Training Of Pharmacists Research Articles

THE SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION OF SPECIFICITIES OF PHARMACIST OCCUPATIONAL AND HIGHER MEDICAL-PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATIONAL MANIFESTATION OUTLOOKS IN GEORGIA

The main objective of the study was to analyze the challenges of specificities of pharmacist occupation and higher medical-pharmaceutical educational manifestation outlooks in Georgia. The study was a quantitative investigation and analysis of the challenges of specificities of pharmacist occupation and higher medical-pharmaceutical educational outlook in Georgia, by using questionnaires. Were conducted a survey study. The in-depth interview method of the respondents was used in the study. The 7 types of approved questionnaires were used (Respondents were randomly selected): Questionnaire for manager pharmacists: 410 chief pharmacists participated in the study. Questionnaire for patients: 1506 patients (customers of drug-stores) participated in the study. Questionnaire for the employed pharmacy faculty-student: 222 employed pharmacy faculty students participated in the study. Questionnaire for health-care specialists: 307 public health specialists participated in the study. Questionnaire for pharmacist specialist, 810 pharmacist specialists participated in the study. Were used methods of systematic, sociological (surveying, questioning), comparative, mathematical-statistical, graphical analysis.  The data were processed and analyzed with the SPSS program. We conducted descriptive statistics and regression analyses to detect an association between variables. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS version 11.0.  A Chi-square test was applied to estimate the statistical significance and differences. We defined p<0.05 as significant for all analyses. According to the study results, the level of basic training of pharmacists should be in compliance with the contemporary requirements. It is necessary to provide a deep cooperation between pharmacists and physicians on the issues of pharmacotherapy and healthcare to ensure the patients’ health state effective improvement, and also to provide the best feedback regulation and revision in the healthcare specialists’ team work. Pharmacists also should be responsible for registration of the drugs’ side effect, as well as be attentive in case of improperness and professional defects of drugs they provide. The pharmacist should have deep knowledge in pharmacology, in pharmacotherapy, in toxicology, in pharmaceutical care, in clinical pharmacy, in pharmacokinetics, in pharmacodynamics, in basic of medicine and in other pre-clinical and clinical directions. Such knowledge can be obtained only in the higher pharmaceutical education institutions. Therefore, pharmacist working in pharmacy must have only higher pharmaceutical education.

A training programme for community pharmacists to support people living with severe and persistent mental illness: Intervention mapping in the context of a pandemic

Objective: The Bridging the Gap Between Physical and Mental Illness in Community Pharmacy ( PharMIbridge) randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to test the effectiveness of a pharmacist-led support service in improving medication adherence, and the physical and mental health of people living with severe and persistent mental illness compared to a standard medication review service. Method: Using the six-step intervention mapping (IM) framework, this paper describes the development and content of the PharMIbridge pharmacist training programme, an integral part of the RCT implementation, and continuous adaptations made to the process to keep pace with the evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in Australia. A Training Working Group comprising health educators, practitioners, mental health consumers and researchers, refined the programme objectives and assisted with developing content and troubleshooting issues related to training delivery for pharmacists randomised to the RCT intervention arm. Results: A 2-day training programme was developed, which included Mental Health First Aid, simulated patient role-plays, and four pre-recorded modules using lectures, demonstration case vignettes, role-play activities and discussion. The programme, co-facilitated by project team members and mentors (pharmacist and consumer educators), aims to enhance pharmacists’ mental health literacy, skills and confidence and empower them to engage with this vulnerable population using a strengths-based approach. Pre- and post-training questionnaires and interviews will be used to evaluate the impact of the PharMIbridge training programme. Conclusion: The systematic stepwise method provided by the IM framework highlights the solution-focused approach adopted by the project team and characteristics including adaptability and resilience which enabled training development and implementation across four Australian regions during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Impact of a pharmacist‐driven antimicrobial stewardship program on the prescription of antibiotics by intensive care physicians in a Latin American hospital: A retrospective study

