Traffic Safety Facilities Research Articles

Evaluation Techniques for Traffic Safety of Operating Highway Tunnels

With the consideration of frequent occurrence of traffic accidents on operating highway tunnels, the advancement of safety evaluation for highway tunnels in domestic and abroad are systematically summarized. Through the comprehensive analysis of infrastructure factors influencing on traffic safety of highway tunnels, safety checklists focusing on tunnel horizontal and vertical alignment, tunnel portal situation, pavement condition, ventilation and lighting facilities, traffic safety facilities are provided in qualitatively evaluating operating highway tunnels. Based on the concept of risk, risk assessment indices oriented in infrastructure factors, environmental factors and management factors for operation safety of expressway tunnels and standard highway tunnels are put forward. Quantitative evaluation methods based on indices architecture and the corresponding classification criteria for operation safety risk of tunnels are developed.

A Study on Verification of the effectiveness of Mutually Recognizable Traffic Safety Facilities

A Study on Verification of the effectiveness of Mutually Recognizable Traffic Safety Facilities

Study on Estimating Economic Risk Cost of Aids to Navigation Accident in Busan Port, Korea using Contingent Valuation Method

Aids to Navigation (AtoN) is one of the marine traffic safety facilities that promotes the safety of maritime traffic and enhance ship’s operational efficiency. However, functional failure of AtoN due to ship’s collision or bad weather conditions leads to inconvenience or navigational risk to various users such as the ship operators. For insstance, the largest container port in Korea, Busan Port has experienced a total of 400 AtoN accidents in the past 12 years (2006-2017).Therefore, an average of 20.6 days of recovery time is required, which increases the maritime safety anxiety for AtoN users. is the objective of this study was to present the quantitative support of the users for the prevention of AtoN accidents and the improvement of the feasibility of implementing more efficient management in Korea. A survey was conducted on the users of Busan port areas to investigate general perception of AtoN in general and the accidents that have happened, and to estimate the economic value of navigational risk reduction by implementing effective AtoN management measure. Using the representative non-market valuation method for environmental or public goods known as contingent valuation method (CVM), the economic value granted to users for the AtoN services in Busan port was estimated to at least 16 billion won. Therefore, these finding could be used by AtoN managers and/or policy makers as a valuable data to identify the users’ need of various AtoN services including Busan Port and to establish and implement more efficient management plan.

An improved mathematical model for vehicle crashagainst highway guardrails

Highway guardrail is a kind of important road traffic safety facility. When a vehicle is travelling on a highway, it can lose control because of accident. The guardrail can prevent the vehicle from rushing directly out of the road, so as to reduce the injury to the driver in the vehicle. Therefore, the guiding performance, anti-collision performance and buffer performance of the guardrail are important indexes to reflect the highway guardrail safety in the traffic accidents between vehicle and guardrail. The process of collisions between vehicles and guardrails is a complex motion, affected by multiple factors such as the movement patterns and types of vehicles, the types of guardrail, the bending stiffness of the beams, the speed of collision, the angle of collision, etc. The accuracy of energy estimation when vehicle collides with guardrail is the foundation of highway guardrail design, installation and improvement. Many experts and scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of theoretical research and experimental verifications on the safety performance of highway guardrail, and analyzed the anti-collision ability and energy absorption effect of highway guardrail. Single degree of freedom model is the most widely used mathematical model of vehicle collision in highway guardrail. The traditional model is more suitable for calculating the maximum impact force of small vehicles, but it is not accurate for large vehicles. However, due to the unreasonableness of the model in the theoretical derivation process, there is a large error in the mathematical model, especially in estimating the accuracy of the energy value of the large vehicle collision guardrail. Practice shows that the current guardrail cannot withstand the impact of large vehicles. Once large vehicles collide with the corrugated beam guardrail, the guardrail will collapse in most cases, and the vehicle will rush out of the road directly, so it is very difficult to exert the protective function of the guardrail. The anti-collision performance of guardrail is poor, which is related to the existing calculation model, which results in insufficient strength in the design of guardrail.

