Train Ride Research Articles

Nocturnal vestibular stimulation using a rocking bed improves a severe sleep disorder in a patient with mitochondrial disease.

Mitochondrial diseases are rare genetic disorders often accompanied by severe sleep disorders. We present the case of a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with a severe primary mitochondrial disease, exhibiting ataxia, spasticity, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, cardiomyopathy and severely disrupted sleep, but no cognitive impairment. Interestingly, his parents reported improved sleep during night train rides. Based on this observation, we installed a rocking bed in the patient's bedroom and performed different interventions, including immersive multimodal vestibular, kinesthetic and auditory stimuli, reminiscent of the sensory experiences encountered during train rides. Over a 5-month period, we conducted four 2-week nocturnal interventions, separated by 1-week washout phases, to determine the subjectively best-perceived stimulation parameters, followed by a final 4-week intervention using the optimal parameters. We assessed sleep duration and quality using the Mini Sleep Questionnaire, monitored pulse rate changes and used videography to document nocturnal interactions between the patient and caregivers. Patient-reported outcome measures, clinical examinations and personal outcomes of specific interests were used to document daytime sleepiness, restlessness, anxiety, fatigue, cognitive performance and physical posture. In the final 4-week intervention, sleep duration increased by 25%, required caregiver interactions reduced by 75%, and caregiving time decreased by 40%. Subjective fatigue, assessed by the Checklist Individual Strength, decreased by 40%, falling below the threshold of severe fatigue. Our study suggests that rocking beds could provide a promising treatment regime for selected patients with persistent severe sleep disorders. Further research is required to validate these findings in larger patient populations with sleep disorders and other conditions.

Ida B. Wells' Train Ride in Memphis and the Dawn of Jim Crow

Ida B. Wells' Train Ride in Memphis and the Dawn of Jim Crow

Ida B. Wells’s Train Ride in Memphis and the Dawn of Jim Crow

Ida B. Wells’s Train Ride in Memphis and the Dawn of Jim Crow

초등학교 음악 교과서에 수록된 창작동요제 수상곡의 양상 분석 연구

Objectives Looking back at the 100-year history of creative children's songs, the ‘Children's Song Festival’ proves to have had a great influence on the development of children songs. The first purpose of this study is to investigate all Children's Song Festival winning songs included in elementary school music textbooks according to the educational curriculum change. The second purpose is to analyze the aspects of those winning songs published in music textbooks. Methods To do so, this study conducted a combination of literature reviews and research study methods, and analyzed Children's Song Festival winning songs in music textbooks. These songs were those that were included in 3~6 grade elementary school music textbooks from the fifth curriculum period (1987~1991) until the current 2015 revised curriculum; meaning all winning songs in elementary school music textbooks since the first Children's Song Festival of 1983 were analyzed. Results First, an analysis on ‘Children's Creative Song Festival Winning Songs and Number of Songs’ shows that out of the total 96 winning songs, the majority of winning songs were from the MBC Children's Song Festival - a total of 69 songs (71.9%). Second, upon analyzing the ‘Number of Times Festival Winning Songs were Published’, it was found that the number increased as the curriculum changed and as textbooks went up to an older grade level. The textbook publisher ‘Genius Education’ had the most winning songs within their textbooks - a total of 43 times (15.8%) were winning songs published. Third, after analyzing the ‘Name and Number of Overlapping Winning Songs’, it was revealed that there were 51 overlapping songs, the song that was published multiple times in music textbooks was <On a Train Ride> from the 1st KBS Children's Song Festival - a total of 13 times. The songs <Island Village> and <Walking in the Woods> were published 11 & 10 times respectively - both songs were from the 4th MBC Children's Song Festival. Songs that are continuously included in music textbooks are <On a Train Ride> and <Walking in the Woods>. Conclusions The act of singing creative children songs gives children hope, courage, the chance to dream, and holds an educational meaning that allows them to experience the beauty of music. Thus, continuing discovery and supply of creative children's songs are of great significance. Since Children's Song Festivals, which has played a huge role in the development of creative children's songs, are no longer as common as before, a new developing method that fits current society criteria must be sought out.

Study of the Capsule Train Ride Comfort Improvement by using the Damping Control in Suspension System

Study of the Capsule Train Ride Comfort Improvement by using the Damping Control in Suspension System

Railway crew scheduling with semi-flexible timetables

We investigate the impact of coordinating the timetable and the crew schedule in an operational freight railway system. Usually, those problems are solved sequentially—resulting in suboptimal schedules for train drivers due to large idle times between two train rides. We seek to coordinate the timetable and the crew schedule on the operational level by adding flexibility to the timetable. We introduce small time windows that allow to shift entire trains forwards and backwards by discrete time periods. We present a mathematical model and solve it with a column generation heuristic. We test our model on three real datasets of a major European Freight Railway Operator and show that significant reduction in idle time and cost can be achieved.

