Tragic History Research Articles

ЭСТЕТИКА КОНЦЕПТУАЛИЗМА В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ ИРАИДЫ ЮСУПОВОЙ

The article is devoted to the work of Iraida Yusupova, one of the brightest representatives of modern Russian musical art, the creator of a new genre — media opera. Yusupova’s compositional thinking reflects the aesthetics of conceptualism, more precisely, as defined by the composer V. Martynov, Moscow musical post-conceptualism, and it is this “aesthetic” perspective of Yusupova’s works that is chosen in this study. The article reveals the theoretical aspects of the aesthetics of conceptualism in the works on philosophy and their extrapolation to musical art. While considering Yusupova’s media operas (“Aelita, or the Tragic History of the Revolution on Mars”; “Opera Marina”; “Cryptophonics”; “Theremin’s Last Secret”; “Einstein and Margarita, or Found in Translation”) the principles of conceptualism are demonstrated, such as the dominance of an idea-concept subjugating the entire composition; the creation of a multi-layered (“multi-screen” according to the philosopher A. R. Apresyan) space of the work; a clear idea of the synthesis of arts; the use of favorite and typical forms of conceptualism (performance, video installation, interactive puppets, simultaneous translation titles, etc.). The role of the outstanding poet and performer D. A. Prigov, who stood at the origins of Moscow conceptualism, in the search for and implementation of conceptual ideas in Yusupova’s media operas is shown. At the end of the article, a conclusion is made about a special property of the composer’s works based on the aesthetics of conceptualism — the “openness” of the conceptual work, which in the process of “communication” with the viewer grows with new meanings and improves, while the viewer turns into a co-author.

The Map as a Conceit for the Mother Land and Its Tragic History in Joy Harjo’s “A Map to the Next World”

This research paper examines the interconnectedness of the land and history of the Native Americans as delineated in the poem “A Map to the Next World” (2000) by Joy Harjo (1951-) The poem skillfully comes in the form of an extended metaphor “conceit” as the poet elaborates in describing a map, she plans to draw for the mother land of her nation, the Creek tribe which is one of the main tribes of the indigenous people of America, along with their devastating history. The poem is fertile with signs, symbols, images and metaphors that intensify the deep historical and cultural connotations. Furthermore, this research paper endeavors to answer significant questions like; how does Harjo employs the figure of speech “conceit” in her poem to communicate meanings related to the Native American tragic history and their deep connection to their land. Other important questions, the research paper, seeks to find answers to is how does the poet delineate the devastating impact of modern urban life on the rich heritage of the Creek tribes, and to which extent the poet is successful in adopting the myths of the Native Americans to communicate the core meaning of the poem which is the deep connection between the Native Americans and their mother land.
 
 The methodological approach utilized in this research is an in-depth literary analysis. This method dexterously employs close reading strategies of certain lines and stanzas in this poem to probe through their rhetorical aspects and to simultaneously, carefully examine the explicit and implicit historical and cultural references of the poem.

Identitätssuche von deutsch-polnisch-schlesischen Lyriker:innen. Zeitgenössische Einblicke

This article attempts to address the specificities of the Silesia on the example of selected poems by contemporary female and male authors who feel connected to this corner in the center of Europe and searching for their own identity. The research methodology revolves around biographical threads related to the turbulent history of Silesia, which has shaped the destiny of these writers. The national aspects of Silesia’s historical past are reflected in the subject matter of the lyrical works presented. At the same time, the regional perspective is broken by themes and threads relating to poetic reflections on human existence. It should be emphasized that the poems presented hardly belong to the highest category of fiction. These works show how a particular region with its volatile and often tragic history inspires artistically sensitive individual and enables them to experience the aesthetics captured in poetic images.