어린이보호구역 내 교통사고 다발지점의 교통안전시설에 관한 비교 연구

어린이보호구역 내 교통사고 다발지점의 교통안전시설에 관한 비교 연구

Life cycle assessment for carbon dioxide emissions from freeway construction in mountainous area: Primary source, cut-off determination of system boundary

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions mitigation from transportation infrastructure construction activities is regarded as one of the potential pathways to deal with climate change. Aiming to assess the magnitude of CO2 emissions associated with freeway infrastructure construction activities and identify primary emissions sources in mountainous area, this study firstly assessed life cycle CO2 emissions of an entire freeway project in mountainous area in China, including pavement, bridge, tunnel, intersection, traffic safety facilities and temporary works into the system boundary. The results show that CO2 emissions related to road segment are one magnitude lower than that of bridge and tunnel. In addition, negligence of intersection, traffic safety facilities and temporary works could underestimate 4% of total CO2 emissions of the freeway project. CO2 emissions distribution of the different types of materials and equipment distribute as the similar Pareto Principle, which reminds that definition of system boundary could focus on the few of inputs that matter on the aspects of data limited, rough estimation and comprehensive understanding of environmental impact. Findings of this study could offer transport agencies more comprehensive references to understand the contribution of freeway infrastructure construction activities in the mountainous area to climate change, and provide decision makers insights to take measures in the planning phase, particularly in the construction phase in terms of equipment selection, construction design, and construction materials design.

Study on the Development of Social Evaluation Model for Aids to Navigation Accident

Aids to Navigation (AtoN) is a marine traffic safety facility used to facilitate the safe and efficient movement of shipping and enhance the protection of the marine environment by the regulations or guidelines of The International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA). Our country is managing AtoN to provide consistent services for AtoN users, although an average of 141 AtoN accidents occur annually. An AtoN accident forces non-planned work on the managers to resort the function, and causes psychological anxiety for its users, ultimately resulting in economic losses. This study developed the Social Cost evaluation model of AtoN accidents. The model can be used to quantify the manager’s economic activities related to the shutdown and recovery, as well as the cost associated with the inconvenience to AtoN users. The Social Cost evaluation model of AtoN accidents is proposed as the sum of the encounter cost, administration cost and risk cost.

교통안전시설 설치의 교통사고 발생에 대한 선행성 분석

교통안전시설 설치의 교통사고 발생에 대한 선행성 분석

Development and Analysis of Non-Urban region Traffic Safety Facilities Considering Economics

Development and Analysis of Non-Urban region Traffic Safety Facilities Considering Economics

Learning from the Victorians: Walkability Lessons for the Design of Future UK Neighbourhoods ( breakout presentation )

Background Victorian architecture and built form in the UK can be quite varied in its appearance, yet is often praised by scholars and the design professions for its durability, flexibility and adaptability to changing circumstances. Although not evidenced in the literature, such neighbourhoods also possess many of the qualities that are important for walkability. Aim The aim of the research was to ascertain whether UK neighbourhoods containing a moderate proportion of Victorian architecture and built form characteristics were more walkable than neighbourhoods with less, or no, Victorian architecture. Method Researchers selected 12 neighbourhoods in three UK cities (4 neighbourhoods in each city) with varying proportions of Victorian architecture and built form characteristics. Using the app-based version of the Irvine-Minnesota Inventory, which contains approximately 290 subjective and objective questions concerning walkability in the urban environment, approximately 40 streets in each neighbourhood were audited. The collected data then was analysed along 10 urban design categories – form, density, proximity, connectivity, parks and public spaces, pedestrian amenities, personal safety, traffic safety, aesthetics and recreational facilities – to determine the extent of each neighbourhood’s walkability. Results Within each city, the neighbourhoods with the highest proportion of Victorian architecture and built form characteristics were perceived to be the most walkable. Examining the urban design categories in more detail, these same neighbourhoods also had the best form and densities, conducive to walkability, and the closest proximity to relevant services and infrastructures. There were modest correlations between these neighbourhoods and pedestrian amenities, traffic safety and aesthetics. Conclusions Neighbourhoods containing at least a moderate amount of Victorian architecture and built form characteristics appear to foster walkability. As such, they offer design and policy lessons for urban planners and designers, architects, developers and local authorities as they look to create more liveable communities for the future.

Analysis of Traffic Safety Facilities in Pedestrian Protection Area : Focusing on Variable Speed Limit Signs and Beacons

Analysis of Traffic Safety Facilities in Pedestrian Protection Area : Focusing on Variable Speed Limit Signs and Beacons

Evaluation of the Safety of Mine Road Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process

Generally, mine roads are located in the mountain areas, as its complex topography, mostly along the river near the cliffs, steep bend anxious, the mine road design has to adopt lower technical standards relatively and usually is lack of traffic safety facilities. Especially, there are mainly medium-sized vehicles on mine road, under the heavy traffic vehicles affect repeatedly, high frequency of traffic accidents more easily happen in mine road area and cause serious effects on life or property. Combining with the particularity of mine road safety environment, this paper studies the basic theory of safety evaluation, analyses the factors of traffic safety design and special mine terrain conditions, and then establishes mine road safety index system and evaluation model based on the principles such as systematicness, independent indexes, qualitative and quantitative analysis, feasibility, scientificity and reliability. At last, the paper successfully evaluates the safety of road in Huang Mailing phosphate rock area with fuzzy AHP method based on engineering project.

