Training Booklet Research Articles

Educating fathers to improve breastfeeding rates and paternal-infant attachment.

To determine the effect of breastfeeding education provided to fathers on breastfeeding rates and paternal-infant attachment. 117 couples with their infants with the inclusion criteria: knowledge of reading, writing and speaking Turkish; living in the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus until their infants were six months old; and infants having no health problems preventing the early initiation of breastfeeding. Participants were divided into 3 groups (2 experimental and 1 control). Breastfeeding education was provided to the mothers (20 min/d) in the first group (n=38) and to the mothers and fathers in the second group (n=39) (20 min/d/parent) until they were discharged from the hospital. This education was supplemented by a training booklet. The parents and their infants were followed until the infants were six months old. Exclusive breastfeeding rates and Paternal-Infant Attachment Scale scores at six months were main outcome measures. Exclusive breastfeeding rates (56.4%, 33.3% and 12.8%; P<0.001) and mean (SD) Paternal-Infant Attachment Scale scores [89.51(7.05), 82.37 (12.80) and 73.38 (18.67); P<0.001] were highest in the group where education was provided to both mother and father. Providing breastfeeding education to fathers increases exclusive breastfeeding rates and strengthens paternal attachment.

Application of the standardization level training booklet in the training for the oper-ating room nurse

Objective To explore the application of the standardization level training booklet in the training for the operating room nurses.Methods A＆quot;standardization level training manual＆quot;was formulated according to different level of nurses and distributed to each one for implementation.Results The operative cooperation , emergency handling capacity and overall quality were significantly improved after a standardization level training.Theoretical knowledge were more comprehensive , doctors were more satisfied with the nurses job.Conclusions The application effects of the standardization level training booklet for the operating room nurses are very good .It has strong practicability , and is worthy of spreading in clinic. Key words: Standardization; Level training; Operating room

Evaluation of a randomized controlled complex educational intervention on diabetic patients in Erzurum Province

Aim: This research was carried out with the aim of determining of the impact of diabetic training given to the patients with type 2 on the health belief, level of knowledge and management of diabetes. Materials and methods: The sample of the study consisted of 128 patients, 60 of them experiments and 68 of them controls. A six-month educational programme including diabetes training booklet and group interviews and telephone communication and consultancy prepared in the direction of health belief model were applied to the patients in experiment group, and routine control were made for the patient in control group. Results: It was found out that the intervention carried out provided a positive changing in health belief about diabetes, and that it increased the level of knowledge, and that it affected positively the management of the diabetes (p

Board 417 - Research Abstract Bedside Ultrasound in Clinical Diagnoses

Introduction/Background Ultrasound is a low cost, noninvasive, rapidly performed examination that Results in reduced test to treatment times. As a result ultrasound is becoming a ubiquitous imaging modality in many hospital systems.1-5 However, there is limited literature on ultrasound training and use in internal medicine departments. We sought to determine the current ability of internal medicine residents to image abdominal organs and whether training on the Vimedix Ultrasound Simulator influenced their accuracy immediately after and at onemonth follow-up. We also sought to determine any change in their perceived level of confidence. Methods IRB approval was obtained. Twelve third year and 13 first year medicine residents participated in the study. Residents with prior certification in ultrasound were excluded. All participants completed a questionnaire to self-rate their confidence scanning abdominal organs. Participants were then assigned to the Vimedix normal “patient” or one of five pathology programs (selected based upon their frequency on floors Renal Cyst, Cholecystitis with Cholelithiasis, Hepatic Abscess, Small and Large Ascites ). Participants were told the patient had abdominal pain and were asked to use ultrasound to make a diagnosis. Performance scores and time to diagnosis were recorded. Scan time of four minutes was alloted. Performance scores were determined by: 1) 5 points - correct diagnosis/pathology/organ; 2) 1 point - each organ scanned correctly as normal; 3) 1 point - scan-time < than 4 minutes; 4) 1 point - deducted for over diagnoses/pathology/organ. All participants were provided with a short booklet describing scanning techniques for each abdominal organ. Half of the group was randomly trained with a five minute demonstration on the simulator. The same scanning exercise was repeated at 24 hours and one month. Students ’t’ test was used for statistical analyses. Results All participant groups demonstrated statistically significant increase in their performance scores after minimal ultrasound training. All groups maintain improvement from baseline at the one month follow-up but a decrease from the 24 hour performance. Both booklet alone and booklet with simulation-based demonstration group had similar performance increases. First year resident’s baseline mean performance score was 3.4 pts and 4.5 organs scanned, vs. 24 hour follow up (booklet alone 10 pts. (P = 0.001), with booklet and demo 13.5 pts. (P=0.0001), and 8.9 organs scanned), and 1 month follow up (booklet alone 8 pts. (P=0.019), booklet and demo 7 pts. (P=0.017) with 5.3 organs scanned). Third year resident’s baseline mean performance score was 4.5 pts. with 6 organs scanned vs. 24 hour follow up (booklet alone 13 pts. (P=0.0013), booklet and demo 13.8 pts. (P=0.0001), with 8 organs scanned) and 1 month follow up (booklet alone 9 pts. (P=0.021), booklet and demo 8 pts. (P=0.094), with 6 organs scanned. The mean perceived confidence level of all participants increased from 4.1 to 5.3 with training. Conclusion The resident’s performance scores increased with minimal instruction. The training booklet alone and booklet with bedside demonstration resulted in similar levels of performance increase. After training, residents seemed more able to identify normal organs resulting in a decrease in overdiagnosis. Training also helped the residents adopt a systematic approach allowing them to scan more organs in the same time duration. Additionally the 1 year residents with training outperformed 3 year residents without training suggesting that an extremely limited but focused training session may be a more effective training modality than years of passive observation. Performance levels of all participants at the 1 month interval remained improved from the baseline assessment but showed some decay from the 24 hour interval; this may indicate a need for additional training for retention and skill maintenance. Larger studies are required for stronger demonstration of the efficacy of bedside ultrasound training.