한국과 스페인 추리소설 속 탐정 캐릭터의 서사화 -바스케스 몬탈반과 김성종 작품을 중심으로

Manuel Vázquez Montalbán and Kim Seong-jong, masters of mystery novels that boomed in the 1970s in Spanish and Korean literature, drew attention from the literary circles by creating mystery novels that reflected the contemporary times, not just a form-oriented mystery novel in a barren land of mystery novels. In each country, the two writers created detectives that have their own personal narrative named Pepe Carvalho and Oh Byung-ho respectively, their heroes, and completed their own unique detective characters through several works. Compared to the detectives in classic detective novels with an intelligent and somewhat cold personality, excellent logic and reasoning power, Carvalho and Oh Byung-ho show the aspect of humanists who are ordinary but passionate and considerate of the socially disadvantaged. In addition, as they are fragile human beings who are disillusioned and suffer in the face of the tragic history hidden in society and the reality of the time, the reader pays attention to their narratives. Detectives Carvalho and Oh Byung-ho play an important role in creating a new genre of mystery novels called "black novels" and "metamorphic detective novels," respectively, by adding their narratives to these mystery novels that were almost dismissed as genre novels. In addition, through the narrative of these detective characters, the reader can approach the reality of the time in a friendlier and more natural way, and the possibility of converting a mystery novel into a full-fledged novel can be seen.

Trauma, Aboriginality and Revisionary Imaginings in Alexis Wright’s Carpentaria and Janette Turner Hospital’s Oyster

ABSTRACT This article examines how Aboriginal conceptions of time and space in Alexis Wright’s Carpentaria and Janette Turner Hospital’s Oyster affect representations of personal, cultural and ecological trauma through privileging sites of wounding that embody Country. The four elements of air, water, earth and fire are central to understanding how each text navigates the complex relational matrices of Aboriginal traumas and respond to ongoing issues of genocide and dispossession that are part of Australia’s tragic history. Elemental energies in these novels are connected to powerful spaces that pain inhabits and moves through, providing insights into the significance of their engagement with Aboriginality and trauma, particularly when situated within the context of legislature including the Native Title Act of 1993 and the Wik decision of 1996. Elemental motifs perform a cyclical function that begins with deep connectedness to oceanic imagery in Carpentaria, then transitions to trauma inflicted on Country and culminates in a cathartic watery Armageddon. While Oyster’s consideration of elemental traumatic space is primarily attributed to land, cartography and wounded bodies, the novel’s narrative threads reach a similar apocalyptic denouement. Oyster’s cataclysmic fires of destruction are eclipsed by the regenerative potencies of water that rejuvenate Country and supplant horror with beauty.

ГЕРОИ-МУЖЧИНЫ В ПОИСКАХ МУДРОСТИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПРОЗЫ В. РАСПУТИНА)

The work is devoted to the problem of finding and acquiring male wisdom in the small prose of V. Rasputin. The artistic paradigm associated with the theme of male wisdom takes in the fate of patriarchal men, fools, mysterious elders as messengers associated with the mystery of otherness, and Athos monks praying for the Russian land. However, the author himself becomes the most focused seeker of wisdom, for whom the main question is the question of the fate of his native home, the land, its tragic history and the possibility of an outcome. The heroes’ journey in search of truth is carried out on both sides of existence, in prophetic dreams, visions, and this actualizes the images of mysterious elders – the author’s “doubles” in other limits. The image of a man-creator, builder in the artist’s prose is only outlined, paraphered. This explains the philosophy of escapism, which is professed by the silent and hermits of later texts. The active principle, connected with the protection of the ancestral land, the transformation of the forms of culture, remains for strong, strong-willed, all-knowing women.

Dr. Faustus as a Morality Play

Dr. Faustus's tragic history embodies a play by Christopher Marlowe, in which a man sells his soul to the evil spirit for power and knowledge. The play begins with the hero at the height of his arrival and ends with his falling into grief, death and curse. Faust entered into a contract with Lucifer, 24 years of life on Earth will be allocated, during which time he will have Mephistopheles as his personal servant and attached to the use of magic; however, in the end, he will give his body and soul to Lucifer as a push and spend the rest of his time as a cursed man in hell. This transaction must be sealed in the form of a contract written in the blood of Faustus. After cutting off his arm, the wound heals divinely and the Latin words Homo, fuge! ("Man, run!") Then he shows up on it. Faust ignores the inscription while asserting that he has already cursed his actions so far, thus leaving nowhere to escape. Faust seems to repent in the end and regret his actions, yet it may be too late or irrelevant, because Mephistopheles takes his soul together, so Faust obviously goes to hell with him. The current research addressed "Dr. Faustus" as a morality play after explanation the importance of "morality play", and then its connection through this tragic drama.