AbstractBackgroundThe implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (AMS) has shown to be an effective tool for the rational use of antimicrobials, but this has been challenging in several Latin American countries, due to limited resources, such as the lack of trained clinical pharmacists in infectious disease. This study aims to determine the impact of a pharmacist‐driven AMS on the prescription of antibiotics by intensive care physicians (ICPs) and the bacterial resistance patterns in a Latin American hospital.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted that compared the optimal selection and the consumption (days of therapy/1000 ICP patient‐days) of antibiotics in patients treated by intensive care unit (ICU) physicians, before and after AMS implementation, defined as pre‐AMS (January–December 2014) and post‐AMS (January 2020–March 2021) at Hospital Clínica Bíblica, Costa Rica. Bacterial resistance patterns were also compared.Results333 patients met the inclusion criteria (52% pre‐AMS and 48% post‐AMS). After a five‐year intervention, the optimal antibiotic selection prescribed by ICP was 43.1% (n = 75) in the pre‐AMS period and 86.8% (n = 138) in the post‐AMS period (43.7% absolute improvement, P < 0.001). The prescription trends of some antibiotics showed an improvement, such as ertapenem in 45% (P < 0.001) and levofloxacin in 59% (P < 0.001). Also, there was an improvement in some empiric antibiotic prescriptions with the diagnosis, including an increase of 32% (P < 0.001) in Community‐Acquired Pneumonia. There was a reduction in the consumption of antimicrobials including a decrease of 66.9% (P = 0.017) for vancomycin and 64.7% (P = 0.033) for meropenem. Regarding bacterial resistance, the study found a decrease of 11% (P = 0.048) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to meropenem and a reduction in the detection of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase in Escherichia coli (11% decrease; P = 0.007).ConclusionThe pharmacist‐driven AMS showed a positive impact on antibiotic selection and consumption in ICU patients. In addition, strategies implemented through the AMS could have had a beneficial impact on antibiotic resistance.

Designing a pharmacist primary care certificate training program based on employer perceptions

BackgroundAs the pharmacy profession transforms toward practice centered around direct patient care and clinical services, upskilling the existing workforce may be required for pharmacists to take on expanded roles, especially in an increasingly competitive job market. ObjectiveTo explore pharmacist employer perceptions of a primary care certificate training program including its design, value, and relevance and to develop and implement a pharmacist primary care certificate training program based on study results. MethodsFocus groups were conducted to a point of saturation in December 2020 via video conference. Participants were identified via the study institution's continuing professional development registrant listserv and invited to participate via self-selection. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and underwent inductive thematic analysis. ResultsFour focus groups were conducted with 15 pharmacist employers. Employers perceived primary care certificate training as valuable, helping pharmacists sustain shifting roles and increasing opportunities in a competitive job market. A combination of clinical and practice management topics with emphasis on an experiential component was recommended to achieve expected competency levels and favorably influence hiring decisions. The primary care certificate was specifically recommended to pharmacists aiming to transition into primary care or for pharmacists who did not complete residency training. ConclusionsThis study's findings informed development of a pharmacist primary care certificate program containing didactic and experiential training on a variety of key topics. As pharmacists' roles evolve, this program may prepare pharmacists to engage in direct patient care and develop skills and expertise necessary to succeed in outpatient primary care.

Pharmacists and Mental Health First Aid training: A comparative analysis of confidence, mental health assistance behaviours and perceived barriers.

Pharmacists are aptly positioned to provide first aid-level assistance to patients experiencing a mental health problem or crisis, yet often lack confidence or perceive barriers to intervention. One potential solution is Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training-an evidence-based psycho-educational programme. This study evaluates MHFA training within pharmacy by (1) assessing pharmacists' perceptions of the prevalence of patients experiencing a mental health-related problem or crisis, (2) investigating whether MHFA is associated with increased confidence, intervention and assistance quality and (3) examining perceived intervention barriers. Pharmacists working in Australia were surveyed. The survey included validated measures and research objectives were assessed using descriptives and ANOVAs. One hundred sixty-one pharmacists were included; 90 MHFA trained and 71 untrained. Overall, 86% of reported encountering at least one patient perceived to be experiencing a mental health problem or crisis in the last year. MHFA trained pharmacists reported being more confident, with notable differences in their confidence to recognize signs, approach and ask someone about suicide. Pharmacists did not intervene ~25% of the time in which a problem/ crisis was identified. When they did intervene, results suggest the assistance was similar in content. Intervention barriers were reported to impede MHFA trained pharmacists significantly less than untrained pharmacists. Results suggest pharmacists frequently encounter patients experiencing a mental health problem or crisis and that MHFA training may support pharmacists in helping these patients. Future research can utilize experimental methods to provide causal evidence as to the utility of MHFA training for pharmacists and patients.