Central Sterile Services: The Critical Link between Manufacturer and Surgeon

It is at the time of use that a medical device must perform exactly as it was designed and intended. It is the role of Central Sterile Services (CSS) to assure this objective. To accomplish this challenging task, CSS needs the support and expertise of device manufacturers.Often, as devices are introduced into a hospital, the manufacturer's representative instructs nurses and physicians on how to use the device. Unfortunately, the CSS staff may be overlooked entirely, which can lead to errors. Processing errors undermine patient care and can erode clinical satisfaction with the device. It is important to understand that the manufacturer's representative may be knowledgeable in the use of the device, but lack reprocessing knowledge.CSS plays a major role in device use. This is especially true for devices undergoing sterilization. Before the device is packaged, the CSS technician is the last one to handle it. Once the device is packaged, it is sterilized. When it is opened, it is intended to be used directly on a patient; there is no room for error. The device must be sterile and fully functional.To help ensure that a device is prepared exactly as intended, manufacturers should include CSS staff in device introduction and training. It is incumbent upon the manufacturer to consult the CSS manger when introducing new devices into the healthcare facility. This helps to ensure that the proper resources—such as staffing, time, equipment, and packaging—are available. Training CSS staff is every bit as important as training the direct caregivers. For best results, the initial training should take place with a manufacturer's representative. The training must be based on the manufacturer's “instructions for use” (IFU) and a standard CSS processes. Therefore, the representative must be fully educated on all facets of device processing that are stated in the IFU. It's essential that all CSS processes—including cleaning, quality assurance, assembly, disinfection or packaging requirements, and sterilization modalities—are addressed, starting when the device arrives in the decontamination room.Healthcare facilities must have current IFU on file for reference. Having additional training resources further helps in consistent accurate preparation of the device. Training material that CSS staff often find effective include training booklets, wall charts, and videos. Many manufacturers have their IFU, along with instructional videos, posted on their website. In addition, some manufacturers of complex devices have “train the trainer” programs or specialists trained for the reprocessing function. Periodic training programs might be needed to clear up any misunderstandings and ensure everyone understands proper procedures.The bottom line: Even though CSS professionals are not present in the delivery of patient care, they—along with nurses, physicians, or radiology technicians—are crucial members of the patient-care delivery team. To help assure that a device functions exactly as it was designed, the manufacturer must team up with CSS to provide the necessary training and support. After all, the CSS technician is the last person to handle a sterile device before it is presented to a surgeon and used on a patient.

