding the adoption of new health technologies. The process of introducing these technologies entails several stages, each demanding meticulous planning, coordination, and active engagement from various stakeholders. What stood out was that stakeholders from the same speciality were consistently involved in the same decision-making stage across all the hospitals we studied. The technical stages of implementing new health technologies, as outlined by the Law of Ukraine "On Public Procurement," are well-established in Ukrainian hospitals. However, there is room for improvement in selecting which type of health technology to procure. The current assessment process often relies on limited sources of information, lacking comprehensive literature reviews or robust comparisons with existing practices or placebos. This information gap hampers the ability to make well-informed decisions that account for all relevant factors. The study also identifies specific challenges for the future implementation of the Hospital Health Thechnology Assessment (HB-HTA) in Ukraine. These challenges necessitate investment in building HTA expertise at the hospital level, cultivating strong leadership support, providing professional staff training, and establishing robust data collection and management systems. Overcoming these obstacles is crucial for hospitals to bolster their capacity to effectively implement new health technologies and make informed decisions about their utilization. Conclusions. Our study has revealed that all the technical stages involved in implementing new health technologies in Ukraine are well established. It was observed that there is room for improvement in the process of selecting which new health technology to purchase. This stage, known as the decision-making process based on HTA, requires implementation at the hospital level. Our study highlights the evident interest and potential benefits associated with adopting HB-HTA in the hospitals under investigation. By integrating HB-HTA into existing practices and approaches, hospitals can significantly enhance their decision-making processes when introducing new health technologies. There is an urgent need to introduce the term "hospital-based HTA" into Ukrainian legislation, as well as to activate the training of HTA experts at the hospital level

Evaluating the Counseling Standards and Ability of Pharmacy Staff to Detect Antibiotic-Drugs Interactions: A Simulated Client Study from Pakistan.

Effective and safe medication use can be maximized by providing medication counseling, which aims to optimize therapeutic results. This approach improves the effectiveness of antibacterial treatment, reduces treatment expenses, and mitigates the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. No research from Pakistan has been previously documented. The purpose of this research was to evaluate both the quality of antibiotic counseling provided and the level of understanding exhibited by pharmacy employees with regard to interactions involving antibiotic medications. Using a simulated client method, two scenarios were used to assess 562 pharmacies that were systematically selected. Scenario 1 focused the counseling for use of prescribed medicines with non-prescribed antibiotics. Scenario2 indicated counseling provision for prescribed antibiotics that have possible antibiotic-drug interactions. The evaluation of counseling skills was also conducted. The analysis involved the use of descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Only 34.1% of simulated clients received medication counseling directly; 45% received it on request. About 31.2% of clients were referred to a physician without counseling. The most frequently provided information was therapy dose (81.6%) and duration (57.4%). More than half (54.0%) of clients were asked about disease duration, but drug storage was ignored. Insufficient information was provided about side effects (1.1%) and antibiotic-drug interactions (1.4%). Most (54.3%) clients were instructed about dietary or lifestyle modifications. Only 1.9% of clients received information about drug administration route. No information was provided about other medication during therapy, effect of medicine withdrawal, and compliance to medication. The current level of antibiotic counseling within Pakistani community pharmacies is inadequate and requires the attention of medical authorities. Professional training of staff could improve counseling.

Applying a Digital Twin Approach for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

ABSTRACT Introduction Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic condition for which no diagnostic biomarkers have been validated, and most treatments globally are limited to managing the symptoms. The technological advantages for complex computational processing, achieved in population cohorts, for the study of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, can offer a potential new avenue for research in ME/CFS. Methods Two such digital research approaches are considered here: (1) the potential implementation of digital twins as a dynamic monitoring system and (2) the potential implementation of synthetic data as a way of augmenting available data sets while having the potential to protect the privacy of individual patients’ data. Results Utilizing such computational methodologies has the potential to provide novel angles in the investigation of ME/CSF; however, they remain in the early stages of their development, and doing so would be computationally expensive, and would require the training of professional staff in new technologies, as well as the clinical validation of the predictive modelling. Conclusion Thus, carefully targeted implementations of these new technologies are anticipated in the immediate future, at least in the biomarker discovery field.

Multiple Center Research on Relationship Between Screening Quality and Detection of Cervical Cancer - Six Provinces, China, June-December 2021.

The effective implementation of cervical cancer examination programs requires improved cervical cancer screening coverage and quality. The detection rate of ≥high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in 6 hospitals was 19.6%. Not having undergone screening in the last 5 years and abnormal screening results had a negative association with detection of ≥HSIL, and abnormal screening results would increase the risk of detection by 75% compared with normal screening results. Additionally, low-grade, high-grade, and cancer of colposcopic impression were associated with a higher risk for detecting ≥HSIL. It is essential to disseminate health knowledge about cervical cancer control to women in order to increase their awareness and screening rates. Additionally, it is necessary to further strengthen the training of professional staff to improve the quality of cervical cancer prevention, including screening, colposcopic examination, and follow-up for target female populations.