Improvement Measures for Traffic Safety from Standpoint of Universal Design - Focusing on traffic safety facilities within school zones -

Improvement Measures for Traffic Safety from Standpoint of Universal Design - Focusing on traffic safety facilities within school zones -

충청권 비도심 지역의 교통안전기술 설계 및 적용

Abstract In previous research, we analyzed traffic accident characteristics in the Chungcheong region through factoranalysis, cluster analysis, and a questionnaire using traffic accident analysis system data to enhance Korea's traffic safety. Based on the analysis results, we investigated the design and application of traffic safety technology in non-urban areas in this study. Three technologies are proposed to improve traffic safety facilities for the region: arecognition light at pedestrian crossing works, a recognition light on the road for the underprivileged in traffic works,and a safety LED sign for operation of agricultural machine works. Each technology complements the light pollution problem about snow removal and road safety when applied to existing facilities in the non-urban areas. Solar-basedindigenous technology is expected to contribute to road safety in rural areas. Keywords : Traffic Accident, Safety Facilities, Safety Facilities Design, Test-bed Application 본 연구는 국토교통부 국토교통기술 지역특성화사업의 연구비지원(15RDRP-B066173-03)과 충남대학교에 의해 수행되었음.

Development of Traffic Accident frequency Prediction Model by Administrative zone - A Case of Seoul

In Korea, the local traffic safety master plan has been established and implemented according to the Traffic Safety Act. Each local government is required to establish a customized traffic safety policy and share roles for improvement of traffic safety and this means that local governments lead and promote effective local traffic safety policies fit for local circumstances in substance. For implementing efficient traffic safety policies, which accord with many-sided characteristics of local governments, the prediction of community-based traffic accidents, which considers local characteristics and the analysis of accident influence factors must be preceded, but there is a shortage of research on this. Most of existing studies on the community-based traffic accident prediction used social and economic variables related to accident exposure environments in countries or cities due to the limit of collected data. For this reason, there was a limit in applying the developed models to the actual reduction of traffic accidents. Thus, this study developed a local traffic accident prediction model, based on smaller regional units, administrative districts, which were not omitted in existing studies and suggested a method to reflect traffic safety facility and policy variables that traffic safety policy makers can control, in addition to social and economic variables related to accident exposure environments, in the model and apply them to the development of local traffic safety policies. The model development result showed that in terms of accident exposure environments, road extension, gross floor area of buildings, the ratio of bus lane installation and the number of crossroads and crosswalks had a positive relation with accidents and the ratio of crosswalk sign installation, the number of speed bumps and the results of clampdown by police force had a negative relation with accidents.

Experimental Investigation of Macroscopic Analysis of Traffic Safety Using Meta Analysis Focused on Busan Metropolitan City

Korean government annually estimates and reports the traffic safety index to evaluate the traffic safety of 228 Gu Gun. However, since the traffic safety index is derived from the spatially macroscopic perspective based on collected relative data, there are a couple of problems such as inability to investigate the individual traffic accidents on the spot, insecurity of accuracy and reliability of traffic safety index estimation method, and absence of establishing temporal relationship of traffic accidents. Thus, this study investigated temporal traffic safety in macroscopic manner for Gu Gun in Busan depending on the installation of the traffic safety facility (i.e., urban median), employing meta analysis. As a result, all Gu Gun in Busan except Saha, Buk, Dong, and Busanjin experienced more traffic accidents after installing the urban median, indicating that there are more rooms for improvement of macroscopic traffic safety evaluation.