Effect of Dimethoate on mortality and Biochemical changes of Freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton)

Patients undergoing open heart surgery due to various reasons become depressed and anxious. In this study, therefore, we attempted investigate the impact of training on the anxiety level of the patients candidate for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). This is a quasi-experimental study. The samples were 70 patients admitted to coronary artery bypass surgery in Yazd Afshar Hospital. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups experimental and control. Experimental group were patients trained before surgery by using the training booklet, but the control group only received usual training. Data collection consisted of two parts; demographic information and Anxiety Inventory Spielberg questionnaire for determining the anxiety level. The results obtained by using the statistical software SPSS and descriptive statistics, comparison of means, paired t-test, and ANOVA, were analyzed. The mean age of the samples was 54.47 ±10.26 years. On admission the mean anxiety score for the control group was 34.62 ± 5.31 and for the experimental group 37.97±7.39. However after training, in the experimental group, the anxiety means score was 25.91±6.65 whereas in the control group was 33.71±5.07. Anxiety level in the experimental group compared with control group before training significantly reduced. (P-Value=0.04) No relationship was found between the patients’ educational level, sex, and the mean score on anxiety score between the two groups before and after training. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that training by “training books” before open heart surgery can be a solution to reduce the patient anxiety. It is recommended, therefore, that nurses make use of this method alongside other interventions to provide comfort to patients.

279 – The reduction in anxiety and depression by education of patients with myocardial infarction

Background: The myocardial infarction is the interruption of blood circulation heart that causes its cells to die. This deprives the heart muscle of blood and oxygen, and causes chest pain and pressure sensation. Hypertension and other risk factors like high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity, can lead to coronary heart diseases with symptoms of depression and anxiety that predict subsequent mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education on anxiety and depression in patients with myocardial infarction in selected hospitals of Urmia hospitals in 2009. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study that comprised 124 patients selected randomly and divided into two groups. The experimental group was educated by a face to face training and educational booklet. Control group did not receive any intervention. The level of anxiety and depression was evaluated by using HADS questionnaire at 3 intervals .After 48 hours of admission, discharge day and 2 months after discharge. Results: The findings suggest that MI patients worried about their social role, interpersonal relations and personal health, which can exacerbate symptoms and complicate their future care. There was no significant differ ence between control and experimental groups before the intervention, But after the intervention, anxiety and depression in the experimental group was significantly less than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the beneficial effect of intervention on reducing anxiety and depression in such patients, the patient’s education should be one of the health care goals. Most researches may also be required to confirm the results in other groups of patients.

The Effect of Training Booklet on anxiety level of the patient’s candidate for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG)

The Effect of Training Booklet on anxiety level of the patient’s candidate for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG)

Knowledge about the Complications of Obesity in People and effect of Training Booklet to Increase their Awareness

Introduction: The relationship between weight and health, is a complex process. About 31% of people between 20 and 79 years are obese (6), but body fat distribution is important , so that fat excess in the abdomen, increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Men with waist more than 102cm and women with waist more than 85cm or those with BMI = 35 or higher (even without identity waist), are in health risk (1). Factors such as tobacco misuse ,increasing LDL, decreasing HDL, reducing the daily activities and positive family history ... with obesity, increase the risk of diseases (7). Increasing knowledge of people about these risk factors and avoid them, can reduce the risk of diseases - type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease - thus it 's be effective to increasing the useful life of people. Objective: The purpose of this study was investigation of people 's knowledge about complications of obesity and influence of training booklet in their awareness. Also in this study, people 's comments were collected about increasing educational effects of training booklet. Materials and Method: This quasi-experimental study was done, in health centers of Boroujerd, 2009 . In this study, 66 couples referred to health centers were selected by random sampling. Criteria for entering the study for couples, was having high BMI (more than 27) or abdominal obesity, data collected by questionnaires in two stages (before and after intervention) , and were analyzed by SPSS13 software. Results: In this study, mean age was 38.8 years (with SD=10.7).The results showed that before education, awareness about the complications of obesity in people was low and 43.9% of people wasn't familiar with the complications of obesity and other people had low to moderate awareness.38% of people were not aware of the causes of obesity and about 58.5% of people were aware of causes of obesity, but were not informed how to control the factors. After studying of educational booklet, 69.7% to 77.3% of people had high to very high Knowledge about the complications and the causes of obesity and its risk factors and how to prevent obesity and its complications. In general 97% , were recommended the study of booklet to others. Conclusion: With importance to prevalence of obesity and its role in increase dangerous diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, the appropriate and accessible educational tools is essential to raise awareness of people.

Impact of the training on the compliance and persistence of weekly bisphosphonate treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled study.