Survey in Hyogo Prefecture on the Current Status of Pharmacists in Home Health Care and Exploration of Factors Causing Psychological Burden

There is a need for pharmacists to be actively involved in home healthcare through a wide range of collaboration in healthcare and welfare. However, insufficient evidence is available to search for factors that prevent pharmacists from being proactive in home healthcare. In this study, we conducted an extensive questionnaire survey among pharmacists engaged in home pharmacy work who belong to the Hyogo Pharmaceutical Society regarding the current status of pharmacists' work in home medical care and their psychological burden; we also explored the factors that may hinder the future development of home medical care. As a result, 925 (44%) valid responses were obtained, and seven factors- "current multidisciplinary cooperation", "relationships with patients and their families", "emotional burden for home healthcare", "attitude toward patients", "ideal of multidisciplinary cooperation", "anxiety about aggressive intervention", and "anxiety about talking to and dealing with patients"- were extracted. Furthermore, it was suggested that pharmacists' mental burden and anxiety are closely related to their successful experiences in building relationships with patients and patients' families as well as with multidisciplinary cooperation in home healthcare. Therefore, to train pharmacists to be actively involved in home healthcare, it is important not only to impart knowledge and skills but also for them to gain experience practicing their contributions as pharmacists in the field of home healthcare with multiple professions, patients, and patients' families.

SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE ROLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE IN THE DISPENSING OF MEDICINES FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF ACNE

Relevance. Acne is the most common dermatological problem, the treatment of which requires a personalized approach for each patient. However, many patients refer to self-medication.
 Objective. To analyze the role of pharmaceutical care in dispensing medicines for the prevention and treatment of acne according to the results of a questionnaire survey.
 Materials and methods. 100 pharmacy workers were surveyed according to a single specially developed protocol, considering issues related to the dispensing of anti-acne drugs. Standardization, an anonymous questionnaire, statistical and graphic methods were used.
 Results. It was found that 89% of the surveyed pharmacy workers recommend drugs for the treatment/prevention of acne to visitors. In particular, azelaic acid (74%), salicylic acid (31%), clindamycin (49%), and benzoyl peroxide (37%) are more frequent recommendations. More than half of the respondents, mostly employees with 4-6 years of work experience (р<0.05), recommend visitors to take sorbents in combination with anti-acne drugs. It is important to note that almost 20% of pharmaceutical workers were contacted by visitors with the appearance of side reactions after using anti-acne drugs. Visitors note such complications as dryness (31.4%) and redness of the skin (19.6%), increased rash (21.6%). It has been established that most pharmacy workers provide visitors with information on medicines for responsible self-treatment and acne prevention. However, more than 30% of pharmacists do not use the "Prevention and symptomatic treatment of acne" protocol.
 Conclusions. Therefore, the provision of pharmaceutical care is a necessary condition for ensuring effective and safe pharmacotherapy of acne. While high-quality pharmaceutical care is possible if the pharmacy employees follow the pharmacist's protocol. Postgraduate training of pharmacists in pharmaceutical care in dermatology is important.

The impact of human resources for health on the health outcomes of Chinese people

Human resources for health (HRH) is a cornerstone in the medical system. This paper combined data envelopment analysis (DEA) with Tobit regression analysis to evaluate the efficiency of health care services in China over the years between 2007 and 2019. Efficiency was first estimated by using DEA with the choice of inputs and outputs being specific to health care services and residents’ health status. Malmquist index model was selected for estimating the changes in total factor productivity of provinces and exploring whether their performance had improved over the years. Tobit regression model was then employed in which the efficiency score obtained from the DEA computations used as the dependent variable, and HRH was chosen as the independent variables. The results showed that all kinds of health personnel had a significantly positive impact on the efficiency, and more importantly, pharmacists played a critical role in affecting both the provincial and national efficiency. Therefore, the health sector should pay more attention to optimizing allocation of HRH and focusing on professional training of clinical pharmacists.