Challenges of visually impaired university students in education: A meta-synthesis study

Along with the expansion of education and laying the foundations of self-sufficiency for all members of society, the visually impaired students continued their education with other students in various fields of higher education. In this process, the limitations caused by visual impairment and the limitations originating from the shortcomings of the environment other than the visually impaired individuals themselves lead to many difficulties, which must be minimised to receive quality education. The aim of the research is to interpret and evaluate the problems and suggest solutions to visually impaired university students and reveal their similar and different aspects and new inferences through a systematic review of qualitative research findings between the years 2000 and 2021, using a meta-synthesis method. The results suggest that accessing campus from residence, accessing information, using technology and virtual materials on campus, social and educational attitudes, educational conditions, and assessment results cause different difficulties for visually impaired university students. Issuing legal regulations, improving the performance level of the visually impaired individuals in orientation and mobility, providing professional staff training, and procuring trained live readers or screen readers, hearing aids, touching aids, and helpers, as well as providing sufficient time for analysing tactile materials such as Braille and carefully answering the questions, are all recommended to solve the rising difficulties.

Cancer incidence and mortality and state of cancer care for colorectal cancer patients in the Russian Far East.

The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence and mortality rates in patients with colorectal cancer in the Russian Far east in the time period from 2008 to 2020. Material and methods. Cancer incidence and mortality data collected from population-based cancer registries were used. Results. In 2020, the average rate of colorectal cancer incidence in the Russian Far east was 15.29 ± 0.33 per 100,000 men (2019: 15.35 ± 0.36) with an annual percent decrease of 5.40% since 2008. The corresponding rate increased to 12.92 ± 0.23 (2019: 12.98 ± 0.25) per 100,000 women with an annual percent increase of 5.95 %. By the end of the study period the number of new cancer cases increased to 13.2 % (2008: 1.3 %). The percent of morphological confirmation of the diagnosis was lower than in the Russian Federation as a whole (93.4 % versus 96.0; 2008: 84.3 %). The number of patients followed-up for 5 and more years was lower than in the Russian Federation as a whole (52.7 % versus 55.0 %; 2008: 41.9 %). The quality of the cancer service activity was marked by the index of reliability of registration, which was not lower than 0.40 in any of the territories of the district. The average colorectal cancer mortality rate in men was 8.73 ± 0.12 per 100,000 population (2019: 8.72 ± 0.13), which exceeded that in women (6.83 ± 0.10; 2019: 7.37 ± 0.53). The death rate within the first year after diagnosis decreased to 25.0 % (2008: 34.3 %). Conclusion. Unfortunately, the work of primary healthcare organizations responsible for early detection of cancer has not led to significant changes in the incidence rates. (2020: 13.02 0/0000; 2008: 12.9858 0/0000) and mortality rates (2020: 7.4558 0/0000; 2008: 7.6158 0/0000). Cancer screening programs aimed not only at the early cancer detection, but also at the formation of groups being at high risk of cancer are necessary for improving cancer care in the Russian Far east region. These programs should be accompanied by the training of professional staff and the development of modern diagnostic and treatment regimens.

Information literacy instruction in university libraries of Islamabad, Pakistan: a study of librarians’ perceptions, practices, barriers, and strategies

PurposeThis paper aims to measure the perceptions of librarians about information literacy (IL) instruction, their current IL practices and the problems they face while offering IL instructional programs in public and private sector university libraries in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research design was adopted, and a survey was carried out for this study to collect the data through an online questionnaire for the university librarians. All librarians (a total of 120) were approached to collect the data, of whom 92 (76.6%) responded to the survey.FindingsThe findings reveal that the librarians working in the university libraries of Islamabad are aware of the significance of IL instruction to fulfil the information needs of their library users. A majority of the librarians indicated having adequate skills to offer IL instruction. Moreover, the majority of the librarians are offering IL instruction to users at their respective universities. However, some of the barriers affecting IL instruction programs were also reported including the absence of IL instruction courses in the library and information science (LIS) curriculum, a shortage of trained library professional staff to provide IL instruction, a lack of commitment among librarians for IL instruction, a lack of training opportunities for librarians and a lack of interest from library users. These obstacles have a negative effect on IL instruction in the university libraries of Islamabad. Therefore, this study suggests that librarians are needed to take several necessary steps to overcome these obstacles to achieve the best results in IL instruction programs.Originality/valueThis study presents a picture of the status of IL skills, current practices and barriers to offering IL instruction in the university libraries of Islamabad. This research bridges the gap in the existing literature and will help to create awareness about the importance of IL skills among LIS professionals in Pakistan. Moreover, the findings of this study will help encourage librarians for the enhancement of IL instruction services in university libraries of Islamabad in particular and Pakistan in general.