Long-term patient adherence to osteoporosis treatment is poor despite proven efficacy. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of active patient training on treatment compliance and persistence in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. In the present national, multicenter, randomized controlled study, postmenopausal osteoporosis patients (45-75 years) who were on weekly bisphosphonate treatment were randomized to active training (AT) and passive training (PT) groups and followed-up by 4 visits after the initial visit at 3 months interval during 12 months of the treatment. Both groups received a bisphosphonate usage guide and osteoporosis training booklets. Additionally, AT group received four phone calls (at 2nd, 5th, 8th, and 11th months) and participated to four interactive social/training meetings held in groups of 10 patients (at 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months). The primary evaluation criteria were self-reported persistence and compliance to the treatment and the secondary evaluation criteria was quality life of the patients assessed by 41-item Quality of Life European Foundation for Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO-41) questionnaire.. Of 448 patients (mean age 62.4±7.7 years), 226 were randomized to AT group and 222 were randomized to PT group. Among the study visits, the most common reason for not receiving treatment regularly was forgetfulness (54.9% for visit 2, 44.3% for visit 3, 51.6% for visit 4, and 43.8% for visit 5), the majority of the patients always used their drugs regularly on recommended days and dosages (63.8% for visit 2, 60.9% for visit 3, 72.1% for visit 4, and 70.8% for visit 5), and most of the patients were highly satisfied with the treatment (63.4% for visit 2, 68.9% for visit 3, 72.4% for visit 4, and 65.2% for visit 5) and wanted to continue to the treatment (96.5% for visit 2, 96.5% for visit 3, 96.9% for visit 4, and 94.4% for visit 5). QUALEFFO scores of the patients in visit 1 significantly improved in visit 5 (37.7±25.4 vs. 34.0±14.6, p<0.001); however, the difference was not significant between AT and PT groups both in visit 1 and visit 5. In conclusion, in addition to active training, passive training provided at the 1st visit did not improve the persistence and compliance of the patients for bisphosphonate treatment.

The comparison of workshop training and offering booklet on knowledge, health beliefs and breastfeeding behavior after delivery

Introduction: known benefits of breastfeeding have led the health policy based on promotion of breastfeeding. It seems that one of the appropriate ways to promote breastfeeding is to provide appropriate training to be effective. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing workshops and booklet on knowledge, beliefs and breastfeeding behaviors after delivery. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 90 pregnant women who were selected in quota sampling method from Gonabad health centers in 2011. Participants randomly allocated into three groups such as training workshop (30 people), booklet (30 people) and control (30 people).All the participants filled, demographic questionnaire, knowledge and health beliefs assessment form. In workshop group, a three-hour workshop on the breastfeeding was performed. In booklet group they received a booklet about breastfeeding and the control group did not receive any special training. During the first 24 hours after delivery all participants during breastfeeding the baby were observed and breastfeeding behavior check list was completed, they also completed knowledge and belief breastfeeding assessment form. Data analyses were analyzed by spss software, qui square test, Student t, and ANOVA and Schaffer tests. Results: Average score of knowledge about breastfeeding after childbirth was higher in education workshop group than booklet (8.33±2.73 against 13.10±1.62) and Schaffer tests showed a significant difference in this case (P= 0.003). Average score of health beliefs about postpartum breast-feeding in the workshop training group was higher than the control group (43.9±6.01 against 50.8±3.68) and Schaffer tests showed a significant difference in this case (P=0.016). Mean score performance of breastfeeding in workshop group was higher than booklet groups (4.86±1.19 vs. 6.63±1.21) and Schaffer test showed a significant statistical difference in this case (p < 0.001). Conclusion: breastfeeding training through workshop method showed higher consciousness, health beliefs and proper behavior of breastfeeding right after childbirth than booklet. Then researchers suggest that breastfeeding training should be performed to mothers using workshops

Learning racial hierarchies

PurposeThis paper aims to focus on the communications skills training given to transnational call center workers in India whose jobs involve providing customer service to Western customers. Emotion work is a key component of customer service jobs, and this work is constructed as an important soft skill.Design/methodology/approachBetween 2002 and 2009, 100 interviews were conducted with customer service workers, trainers and managers in India. Respondents provided detailed descriptions of their training curricula and some workers shared their complete set of training booklets. The analysis for this paper is based on a section of the curricula that focuses on communication skills used during training programs for Indian customer service agents.FindingsTraining curricula designed to enhance the communication skills of call center agents are vehicles through which workers learn to make sense of their place in social, economic and cross‐national hierarchies.Research limitations/implicationsThe study of emotion work in relation to workplace learning occurs in the context of global economic regimes.Originality/valueTraining curricula on communication skills serves to help workers to cope with the expression of customer abuse. Rather, there is a need to develop regulations that protect workers from customer aggression.