Black student perspectives to inform actionable steps toward diversity, equity, and inclusion in pharmacy residency programs

AbstractIntroductionPharmacy residency training is a valuable tool in the advanced postgraduate training of clinical pharmacists. Although there is literature about increasing diversity in medical residencies, there is a lack of literature about initiatives to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion in pharmacy residencies.ObjectivesTo describe the perspectives of Black students about pharmacy residency and to assist institutions and pharmacy residency programs in improving diversity, equity, and inclusion.MethodsFour residency focus groups were conducted among Black students in the second through fourth years of a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) program at a college of pharmacy in the United States. Five pharmacy year 2 (P2) students, 12 pharmacy year 3 (P3) students, and eight pharmacy year 4 (P4) students participated. The average age was 25.5 years and the sample was 84% female. A qualitative analysis was conducted based on results from the focus groups using a “restorying” approach for analysis due to a lack of a pre‐existing framework to narrate Black student pharmacists' experience in seeking residency training.ResultsThe Black students in this study expressed apprehensiveness about multiple components of the residency attainment process, including representation during recruitment and potential racial bias during the application and interview process. Cost was an additional concern expressed by students throughout the focus groups.ConclusionThe results of this study can inform institutions and pharmacy residency programs as to the perception of Black residency candidates. Although increasing diversity, equity, and inclusion is important in the overall pharmacy academy, individual programs can work to improve their processes for recruitment and interviewing to improve overall equity and inclusion, not only for the pharmacy residency programs, but for the patients they serve.

Student pharmacists' attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge regarding opioid use, misuse, and overdose: Four years of data

IntroductionThe American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy has urged pharmacy faculty to commit to actions to reduce the public health threat from opioid use and misuse. Optimizing student pharmacist training necessitates understanding changes in their attitudes and perceptions over time. This study assessed student attitudes, perceptions, and understanding of addiction, opioid use and misuse, and opioid overdose over four sequential years, from 2016 to 2019. MethodsThe participants were third-professional year doctor of pharmacy students enrolled in a required course. Participants voluntarily completed a 27-statement survey to determine student attitudes, perceptions, and understanding. ResultsA total of 452 participants completed the survey (response rate = 76.5%). Of the 27 survey items, five survey statements showed year on year positive increases in specific student attitudes towards addiction, hopefulness for its treatment, and confidence to use and train opioid overdose reversal agents. These yearly changes did not appear to be related to any changes in the academic aptitude of the students. The 22 remaining statements showed positive and stable attitudes towards self-perceived understanding of opioid use and misuse, hopefulness for its treatment, and the role of pharmacists. ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first large multiyear assessment of student pharmacists' attitudes, perceptions, and understanding of opioid use, misuse, and overdose. The data indicate favorable and improving attitudes. Knowledge of student attitudes, perceptions, and understanding regarding opioid use, misuse, and overdose will aid in the development of effective training programs for students in our, and other colleges of pharmacy.

Implementation of a multidisciplinary inpatient opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution program at a large academic medical center.

Opioid overdose-related deaths continue to rise. Despite public health efforts, there is still variability in obtainment of naloxone, a lifesaving antidote. We share our experience in the implementation of a novel opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) program at a large academic medical center. Collaborative efforts made by pharmacists, pharmacy students, physicians, nurses, and recovery coaches were employed in the design of the program. The service was available Monday through Friday, 9 am to 6 pm, and primarily carried out by pharmacy students on a rotating basis. Services offered included bedside delivery of naloxone and education prior to the day of discharge. In preparation for their role, the pharmacy students were required to complete a series of trainings and competency assessments. A total of 40 patients were included in the program evaluation. Of the completed consults 96.7% (n = 30) of patients received both counseling and naloxone delivery. Eighty percent of patients had a history of nonfatal opioid overdose, but only 37.5% had naloxone listed as a home medication. OEND services were provided to 66% of individuals with patient-directed discharges. Implementation of an inpatient OEND program by mobilizing trained student pharmacists is feasible and expands naloxone access to patients during transitions of care. A similar model could be considered in the future for the delivery of harm reduction supplies to this patient population.