Crystals in the Colony

This article examines the Crystal Arcade, the project of a little-known architect, Andrés Luna, read through the lens of Walter Benjamin’s contemporaneous Passagenwerk, at the same time as it is described within the complex context of Luna’s own family history—one entangled with the tragic history of the First Philippine Republic. It uses Benjamin’s “literary montage” to conjure the spectral presence of the colonial-cosmopolitan subject within his manuscript. I contend that the Crystal Arcade cannot be properly understood outside of a transnational framework and network, or without considering the conditions under which a colonial-cosmopolitan consciousness formed. Situating the Crystal Arcade and the Passagenwerk within this transnational milieu is intended to allow the reader to locate an often too marginalized history within the heart of the nineteenth-century global metropolis while at the same time allowing us to place that history at the forefront of the theorization of the global city.

Influence of Modern Sociocultural Situation on Axiosphere of Residents of Karelian Border

The article analyzes the problem of the specifics of the quality of life and value orientations of residents of the border Kalevala district of the Republic of Karelia. The retrospective aspect of the study is due to the tragic history of the separation of one people (northern Karelians) in the territory of two neighboring states (Finland and Russia) due to political events and decisions of the past. The historically established isolation (geographical and mental) of Kalevalians is also relevant in modern life. Therefore, the main goal of the study was to determine the degree of influence of socio-cultural factors on the quality of life and axiological dominants of local residents. The analysis of the modern sociocultural situation on the territory of the Kalevala National District was carried out during the complex scientific expedition “Kalevala-2021” and during the cameral processing of the results of field work. In the study a comprehensive methodology of humanities was used, as well as authoritative axiological and psychological methods. As a result of the validation axiological study, specific value dominants of Kalevals were identified, different from the “general cultural profile” of Schwartz, which coincided with the results of a psychological study of “existential fulfillment” and the quality of life of respondents. In sum, the authors of the article identified sociocultural factors that determine the axiological preferences and quality of life of Kalevalians in a modern situation aggravated by pandemic conditions. The article is recommended to specialists in philosophy, cultural studies, sociology and history.

Swimming in the Dark

Swimming in the Dark

Damnation: The Downfall of Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus and his Intellectualism

The current study aims at investigating the downfall of Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus and his intellectualism. For the said purpose, a play by Christopher Marlowe named “Dr. Faustus” was selected. The study textually and qualitatively analyzes the text The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus by Christopher Marlowe. Faustus’ character in Marlowe’s play is an embodiment of his atheistic views. Faustus’ free will leads to his damnation which then becomes a pinnacle reason for his downfall. Faustus’ thirst for intellectual power beyond the limitations of his reason becomes his damning hamartia. In this way, Faustus mocks his own intellectualism in front of the world.

Sense of time in A. Akhmatova’s lyrics in the second half of the 1910s.

Anna Akhmatova believed that the category of time is more complicated than space. She entered Russian poetry as the author of works about love and the tragic history of Russia in the first half of the 20th century. This article deals with the fact that a view of the events of history and culture in the poet's work is gradually formed on the basis of the heroine’s lyrical experiences, summarised by the concept of a sense of time. Forms of contact between the lyrical “I” and the outside world in Anna Akhmatova’s lyrics of the second half of the 1910s considered in connection with the ideas about time and space inherent in traditional metaphors (“time is coming”, “time is flowing”, “time is flying”). Key images of the house, St. Petersburg-Petrograd, rivers, birds and motifs of homelessness, the course of time, flight are investigated. The problem of detailing urban space is being solved. The temporal and spatial organisation of individual poems is analysed: “White House”; “Was my blessed cradle...”; “Having left the groves of the homeland sacred...”; “How I love, how I loved to look...” etc. A sense of time and fate are experiences that set the stage for the tragedy of Anna Akhmatova’s lyrics of later periods of creative work.