Discharge training and counselling increase self‐care ability and reduce postdischarge problems in CABG patients

The aim of this study was to determine how discharge training and counselling provided to patients, who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, had effects on patients' self-care ability and on the problems encountered after discharge. The objectives were to help patients develop self-care behaviour to deal more comfortably with the problems caused by the disease and, hopefully, to reduce the number of problems they may encounter. CABG surgery patients needing to manage various aspects of their self-care at home often find these tasks very difficult to carry out effectively. Discharge training and counselling services help patients undergoing CABG to develop self-care behaviours. The study was prospective and quasi-experimental. The intervention and control groups consisted of 57 patients who were given discharge training and counselling by a researcher and 52 patients who were given routines by a nurse, respectively. The intervention group began receiving discharge training and counselling on the day of hospitalization. These were provided according to their individual knowledge needs and patients were given a booklet developed for training purposes. Data were collected by researcher using the Personal Information Form, the Self-Care Agency Scale. It was found that the intervention group had a higher mean self-care score than the control group and experienced fewer problems following discharge compared with patients in the control group. The discharge training and counselling services given to patients in the intervention group had a positive impact on the self-care ability of these patients and on alleviating the problems they encountered. As discharge training and counselling services had a positive impact on the self-care and alleviation of the problems that patients encounter after being discharged, we recommend application of these services and the usage of the training booklet for CABG patients.

The effects of patient communication skills training on the discourse of older patients during a primary care interview.

To test the effects of a communication skills training intervention on older patients' discourse during a primary care interview. A quasi-experimental design involving two intervention conditions. The Family Practice Center of a university-based clinic. Thirty-three patients averaging age 72 and 9 family practice physicians. A communication skills training booklet received approximately 3 days before the scheduled appointment and a 30-minute face-to-face follow-up session before seeing the physician. Patients' seeking, providing, and verifying of information were coded from transcripts of the 33 interviews. Trained patients engaged in significantly more seeking and providing of information than untrained patients. Additionally, trained patients obtained significantly more information from physicians than did untrained patients, both in terms of the number of total information units and the number of units per question asked. Patient communication skills training appears to be an effective means of enhancing patients' participation in the medical interview without increasing the overall length of the interview.

The effects of communication skills training on patients’ participation during medical interviews

Recent models of physician–patient communication emphasize information exchange in promoting partnership. Although considerable attention has been given to physicians’ information exchange, little research has examined patients’ communication contributions. The purpose of this research was to test the effectiveness of a training booklet designed to enhance patients’ communication skills in information exchange. A nested design was used, such that 25 physicians each saw six patients, two patients in each of three communication skills interventions (i.e. trained, informed, control). The dependent variables included several discourse categories designed to assess patients’ information seeking, provision, and verifying. Results indicate that trained patients engaged in more effective and efficient information seeking, provided physicians with more detailed information about their medical condition, and used more summarizing utterances to verify information they received from physicians. Additionally, dyads consisting of trained patients demonstrated a more patient-controlled style of communication than did dyads consisting of informed or untrained patients.

Transport of pigs

The Scottish Agricultural College (SAC) has produced a useful information and training booklet for drivers involved in the transport of pigs. This is aimed at supporting the Scottish Pig Industry Initiative by providing up-to-date information on transport legislation. The booklet is a spin-off from a training package developed by the SAC and can be used on its own in the training, assessment and certification of competence of professional livestock drivers (as required under the Welfare of Animals [Transport] Order 1997).

New Training Booklet on Manual Handling Risks in the Health Services

New Training Booklet on Manual Handling Risks in the Health Services

CAT ME Plus – The PRISM Service Micro Enhancer

Describes the facilities, installation and use of CAT ME Plus. Discusses the software requirements, workflow with batch cataloguing and searching, changes that make the new software more efficient, the menu design of CAT ME Plus, and the included training booklets.

Raising Aids Awareness through Community Mobilization

AIDS support and prevention programs are poorly developed in developing nations. The difficulties of increasing AIDS awareness are compounded by illiteracy and lack of access of large numbers of people to formal education. These facts make community-based AIDS education, counselling and information service an essential alternative. One such system is the Family AIDS Caring Trust (FACT) based in Mutare, Zimbabwe. FACT is a volunteer organization with most of manpower initially coming from Christian religious organizations. Volunteers were trained as AIDS counselors, and over the first 18 months, 120 meetings were organized through FACT with 12,000 people in attendance. Doctors were counselled to refer patients with HIV/AIDS to have a FACT nurse visit and counsel their patients at home. FACT volunteers organize their own meetings after their training and they organize their own financial assistance. FACT produced a training booklet, but literature used by volunteers during their meetings was prepared by the volunteers. Information handed out or mass media campaigns were generally disbelieved by the people in favor of traditional beliefs, but a discussion with another community member trained by FACT was highly effective. The FACT organization is an inexpensive effective alternative providing a community-based AIDS education and awareness program.