Discussions of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's Study Group on Training and Quality Improvement of Pharmacists

The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's "Study Group on the Training and Qualification Improvement of Pharmacists" met 10 times from July 2000 to June 2021, and its "Summary" was published on June 30, 2021. The purpose of this study group was to examine the future of pharmacists in Japan, based on the results of a survey on the supply and demand of pharmacists, in the face of the declining birth rate, aging population, and regional differences in population. The study group also assessed changes in the roles and duties of pharmacists, such as the promotion of family pharmacists and pharmacies, the promotion of team medicine in medical institutions, and the response of pharmacists to the regional comprehensive care system. The purpose of this symposium was to discuss how to train and improve the quality of pharmacists in the future, while taking into account the results of the survey on the estimated supply and demand of pharmacists. In this symposium, we would like to introduce what was actively discussed in the study group and what was compiled based on the discussion.

The Pediatric Pharmacy Association and Members Threaded Through a Career and the Impact on Pediatric Drug Development.

The Pediatric Pharmacy Association and Members Threaded Through a Career and the Impact on Pediatric Drug Development.

Issuance of Recommendation Entitled "Profession and Lifelong Learning of Pharmacists Responsible for Sustainable Medical Care" by Science Council of Japan and Subsequent Response

In order to provide sustainable medical care in a super-aging society, pharmacists are required to play a role in integrated community care systems in cooperation with multiple professionals, in addition to prescription-based dispensing. We propose the necessity of building an interprofessional information sharing system, lifelong training for pharmacists, and the establishment of a professional certification system.

Clinical Training of Pharmacists after Licensure and Career Paths in Medical Institutions

In order to provide safe and effective pharmaceutical care to patients and their family members in clinical practice, pharmacists should receive appropriate clinical training after obtaining their license, as is standard in other medical professions. At present, there is no national framework in Japan for the early clinical training of pharmacists after licensure. However, pharmacy residency programs have been autonomously developed and implemented at some university hospitals and other medical institutions. This article describes the current status of clinical training of pharmacists after licensure in Japan. Furthermore, the standards for pharmacy residency programs, the outline of a core program for clinical training, and the career paths of hospital pharmacists after training are discussed.

The Role of Pharmaceutical Compounding in Promoting Medication Adherence.

Pharmaceutical compounding is an important component of pharmacy practice despite its low prevalence. Several therapeutic needs can be met by a compounded medicine such as dosing adjusted for pediatric patients, special drug combinations, medicines for patients allergic to a given excipient, and medicines for orphan drugs not provided by the pharmaceutical industry. Examples of such applications are provided in this review. Adherence to medication is a critical public health issue as nonadherence to pharmacotherapy has been associated with adverse outcomes and higher costs of patient care. Adherence to therapy represents a key factor in the reduction in morbidity and mortality and optimization of the use of financial resources. The role of pharmaceutical compounding in promoting medication adherence is underexploited. The customization might represent a positive reinforcement of the initiation of the treatment, while implementation and persistence might also be favored in a pharmacy setting. However, studies addressing the influence of compounding in adherence promotion are lacking in the literature. The results of such studies could support health policies including proper regulatory framework, pharmacist training, and information to health care practitioners.

Les pharmaciens d’officine sont aussi des acteurs du 1er recours. Résultats de l’enquête demandes de soins non programmés dans les officines du Grand Est

According to the Public Healthcare Code, contributing to primary care is one of the pharmacist's key missions. Accessibility without appointment and the territorial network of pharmacies make the pharmacist an essential player in the management of unscheduled care, which remains an important gateway for users into the primary care system. This type of requests, daily in pharmacies, has not been yet the subject of a qualitative or quantitative evaluation. The Grand-Est Region, regrouping nearly 8% of French pharmacies, wanted to conduct a specific survey to quantify and assess the unscheduled care requests addressed to pharmacists on its territory. The survey by URPS Pharmacists and ARS Grand-Est was conducted by Tous Pour la Santé over a period of 12months from November 2020 to November 2021. Participation in the study was on a voluntary basis. The main objective of this study was to define the typology of unscheduled care requests addressed to the Region pharmacies and to characterize the responses provided. One hundred and eighty-nine pharmacies (nearly 12% of Grand Est pharmacies, the participation rate could certainly have been higher if the study had not been conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic), representing 11,010 unscheduled care requests, took part in the survey. Despite the profession's massive desire to get involved in handling unscheduled care requests, the survey revealed a lack of specific training for pharmacists on this subject and an all-too-rare update from the AFGSU. User requests concern both daily healthcare needs and more specific chronic patients' needs. They evolve according to the profile of the applicant, the seasons, the days of the week and the type of pharmacy concerned. All ages are represented, including young adults. The average duration of care by the pharmacy team was 8minutes per request, even though in 20% of cases this did not lead to any delivery of product and in 11% of cases to no remuneration for the pharmacist. This survey confirmed the role of the pharmacist in responding to unscheduled care requests as a first-line actor and referral agent in the health system. The implementation of shared multiprofessional protocols, including first and foremost general practionners, and the recognition of the contribution of pharmacy teams would allow to define a framework to optimize the patient's journey through the healthcare system.