Northbound: A Train Ride Out of Segregation by Michael S. Bandy

Reviewed by: Northbound: A Train Ride Out of Segregation by Michael S. Bandy Elizabeth Bush Bandy, Michael S. Northbound: A Train Ride Out of Segregation; by Michael S. Bandy and Eric Stein; illus. by James E. Ransome. Candlewick, 2020 [40p] Trade ed. ISBN 9780763696504 $17.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R 5-8 yrs For our young narrator, finally riding the passenger train that regularly charges past his grandparents' Alabama farm is a dream come true. Grandma is taking him to Ohio to visit relatives, and the novelty of, well, every last detail within the train and zipping past its windows has him fully engrossed. It's 1960s Alabama, so he's not really surprised by the "colored only" sign that demarks their passenger car, but once they pass through Atlanta, that sign actually comes down, and a white boy he'd seen at their home station (and who had obviously espied him as well) bounds into the car, introduces himself, and invites him to go exploring. From the wobbly transition between cars to the elegant dining car presided over by a man who's worked on it his whole adult life, everything enchants the two boys. Then they get to Chattanooga, the segregation signs go back up, and the narrator is escorted to "his" car while his new buddy, Bobby Ray, howls in protest but manages to give him a rolled-up paper before he leaves. When they reach Cincinnati, the sign comes down, the boys reunite, and the narrator unrolls the best souvenir—Bobby Ray's drawing of the integrated train car they briefly shared. Ransome's watercolor scenes balance the details of train travel that so excited the characters (and will doubtless intrigue even a current Amtrak audience), with understated tracking of the boys' unfolding friendship. Reference to the boy as Michael hints perhaps at autobiographical roots for the story, and an author's note comments on the patchwork enforcement of segregation once practiced aboard trains that moved through multiple jurisdictions. This is a good discussion starter for young listeners who may confront lines not of their making and mixed messages about crossing them. Copyright © 2020 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Impact Analysis of Multi Hanging Equipment on High Speed Train Ride Comfort

Impact Analysis of Multi Hanging Equipment on High Speed Train Ride Comfort

Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from travel – a GIS-based study

Abstract. Conferences, meetings and congresses are an important part of today's economic and scientific world. But the environmental impact, especially from greenhouse gas emissions associated with travel, can be extensive. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions account for the warming of the atmosphere and oceans. This study draws on the need to quantify and reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with travel activities and aims to give suggestions for organizers and participants on possible ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, demonstrated on the example of the European Geography Association (EGEA) Annual Congress 2013 in Wasilkow, Poland. The lack of a comprehensive methodology for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from travel led to an outline of a methodology that uses geographic information systems (GIS) to calculate travel distances. The calculation of travel distances in GIS is adapted from actual transportation infrastructure, derived from the open-source platform OpenStreetMap. The methodology also aims to assess the possibilities to reduce GHG emissions by choosing different means of transportation and a more central conference location. The results of the participants of the EGEA congress, who shared their travel data for this study, show that the total travel distance adds up to 238 000 km, with average travel distance of 2429 km per participant. The travel activities of the participants in the study result in total GHG emissions of 39 300 kg CO2-eq including both outward and return trip. On average a participant caused GHG emissions of 401 kg CO2-eq. In addition, the analysis of the travel data showed differences in travel behaviour depending on the distance between conference site and point of origin. The findings on travel behaviour have then been used to give an estimation of total greenhouse gas emissions from travel for all participants of the conference, which result in a total amount of 79 711 kg CO2-eq. The potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by substituting short flights with train rides and car rides with bus and train rides is limited. Only 6 % of greenhouse gas emissions could be saved by applying these measures. Further considerable savings could only be made by substituting longer flights (32.6 %) or choosing a more central conference location (26.3 %).

Activities, postures and comfort perception of train passengers as input for train seat design

Working in the train is a part of new ways of working. However, the ideal working position is unknown. Moreover, the ideal position for leisure and relaxing is also unknown. This article defines what activities train passengers mainly perform and which corresponding postures are seen. Based on the observations on actual train rides, four main activities could be identified: Reading, Staring/sleeping, Talking and Working on laptop. Working on laptop was the activity with the longest duration and talking had the shortest duration. Associated with these four activities, a top eight of different postures were observed. Except for headrest comfort, comfort scores were not significantly different between activities. The top eight corresponding postures combined with comfort scores showed that per activity different postures were observed and the comfort scores varied in relation to the combination of posture and activity. Nearly for all activities, the majority of passengers preferred adjustability options to fit the seat to the performed activity.