Hauntology in Toni Morrison’s Beloved and Kim Sŏk-Pŏm’s The Curious Tale of Mandogi's Ghost

This study compares the ontology of ghosts in African American novelist Toni Morrison’s Beloved and Zainichi Korean writer Kim Sŏk-Pŏm’s The Curious Tale of Mandogi s Ghost and explores the possibility of healing for historical scars. While Morrison s novel shows the physical and psychological scars left by the institutional violence of American slavery and the Fugitive Slave Law, Kim s novel deals with the annihilation of humanity itself surrounding the Jeju 4.3 Uprising and Massacre, a tragedy of modern Korean history. In these two novels, these ghosts are portrayed as reincarnations of victims of a tragic history who met unjust and untimely deaths or were not mourned sufficiently after death. By comparing the ways these ghosts haunt the survivors, this study tries to inquire how we should mourn the untimely return of the ghosts from time out-of-joint, what is true mourning, and what is the ethical basis for the impossible mourning, using Jacques Derrida s “hauntology” and the theory of mourning as frames of reference. This study concludes that while Beloved the ghost reminds us of the impossible mourning as a complete other who has died but lives in ourselves, Mandogi’s ghost lives with us as a ghostly other who has never left us.

“‘For Your Freedom and Ours’: Polonia and the Struggle for Polish Independence,” special issue, Rocznik Przemyski 55, no. 3 (23)

“‘For Your Freedom and Ours’: Polonia and the Struggle for Polish Independence,” special issue, <i>Rocznik Przemyski</i> 55, no. 3 (23)

Prioritizing Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. Health Equity Agenda.

Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) populations are growing rapidly in the United States, yet AANHPIs remain understudied, overlooked, and misunderstood. During the COVID-19 pandemic, themes from the tragic history of anti-Asian bias and marginalization have resurfaced in a surge of renewed bigotry and xenophobic violence against AANHPIs. In this commentary, the authors discuss the role of medical schools in combating anti-Asian sentiment as an important step toward achieving health equity. Based on their collective expertise in health disparities research, medical education, and policy, they offer suggestions about how to disrupt the pattern of invisibility and exclusion faced by AANHPI populations. They consider ways that representative data, leadership in medical education, research funding, national policies, and broad partnerships can help address AANHPI health disparities.

Wherever Green Is Orange

Wherever Green Is Orange Stephen O'Neill (bio) "Caught Inextricably in the Web of Their Tragic History" Reconciliation has been something of a mantra for the Decade of Commemorations. At the Social Democratic and Labour Party's (SDLP) annual conference held in the Armagh City Hotel in 2012, the tánaiste Eamon Gilmore rebranded his government's commemoration program as "A Decade of Reconciliation," which formed the title of his keynote address: "Let's aim not simply for a decade of commemoration. Let's work together on a decade of true national reconciliation."1 In 2014, during president Michael D. Higgins's state visit to London, David Cameron echoed the president's words in suggesting that "we must … keep on with the work of reconciliation."2 The Ireland 2016 centenary program suggested that the decade provided an opportunity to "Remember, Reconcile, Imagine, Present, and Celebrate."3 A 2019 Sinn Féin policy document lauding the success of the official commemorations recognized the importance of "continu[ing] to be imaginative and creative in taking initiatives on commemoration and remembering which enhance reconciliation and healing."4 In the ongoing context of the peace process, the act of gleaning this "reconciliation" from commemoration has often relied [End Page 289] upon a deterministic reading of the chosen "decade," which was the climax of one of the most heavily narrativized periods in Irish history. In his influential summary of the Irish cultural and political revolution, F.S.L. Lyons's Culture and Anarchy in Ireland, 1890–1945 (1979) exemplified a pervasive attitude of fatalism toward the events of "the period from the fall of Parnell to the death of Yeats": It was not primarily an anarchy of violence in the streets, of contempt for law and order such as to make the island, or any part of it, permanently ungovernable. It was rather an anarchy in the mind and in the heart, an anarchy which forbade not just unity of territories but also "unity of being," an anarchy that sprang from the collision within a small and intimate island of seemingly irreconcilable cultures, unable to live together or to live apart, caught inextricably in the web of their tragic history.5 Writing of this diagnosis of "irreconcilable cultures" and its comorbidity with the "intractable, timeless problem" of the north of Ireland, Ian McBride detected "an unmistakable ring of self-exoneration."6 McBride noted that this deterministic interpretation refused the possibility that these readings are dictated by the present rather than the past.7 Such determinism and self-exoneration has dominated the Decade of Commemorations in terms of its chronology, its themes, and the attitudes toward the uses of the past that it has adopted, particularly in its search for a "shared future" as a prehistory of the peace process. The commemoration of partition has proven particularly difficult, if not impossible, to reconcile with the aims of this peace process. As Lesley McEvoy, Kieran McEvoy, and Kirsten McConnachie wrote in 2006, "The 'two-traditions,' or perhaps more pejoratively 'two tribes,' paradigm was, arguably until the current peace process the dominant construct for not only framing an analysis of the nature of the conflict for much of its history, but also of what was required to achieve its [End Page 290] resolution through reconciliation between those warring traditions."8 Yet even with the onset of the peace process, and indeed arguably because of it, little has changed in terms of the framing of the conflict since then, particularly in relation to understanding the roots of an ongoing partition. The apparatuses of each state on the island have either refused or been incapable of integrating partition into their legitimating narratives, with the failures to find reconcilable ways of marking the foundation of the northern state forming a case in point. As Éamon Phoenix recounted in a conversation about partition with Laura McAtackney and Myles Dungan on RTÉ's The History Show in May 2021, some of the initial plans for commemorating the centenary included a "baby box" and a "twenty-one gun salute," recalling what he termed the worst excesses of "Ulster '71."9 When asked by Dungan how the "potentially divisive" nature of commemorating the beginning of...