The potential role of community pharmacy staff in reducing patient delay in consulting with symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a qualitative study

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis which can cause joint damage and reduced quality of life. Early treatment of RA within 3 months of symptom onset is associated with improved clinical outcomes. However, this window of opportunity is often missed. One important contributing factor is patients with symptoms of RA delaying consulting their general practitioner (GP). Previous research indicates that patients with inflammatory arthritis are likely to visit pharmacies for advice before consulting their GP. Therefore, pharmacists are well positioned to identify patients with symptoms of early inflammatory arthritis and signpost them appropriately. This research examines community pharmacy staff’s knowledge, perceptions, and approaches to management of patients presenting with symptoms of RA in order to identify training needs and other opportunities for intervention to enhance the role of pharmacy staff in the pathway to care.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 community pharmacy staff in the West Midlands (UK), during a 12-month period (2017–2018). The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis facilitated by NVivo 12.ResultsThere was considerable variation in knowledge and perceptions of RA and the need for early treatment amongst pharmacists and other pharmacy staff. The potential role of pharmacists and other pharmacy staff in reducing delay in help-seeking was also discussed. Four themes emerged from thematic analysis: (1) Variations in perceptions and knowledge about RA. (2) The role of the pharmacy in increasing public awareness about RA. (3) The role of the pharmacy staff in facilitating access to the GP. (4) Practical considerations for pharmacy-based interventions.ConclusionVariability in knowledge and perceptions of RA amongst pharmacists, and amongst other pharmacy staff will affect effective signposting of suspected RA cases. This study identifies opportunities for enhanced training of community pharmacists and other pharmacy staff in relation to inflammatory arthritis as well as other pharmacy-based interventions, such as public awareness campaigns about RA and other musculoskeletal conditions. Together with existing referral services and other pharmacy-based initiatives this could result in enhanced signposting to GP consultation or other appropriate NHS services for inflammatory symptoms and reduced treatment delay.

Organization of the Pharmaceutical Business, Drug Technology and Forensic Pharmacy: Modern Trends in The Development of the Science of Pharmaceutical Law During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected modern trends in the training of doctors and pharmacists and their professional development. At the same time, the pandemic contributed to the development of the science of pharmaceutical law, as a basis for optimizing the legislation of Ukraine regarding the organization of pharmaceutical affairs in pharmacies and health care institutions, and thanks to modern research on the search for drug technology, it contributed to the creation of vital vaccines for the prevention of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. At the same time, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the health care and pharmaceutical industry, based on the principles of medical and pharmaceutical law, showed that specialists can minimize forensic pharmaceutical risks in the system of legal relations "doctor-patient-pharmacist-lawyer" by ensuring the access of patients, the population and health care institutions to the circulation of medicinal products of all clinical and pharmacological groups, nomenclature and legal groups and classification and legal groups, in accordance with ICD-11.

STUDY OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF RESOURCE SCIENCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE FORMATION OF A PHARMACEUTICAL SPECIALIST

The article reveals the main tasks of resource science of medicinal plants, the expediency of studying the discipline in the process of receiving undergraduate education, and the prospects of their use in the practical field. The significance of the learning outcomes in the pharmacist training system caused by the need for practical implementation of the preparation of medicinal plant raw materials is highlighted, since medicinal plants are one of the sources of obtaining medicinal products in modern medicine. Directions for improving the training of a highly qualified specialist are summarized.