Cinematic Tropes of Migration: Cruise and Train Ride in Contemporary China

This article examines in Up the Yangtze and Last Train Home how Chinese Canadian filmmakers Yung Chang and Lixin Fan positioned themselves, framed the migrant issues and their subjects, and utilized two visual motifs in documenting China's migrant workers' labor and (im)mobility—the cruise ship and the train that transport both tourists and migrant workers. Chang and Fan blend participatory or interactive filmmaking with cinéma vérité cinematography and embed these two imposing motifs in the mise‐en‐scène to foreground the human subjects as marginalized, forgotten, and ignored masses against a highly territorialized economic landscape in contemporary China, an irony resulting from the so‐called “socialist market economy” that replaced the used‐to‐be egalitarian communist model. The author, while not intending to provide a full close reading of both films, bases the analysis of them on Bill Nichols' discussion on the modes of documentary and argues that the filmmakers' cinematography projects the train and the ship as means to mobilize human resources horizontally between the rural and the urban areas, but they failed thus far, within China's current economic structure and social hierarchy, to provide the migrant workers mobility to move upward and escape their stigmatized caste.

Impact of one’s own mobile phone in stand-by mode on personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure

When moving around, mobile phones in stand-by mode periodically send data about their positions. The aim of this paper is to evaluate how personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) measurements are affected by such location updates. Exposure from a mobile phone handset (uplink) was measured during commuting by using a randomized cross-over study with three different scenarios: disabled mobile phone (reference), an activated dual-band phone and a quad-band phone. In the reference scenario, uplink exposure was highest during train rides (1.19 mW/m(2)) and lowest during car rides in rural areas (0.001 mW/m(2)). In public transports, the impact of one's own mobile phone on personal RF-EMF measurements was not observable because of high background uplink radiation from other people's mobile phone. In a car, uplink exposure with an activated phone was orders of magnitude higher compared with the reference scenario. This study demonstrates that personal RF-EMF exposure is affected by one's own mobile phone in stand-by mode because of its regular location update. Further dosimetric studies should quantify the contribution of location updates to the total RF-EMF exposure in order to clarify whether the duration of mobile phone use, the most common exposure surrogate in the epidemiological RF-EMF research, is actually an adequate exposure proxy.

Influences of Suspended Equipment under Car Body on High-speed Train Ride Quality

A vertical dynamics model of rigid-flexible coupling railway vehicle including suspended device under chassis is built. Using this model, the influences of devices suspending methods on ride quality of high-speed train are analyzed with the covariance method. Results show that the reasonable parameters of the equipments, which are used to suspend devices under car body, can effectively suppress the vibration of the flexible car body. And the suspending equipment stiffness dominates in the anti-vibration effects. Devices with elastic suspending would better be close to the centre of car body and the bigger the device mass is, the better the ride quality of the car body centre will be achieved. The optimal static deflection point of elastic suspending equipment will change and fluctuate with the change of the vehicle running speed. With the static deflection of about 6mm, the high-speed train in this paper will achieve better ride quality and the vibration of suspended device will be acceptable.

Teaching and Learning Guide for: ‘Ostracism: The Kiss of Social Death’

Teaching and Learning Guide for: ‘Ostracism: The Kiss of Social Death’

Founders: Maurice Beresford

Maurice Beresford died on 15 December 2005. To rank the founding fathers of landscape studies would be invidious but, as Chris Taylor says below, he was the last survivor of the Triumvirate, with Herbert Finberg and William Hoskins, who brought a landscape dimension to local history. His influence over fifty years was immense, partly because of his teaching role in a major provincial university, partly because of his gregarious and academically generous nature and long-term involvement with learned societies and the Wharram Percy project, but perhaps most of all through his publications. What made those exceptional was that, during a prolific writing career, he defined and published seminal works on several entirely different aspects of what we would today call the historic environment: deserted (or 'lost', as he first termed them) medieval villages; new towns of the Middle Ages; and urban suburbs, especially those of Leeds. These were landscapes he knew intimately, not just through historic maps, tax returns and judicial records, but from tramping over and through them, often after train and bus rides or a hitched lift – the lot of the non-driver in the austerity years of the late 1940s and 1950s. Both editors knew him well; he was stimulating, encouraging, polymathic, and completely sure of the significance of his life's work – he loved to be praised, and he deserved it. Rather than commission a single piece reviewing his academic work (the newspaper obituaries gave due prominence to other aspects of his life, notably his work as social philanthropist) we thought it better – given his influence and range of interests – instead to ask a number of friends and colleagues to say how Maurice Beresford had influenced their subject, and them personally.