Pedagogical reception of oles honchar’s publicistic heritage: ideas of harmonious human development and education

The relevance of this study is determined by the importance of the development of “personalistic” approach in contemporary research. This approach acquired a special significance in Ukrainian pedagogy in connection with the nation-building processes that were activated when Ukraine got its independence and which brough back from the oblivion the names of those whose artistic or research achievements or civic position had not correlated with the ideological doctrine of the Soviet empire. Olena Pchilka, P. Kulish, M. Dragomanov, M. Zerov, I. Ohienko, V. Vynnychenko were among those personalities, however their names are well-known now. Yet, there has not been done enough research into the recent history – the second half of the 20th century with its contradictions and with opposing activities of those who made efforts to develop pedagogy based on the progressive experience of the predecessors and those who blindly followed the instructions of the guardians of imperial ideology. This paper focuses on a pedagogical reception of O. Honchar’s publicistic heritage that is represented by such genres as article, essay, diary, and epistolary correspondence the addresser and addressee of which was O. Honchar. The article singles out pedagogical problems that were of interest to the writer or that he had to solve, making significant efforts, as a state, political, public, cultural figure and as a person with the honorary title “the man of the 20th century”. The research has revealed the breadth of the spectrum of these problems which range from the understanding of the great and tragic history of national education, the role and place of outstanding educators in it, to specific measures taken to develop and implement Ukraine-centred educational model, in particular, language and literature education of the 60-s–80-s of the 20th century as an opposition to russification of education, as well as to protect teachers’ rights. The article characterises the originality of the writer’s views on the mission of the educator in the intellectual and spiritual life of the people, on the humanitarian component of the content of education, on the importance of language in the life of the society, and on the role of the native language as a means of communication and as a school subject using the example of the “teacher from Ichnia” Stepan Vasylchenko, who was destined to become a classic of Ukrainian literature. Based on the specific arguments, obtained from various sources, the paper proves that O. Honchar’s pedagogical views are as close as possible to the pedagogical conception of the founder of the science of pedagogy and the initiator of the folk school K. Ushynsky, who is highly appreciated by the world community. The evidence to support this claim has been obtained from O. Honchar’s articles, diary entries, letters that discuss the social essence of language as the most important means of communication, the nation-building and nation-preserving potential of the native language, the place of the native language in the educational system as a subject and as the most powerful instrument to learn all disciplines. The paper pays special attention to the history of the relationships of the world-famous writer O. Honchar and the world-renowned teacher V. Sukhomlynsky, whose destinies and life paths intersected in the space and time and whose views and thoughts merged in their focus on Ukrainian culture. The paper provides systematic account of the humanitarian component in the content of education as the spiritual aura of the nation, the culture of language, the role of literature in the upbringing of children, the real stories that would become literary works as they had been recorded in the epistolary correspondence between O. Honchar and the director and the teacher of the native language in Pavlysh school V. Sukhomlynsky as well as the diary notes of O. Honchar. The paper emphasizes that V. Sukhomlynsky, the author of the book “I Give My Heart to the Children”, highly praised O. Honchar’s novel “The Cathedral” at the peak of the campaign against this literary work. The paper also observes that V. Sukhomlynsky wrote several studies of O. Honchar’s literary world. The article draws readers’ attention to the fact that O. Honchar took an active part in the commemoration of V. Sukhomlynsky, in particular in publication of V. Sukhomlynsky’s research, literary and publicistic works. Besides, the paper describes O. Honchar’s activity to help preserve the oldest Kyiv school with its time-tested traditions and worthy achievements as well as save schools in small villages.