A Development of Traffic Accident Models at 4-legged Signalized Intersections using Random Parameter : A Case of Busan Metropolitan City

PURPOSES : This study tries to develop the accident models of 4-legged signalized intersections in Busan Metropolitan city with random parameter in count model to understanding the factors mainly influencing on accident frequencies. METHODS : To develop the traffic accidents modeling, this study uses RP(random parameter) negative binomial model which enables to take account of heterogeneity in data. By using RP model, each intersection's specific geometry characteristics were considered. RESULTS : By comparing the both FP(fixed parameter) and RP modeling, it was confirmed the RP model has a little higher explanation power than the FP model. Out of 17 statistically significant variables, 4 variables including traffic volumes on minor roads, pedestrian crossing on major roads, and distance of pedestrian crossing on major/minor roads are derived as having random parameters. In addition, the marginal effect and elasticity of variables are analyzed to understand the variables'impact on the likelihood of accident occurrences. CONCLUSIONS : This study shows that the uses of RP is better fitted to the accident data since each observations'specific characteristics could be considered. Thus, the methods which could consider the heterogeneity of data is recommended to analyze the relationship between accidents and affecting factors(for example, traffic safety facilities or geometrics in signalized 4-legged intersections).

우리나라 신도시 초등학교의 통학로 안전환경 비교분석에 관한 연구

The new town was assumed that there is a difference between the country's elementary school environment. First, given the important elements of the school safety plan in order to verify this, and we plan to set up each of these elements by safety criteria. In the second chapter in order to achieve the objective of this study was to develop indicators to evaluate the safety of the school environment influences the safety of the school environment through the theoretical consideration. In Chapter 3, the difference in safety through the new elementary school survey of metropolitan areas was given a score per item per item depending on the evaluation criteria. The fourth section is the difference between safety school environment can be summarized as the following analytical results that the difference between the new city. The results of this study as follows: First, the characteristics of the elementary school environment showed a significant difference between the new town. Second, school location, terrain characteristics, bike paths and pedestrian to the installation, the safety of landscape installations, installing median barriers, traffic safety facilities, speed bumps, separation of pedestrian and vehicle circulation in the front door, scores of elements of the plan such as parking scheme there is a difference between the new town. Third, the introduction of elements of the plan such as Traffic calming or Traffic Island installation techniques was found lacking.

중앙버스전용차로 횡단보도 보행 위반행태 분석: 고속버스터미널역 사례 분석

중앙버스전용차로도 도입으로 인해 무단횡단이 증가하였고 보행 교통 사망자 수 증가의 문제가 지속적으로 제기되고 있다. 이러한 중앙버스전용차로 횡단보도부 교통안전 수준 증진을 위해서는 공학적이고 분석적인 노력이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 향후 보행안전시설 연구의 기반자료를 마련하기 위해 중앙버스전용차로 정류소 횡단보도부 보행자의 보행행태 자료를 분석한다. 중앙버스전용차로 형태 중 무단횡단이 가장 많이 관측되는 '분리형 횡단보도' 형태인 서울시 '고속버스터미널역'을 조사지점으로 선정하여 영상자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 보행자 자료를 공간적 측면과 시간적 측면에서 위반행태를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 공간적 위반 보행자는 37.8%로 시간적 위반 보행자 3.4%에 비해 11.1배 높게 분석되었다. 본 연구를 통해 시간적 위반 보행자에 편중된 안전시설이 아닌 무단횡단 보행자의 절대 다수에 해당하는 공간적 위반 보행자에 안전대책도 필요하며 향후 시 공간적 위반 보행자의 무단횡단을 함께 억제하는 안전시설이 필요함을 제언한다. It has reported that a median bus-stop island on an exclusive median bus corridor has shortened a unit crossing distance, encouraged a pedestrian's illegal jay walking, and thus increased the number of accidents in the area. Therefore, this study plans to analyze the various crossing patterns of pedestrians at exclusive median bus corridors. This study analyzes 30,184 pedestrian crossing data which are collected from the median bus-stops, 'Express Bus Terminal,' and reveals that the rate of spatial jaywalking was 37.8%. This rate is 11.1 times higher than the rate of traffic signal violation. Therefore, this study suggests that more research needs to be done to provide a traffic safety facilities for protecting spatial crossing pedestrians and preventing jaywalking and traffic signal violation.

Evaluation of Highway Traffic Safety Facilities Based on Set Pair Analysis

In order to make a reasonable evaluation of highway traffic safety facilities, a comprehensive evaluation method based on set pair analysis was proposed. An evaluation system of freeway traffic safety facilities was established. Combined with relevant norms and standards, each indicator in the evaluation system was divided and a reasonable threshold has been set. Through the calculation of the connection degree of ‘identicalness, differentness and reverse’, the maximum connection degree criterion was used to judge the evaluation results of freeway traffic safety facilities. Finally a case study was conducted to verify the proposed evaluation method. The case study shows that the selected highway traffic safety facilities are at a good level and this method can provide scientific decision basis for highway traffic facility renovation.