Training Occupations Research Articles

Vocational Training and Career Development in Germany: Results from a Longitudinal Study

The present paper presents empirical results from a German panel study which collected longitudinal data regarding the job entry of young adults in six of the top training occupations in the service and technical-industrial sectors. The data clearly demonstrate the influence of gender and social origin on the access to training in particular occupations. Furthermore, the existence of gender and occupation-specific patterns of career development is demonstrated. However, the apprenticeship system also provides mobility opportunities which depend on the specific training occupation. Moving along a certain occupational pathway results in an interplay between the structural opportunities and constraints of occupational contexts, on the one hand, and the young workers’ aspirations and orientations, on the other. These orientations and aspirations were investigated with qualitative methods which helped to identify different modes of biographical action orientations of young workers.

Simulator of track circuit for urban/suburban transit system

The paper presents a Matlab/Simulink based simulator of track circuit for urban/suburban transit system. The sub-systems in this simulator includes the Simulink models for running rails, transmitter, receiver, boosting unit, train occupation and termination circuit. All signals in the track circuit can be observed on the computer screen. The parameters for the running rails were measured in field with real carrier frequencies to account for skin effect and eddy currents. To investigate the impact of train position on the receiver signals, the running rail model for a fixed track length is implemented as two variable length track circuits, separated by the moving train. The impacts of track length, boosting unit, and carrier frequency can also be investigated by means of this simulator. The results from this simulator have been confirmed by comparisons with measurements.

A statistical analysis of fatal collisions and derailments of passenger trains on British Railways: 1967-1996

This paper presents a statistical analysis of collisions and derailments involving loaded or empty passenger trains on British Railways in the 30 year period 1967 to 1996 that resulted in fatalities to train occupants. The main conclusions are that there has been a long-term fall of about 4 per cent per year in the accident rate, from about three accidents to one accident per 20 billion passenger-miles between the start and the end of the period; that there is no significant difference in the accident rates of Mark 1 and post-Mark 1 passenger rolling stock; but that post-Mark 1 stock has significantly fewer fatalities per accident than Mark 1 stock. Estimates are made of the average savings in casualties that could be expected from further withdrawals of Mark 1 stock.

Mobilization Training and Civilian Occupation

Mobilization Training and Civilian Occupation

Atraumatic osteolysis of the distal clavicle. Results of open surgical excision.

A group of 14 patients underwent 17 consecutive open surgical excisions of the distal clavicle for atraumatic osteolysis after having failed conservative treatment. All patients were men involved in weight training or heavy-lifting occupations. The diagnosis was based on no history of shoulder trauma, positive plain radiographs, and positive joint scintigraphy. All 14 patients were available for followup at an average of 25 months postoperatively. The UCLA Shoulder Rating Scale was used for evaluation. All patients reported full return to sports and employment at a satisfactory level. All results were rated as excellent (8) or good (9). Eleven of the 14 patients had bilateral involvement to some extent. One patient had undergone open excision of the contralateral distal clavicle before the study and 3 patients presented with bilateral symptoms and underwent staged bilateral excisions during the study. Seven patients presented with contralateral symptoms and radiographic involvement at latest followup after return to weight-lifting activities.

Effects of Training, Occupation, and Training-Occupation Match on Wage

This paper investigates the interactions of secondary vocational training and training-related occupation on the wage of the first job obtained in the two years immediately after high school. Prior empirical tests of the importance of a training-related occupation in determining labor market outcomes are misspecified because they do not separate training-related effects from effects of the type of occupation entered. Since the concept of a training-related occupation is based on a match between the type of training and the type of occupation, it is possible that apparent effects of a training-related occupation are, in fact, only an effect of the occupation with which the training is matched. We use data from the younger cohort of the High School and Beyond sample to conduct an evaluation of the importance of a training-related occupation. Our findings agree with past research in that large positive coefficients are associated with work in a training-related occupation when the type of occupation is omitted from the model. However, when the type of occupation is included, nearly all the effects on wage are associated with occupation and not with training nor with a training-related occupation. Estimates from both OLS and switching regressions are consistent with these conclusions.

Another look at TOPS

The last three years has seen the expansion both in variety and scope of re‐training courses organised under the Department of Employment. In the commercial sphere these courses cover secretarial skills, accounting procedures and general clerical work, but they are only a small part of the whole range of craft re‐training courses which are available to those who satisfy the Department they can benefit from a course and will reach an employable standard in the training occupation at the end of their course. The growing demand by many branches of industry for trained office workers has resulted in the Department of Employment increasing the facilities under the training opportunities scheme — commonly known as TOPS — for training in commercial skills in technical colleges and colleges of further education throughout the country.

Train Occupancy Rate and Facility Optimization in Rapid Transit Systems

Train Occupancy Rate and Facility Optimization in Rapid Transit Systems

Race, Aptitude and Vocational Interests

One hundred Negro ninth graders were matched with 100 Caucasian ninth graders on the basis of scores attained on the Multiple Aptitude Test. Aptitude scores were then correlated with vocational interest scores derived from the Picture Interest Inventory. When matched, correlations between aptitude and interest were found to be negligible and to be differentiating between the races to only a small degree. Vocational interests of the two races, on the other hand, were found to be significantly different. The Negro youth was interested in interpersonal, business, verbal, computational, and long training occupations; the Caucasian, in occupations concerned with nature and with machines.

The New Unemployment Act Popularly Explained: A Simple Description of Insurance Benefit, the New Unemployment Assistance Scheme, Training and Voluntary Occupation

The New Unemployment Act Popularly Explained: A Simple Description of Insurance Benefit, the New Unemployment Assistance Scheme, Training and Voluntary Occupation