A Midsummer Night's Dream written by Shakespeare has been evaluated as the model of romantic comedy as it deals with pairing and marriage of the lovers. This paper intends to survey the forms of fertility rites laid in the work rather than general definition of comedy. Even for a fertility rite, I have tried to focus, not on the meeting of the individual with supernatural being, but on the political and social meaning which comes from healing the abnormal phenomena of contemporary society. In this work, we can find the fruitful process of fertility rite which intends to revive the vitality of Queen Elizabeth who was becoming old at that. time. Shakespeare was not satisfied in creating the mythical meaning by means of fantastic images, for he struggles to suggest the means of healing concerning the contemporary social problems and practical ones of the audience. The spectators can feel catharsis through the erotic images which can release the repression of sexual desire hidden in the depth of their subconsciousness. By doing so, they can enjoy the normalization through the liberation of socially repressed erotic energy. The forest, the symbol of fertility, has been regarded as the origin of life and as the suitable place in which lovers can share their true love. And it can be contrasted with the city like Athens so that it seems to promise rebirth and rest to the people who are tired of repressing civilization. Thus, two couples of lovers, Hermia and Lysander, Helena and Demitrius, enter the forest in order to heal the injuries of love distorted by the law and the patriarchy of Athens. This forest is governed not by human-beings, but by the king and the queen of fairies, Oberon and Titania. Oberon, the chief of the fertility rite, uses the juice of love for healing the erotic disease of the lovers. The chaotic process of 'chase and being chased' should be interpreted as the metaphor for passionate erotic ceremonies of the lovers. The sexual behaviors of Titania and Bottom and the chaos of the lovers should be the erotic game which embodies the fertility rite in the forest. It can be said that the one appears by means of a dream scene and the other through physical conflicts in transformed forms. The play within the play, Pyramus and Thisbe, may bewilder the audience owing to the interpolation of tragedy into comedy of the main plot. However, we can find Shakespeare's true intention why tragic plot should be contrasted with romantic comedy. The lovers' tragedy in the play within the play strengthens the festivity of the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta and two couples of lovers rather than weakens the comic spirit by showing the danger of the reality. Even this tragedy changes into comedy through the exaggeration and the buffoonery of Quince's group. In conclusion, the play in the play can be interpreted as a process of fertility that helps and strengthens the fertility rite of the main plot.