150 years of the Serbian Medical Society

May 4, 2022 marks the 150th anniversary of the founding of the Serbian Medical Society. For a nation, unlike ours, that has lived in peace for centuries, it would be an event of exceptional national significance and a reason for pride and satisfaction. In the context of difficult history of our people, which has lasted for centuries, such an event is incomparably more important. With such endurance and success, the Serbian Medical Society has become one of the oldest and most valuable institutions of our people and our state. It was founded on April 22, according to the Julian calendar (May 4, according to the Gregorian calendar) in 1872, during a century in which, after the failed First Serbian Uprising, the Serbs fought in the Second Uprising to become a vassal principality within the Ottoman Empire, and succeeded ? not merely using weapons, but also with wisdom and patience. Upon triumphing, its newly forming wisdom and its people first started to dream of full independence, and henceforth of the restoration of the Serbian state within its historical borders. Today, it is difficult to imagine the foresight and courage of the Serbian doctors to establish the Serbian Medical Society at a time when Serbia had only 63 doctors, seven of whom were ?masters of surgery? (medical assistants) and one dentist, all that at time when doctors of Serbian origin could be counted on the fingers of one hand. The Serbian Medical Society was founded soon after, or even before, medical associations in some advanced European countries for which the tragic history of the Serbian people was something they could hardly believe.

DEMON AS FORM OF SATIRICAL STATEMENT IN DRAMA THE TRAGICAL HISTORY OF DOCTOR FAUSTUS

This study focuses on a word or line that is identified as satire in a drama entitled The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus. The data was taken in the form of dialogues from the characters. Demon as a satirical expression means that the words or line identified as satire was built by several elements that are attached with demon characteristics (demonic). Demon is a creature who has clear characteristics as a bad set. The bad character of the demon is representative of satire. The character demon is a representation of ugliness or evil of the object criticized in the drama The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus. Researchers used the descriptive analysis method by Ratna (2004) in conducting this research. Descriptive analysis is a method used to analyze data and facts in the text and then interpret them. The researcher used two theories in seeing the story. Inter-relationship principle and semiotic. The results of this research found three important elements in accordance with the topic of this research. The first is the antagonist character Mephistophilis, the demon. The second is the allusion to Franciscan Friar. Third, the phrase holy shape becomes the devil best is satire. Thus, the combination of elements leads to a demon as a form of satirical expression.

Comfort Women: Impacts on Japan’s Relations with South Korea and The Philippines

The objective of this paper is to analyse how the issue of “comfort women” affects Japan’s relations with its neighboring countries, namely South Korea and the Philippines, using qualitative methods, and constructivism as the conceptual framework. “Comfort women” or “jugun ianfu” in Japanese, and “wianbu” in romanized Korean, is an euphemism used to describe young women from all across Asia who were forced to please the Japanese troops sexually during World War II. These young women were deceived, lured, or kidnapped and then confined in “comfort stations.” Initially, the Japanese government denied that they had systematically confined these so-called “comfort women” and distributed them to comfort stations to be sex slaves, and rejected demands for a formal apology and war reparations to the victims. This had outraged South Korea and the comfort women survivors. This paper suggests that Japan finally admitted its role in the establishment of comfort stations in 1993, and has been trying to make amends with these countries. The process of making amends remains a persistent controversy, with Japan seeking to turn over a new leaf and many South Koreans and Filipinos striving to not let the tragic history be forgotten.