Application of a Vehicle Dynamic Simulator to Improve Train Ride Comfort of High-speed Train

Application of a Vehicle Dynamic Simulator to Improve Train Ride Comfort of High-speed Train

Race and Ethnicity in "The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man" and "The Rise of David Levinsky": The Performative Difference

Contemporary critics have questioned reliance on black-white binary as defining paradigm of racial formation in United States. Eric Goldstein contends that despite black-white dichotomy's power was never a sufficient framework for understanding much more complex set of categories through which Progressive-Era Americans understood and spoke about (398). Susan Koshy warns us of dangers of leaving the racial untheorized (159). Racialization has indeed been a complex and uneven process in US, and black-white divide is insufficient for explaining how racial categories have operated on level of social practices. However, I argue that very intelligibility of racial groups and ethnicity depends on prior construction of black-white binary. In effect, black-white axis has operated secure tenuousness of a framework of stable boundaries, which in turn has provided necessary grounding for ideology of white supremacy (Wiegman 9). (1) In what follows I examine two seminal novels from Progressive Era: Abraham Cahan's The Rise of David Levinsky (1917) and James Weldon Johnson's The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man (1912). These texts, now canonical within Jewish American and African American literary traditions respectively, were written just a few years apart. novels explicitly query what it means to be American, and they do so by exploring how race affects one's chances of success in Progressive Era US. Werner Sollors sums up similarities between two novels in following way: Both books depict externally upward journeys of protagonists from poverty material success, from ethnic marginality a more 'American' identity, and from a small-town background urban environment of New York (170). While Sollors underscores affinities between two novels, I highlight differences by juxtaposing specific scenes from each text, scenes that have certain narrative and structural similarities. I examine distinctive modalities of and ethnicity as manifested in these Progressive Era texts, arguing that texts reveal three aspects of racial discourse in United States. First, racial discourse has largely evolved around an ideology of a binary opposition: black-white divide. Second, racial discourse has created a very patent racial stratification; while black and white have, for most part, served as reference points and defining terms, there have been intermediary racial groups. Third, constructions of and ethnicity have had very different historical trajectories in US context. The texts, in sum, gesture toward both historical difference between racialized status of African Americans and racial in-betweenness of other minority groups, as well as way in which black-white divide informs construction of these in-between groups. The Train Ride In this section, I extract two scenes from Autobiography and Rise in an attempt illustrate some of ways in which black-white divide has operated. texts, I argue, reveal power of dichotomy, pointing ways it has circumscribed racial logic and categorization. However, they also dramatize uncertainty surrounding racial position of Jew at turn of century, which, I believe, can be seen represent way in which hegemonic discourse on imposed (and produced) ideals of whiteness while simultaneously barring not-quite-white minority groups from privileges of Anglo-Saxon whiteness. The binary opposition can thus be seen serve as a nexus which not only circumscribes racial logic but also spawns what Susan Koshy terms stratified minoritization (155). In latter part of novel, narrator of Autobiography decides pursue a career as a ragtime musician and travels South. …

Ostracism: the power of silence

Ostracism: Ubiquitous and Powerful. Forty Years of Solitude: Cases of Ostracism. A Model of Ostracism. Forty Minutes of Silence: Narratives of Short-Term Episodes of the Silent Treatment. The Scarlet Letter Study: Five Days of Ostracism. Laboratory Experiments: The Ball-Tossing Paradigm. More Laboratory Experiments: The Train Ride. Cyberostracism: Getting Silenced on the Internet. Ostracism in and by Organizations. Everyday Ostracism over Days, Months, and Years. Reflections and Future Aims.

2001: A Train Ride: A Guided Tour of the Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel

2001: A Train Ride: A Guided Tour of the Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel

Red Grooms’ Homemade Theatre: Hippodrome Hardware

Red Grooms is an artist whose creative activities have been numerous and varied in arts peripheral to (but making use of) painting, such as film, sculpture and performance.In 1963, Grooms began to have one-man shows regularly in New York. These took place at the Tibor de Nagy Gallery on 57th Street. At least two of his five art exhibits in this gallery included films—Fat Feet (1966) and Tappy Toes (1970). Prior to 1963, Grooms had “performed” an action-painting entitled “A Play Called Fire” (1958), a proto-Happening called The Burning Building (1959), and a Happening-like work dubbed The Magic Train Ride (1960).While Grooms’ art includes a wide range of mediums, there appears to be no sharp stylistic differentiation between them. His paintings, films and performance pieces all exhibit a highly personal, if not idiosyncratic, way of working. Many of his friends appear as performers in his films and theatre pieces, and as cutouts in his constructions.