Dârü’l-Fünûn’dan Günümüze Türkiye’de İlahiyat/İslâmi İlimler Fakültelerinin Akademik Yapılanma Sorunu Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Türkiye’de yüksek din öğretimi kurumları, dini-bilimsel araştırmalar ya da meslek eğitimi gibi amaçlara matuf olarak kurulmuşlardır. Tarihsel bağlam içerisinde resmi/gayri resmi unsurların etkisi altında yüksek din öğretimi kurumları dönüşerek/çeşitlenerek varlıklarını korumuşlardır. Bu süreçte yüksek din öğretimi kurumlarının amaç ve kurumsallaşma sorunları müzakere edildiği gibi istihdam ve nitelik sorunları da müzakere edilmiştir. Yüksek din öğretimine ilişkin metodolojik problemlerin tartışma noktası, fakültelerin akademik yapılanma biçiminden başlamaktadır. Halihazırda İlahiyat/İslâmi İlimler Fakültelerinin eğitim-öğretime devam etmeleri ve mezunlarının istihdam edilmeleri nedeniyle fiilen sorunlar çözülmüş ya da yokmuş gibi düşünülmektedir. Bu çerçevede İlahiyat/İslâmi İlimler Fakültelerinin akademik yapılanma sorunu gündem dışı kalan ancak derinliğini kaybetmeyen bir sorun olarak durmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın temel problemi, Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca yüksek din öğretiminin akademik yapılanma sürecinin nasıl bir seyir izlediğidir. Çalışmanın alt problemleri ise İlahiyat/İslâmi İlimler Fakültelerinin, bölüm ve ana bilim dallarının oluşturulmasında hangi etmenlerin öne çıktığı, fakültedeki bölümlerin hangi süreç ve amaçla kurulduğudur. Ayrıca yüksek din öğretiminin akademik yapılanma biçiminin, fakültelerin bilimsel bilgi üretme misyonu ile uyumlu olup olmadığı birer alt problem olarak kabul edilmiştir. Yine söz konusu problemler etrafında bölümlerin bilimsel bilgi üretme ve istihdam alanına yönelik yapılanma biçimlerinin nasıl olabileceği bir problem olarak kabul edilmiştir. Yüksek din öğretiminin akademik yapılanma sorununu konu alan bu çalışmada, literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Alan yazınların taranması ve yorumlanması sonucu yeni değerlendirmelere ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Yüksek Din Öğretimini konu alan çalışmalar taranmıştır. Elde edilen çalışmalar yüksek din öğretimi tarihi ve sorunları bağlamında betimlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Yüksek din öğretimini konu alan çalışmalar içerisinde fakültenin akademik yapılanmasını konu alan çalışmalar doküman incelemesine dayalı olarak yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu değerlendirmeler sonucu, Türkiye’de 1924’ten 2020’li yıllara, Yüksek Din Öğretiminde akademik yapılanma sorununa getirilen bölüm önerileri, Yaygın ve Örgün Din Eğitimi başlıkları altında sınıflandırılmıştır. Yaygın din eğitimi bağlamında Vaizlik ve Müftülük, Dini Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik, İlahiyat Sosyal Hizmet Alanı, Hafızlık ve Müezzinlik, Yurt Dışı Din Hizmetleri, İmam-Hatip ve Vaizlik, Dünya Dinleri Kültürü, Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik bölümlerinin önerildiği tespit edilmiştir. Örgün din eğitimi bağlamında ise İmam Hatip Okulları Meslek Dersleri Öğretmenliği, Ortaöğretim Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Öğretmenliği, İlköğretim Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Öğretmenliği bölümlerinin önerildiği tespit edilmiştir. Literatürde yer alan çalışmalar incelendiğinde yüksek din öğretiminde bilgi üretme ve meslek elemanı yetiştirme amacına matuf bir akademik yapılanma için hukuki düzenlemeler yapılması gerektiği anlaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın, Türkiye’de yüksek din öğretimini konu alan çalışmalara katkı sağlaması ve yüksek din öğretimi politikalarına ışık tutması beklenmektedir.

Factors Affecting the Quality of Education Given the New Innovation Spheres of Economy

The relevance of the chosen research stems from various changes in modern society, in particular, an increasing role of education in social development (including in human life), contributing to higher standards of educational quality. Therefore, interest in the issues of educational quality assurance continues to grow each year steadily. In part, this may be attributed to the substantial role of educational institutions in professional staff training and education of the next generation, which is having a major impact on the development of the country as a whole. It is certainly important to investigate factors affecting the quality of education in view of the fact that a person can get an education both independently and within a specially organized process at the educational institution. This paper describes a methodology that identifies factors affecting the quality of education subject to modern economic and educational trends. The author has attempted to make a typology of any identified factors, developed a model of factors affecting the quality of education, as well as identified issues relating to the identification of factors associated with the quality of education.