Traffic Accidents In Nigeria Research Articles

Are Holidays or Festive Periods to blame for Seasonal Spikes in Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria?

Over the years, citizens have characteristically viewed festive and holiday seasons in Nigeria as a period when there are spikes in traffic and road crashes. These spike in road crashes have been ascribed to some spiritual or mystical powers which often possess the road ways especially the intercity or highways within the country. The paper examined the impact of holiday and festive periods on the recorded road traffic accident cases in Nigeria for a period ten years (2012 – 2021) using weekly data obtained from the Federal Road Safety Corps Office, the research adopted exploratory data analysis conducted on the Road Traffic accidents data suggests that the data is not normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk = 0.94, p = .002) hence Kruskal-Wallis test -a non-parametric statistics equivalent of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was adopted for test of difference. The aim was to isolate the actual period when road accidents occurred most between ordinary day, non-festive holiday and festive holiday periods. National holiday and festive dates were marked on the data sheet and a hypothesis was tested. A Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to compare the median ranks of three groups: Festive Holiday, Non- holiday, and Non Festive Holiday. The test revealed a significant difference among the groups (χ2(2) = 11.02, p = .004.). Post hoc tests using the Dunn-Bonferroni method showed that Festive Holiday (FH) and Non-holiday (NH) groups had a significantly different median rank (KW = 58.38, Mdn_FH = 220, Mdn_NH = 180, adj.p = .007). Similarly, the Festive Holiday and Non Festive Holiday (NFH) groups had a significantly different median rank (KW = 84.16, Mdn_FH = 220, Mdn_NFH = 177.5, adj. p = .017). However, there was no significant difference in median rank (Mdn) between Non-holiday and Non Festive Holiday groups (KW = 25.77, Mdn_NH = 180, Mdn_NFH = 177.5, adj. p = .948). The study concluded that most road traffic accidents occur during festive holidays.

Investigation into the Understanding of Traffic Signs, Symbols and Safety Rules among Drivers in Southern Nigeria

Aims: This study examines the understanding of traffic signs and symbols as a safety measure towards accident reduction among drivers in Southern Nigeria. It investigated the understanding of traffic signs and symbols by drivers in Nigeria with regards to their personal characteristics such as age, educational background, and driving experience and also determined the major factors influencing the high rate of road traffic accidents in Nigeria.
 Study Design: Investigation into the level of knowledge of drivers in understanding traffic signs and symbols in Southern Nigeria.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Southern Nigeria, from September, 2017 to December, 2017.
 Methodology: 600 questionnaires were administered within the various city parks in Anambra, Enugu, Delta, and Lagos states but 476 of the respondents participated. A total of 27 symbols, which includes ten regulatory signs, nine warning signs, three traffic signals lights, and five road pavement markings were investigated. Miscellaneous questions for driving under special conditions, mechanical factors, and general guides were also assessed among the drivers. The use of Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), as a tool was employed to analyze the data obtained from the respondents.
 Results: The analysis showed that there is a low understanding of traffic signs and symbols by drivers in Southern Nigeria. The overall average percentage of drivers who correctly understood the regulatory signs was 59%, warning signs was 64.2%, and pavement markings was 31.8%. The average knowledge percentage of drivers for driving under special conditions, speed/mechanical factor, and general guides are 43%, 53.66%, and 46.4% respectively. From the statistical -analysis of the findings, there is significance prove that age, driving experience, and educational background play an important role in drivers’ understanding of traffic signs and symbols.
 Conclusion: It is recommended that drivers are properly trained and sensitized on the correct meaning of traffic signs and symbols. The body concerned for issuing a driver’s license should carefully test the drivers’ knowledge before issuing a driver’s license and also traffic law court should be established for the prosecution of defaulters.

Association of Road User Intrapersonal Behaviours to Road Signs Compliance and Their Relationship to Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria: A Pilot Study

Association of Road User Intrapersonal Behaviours to Road Signs Compliance and Their Relationship to Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria: A Pilot Study

Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Factors that Affect the Effective Compliance with Road Signs to Reduce Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria

Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Factors that Affect the Effective Compliance with Road Signs to Reduce Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria

TRAFFIC MORTALITY, MORTALITY AWARENESS, AND ATTITUDE TO ROAD SAFETY

Road traffic accidents in Nigeria are increasing at an alarming rate and have raised one of the countrys primary concerns. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mortality awareness on attitude towards road safety. This studys main objective is to ascertain if subtle reminder of traffic mortality will influence road usersattitudes towards road safety. One hundred and three (n=103) road users from public bus terminals, and private car parking garages in the Enugu State of Nigeria participated in this study. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Data were collected using a modified version of the Attitude towards Safe Driving Scale (ASDS) and a scale developed to trigger mortality thoughts. The regression analysis conducted on the data established a positive association between a subtle reminder of mortality and attitude towards road safety at F (1,101), 367.67, P<.000. More so, an adjusted R2of .547 indicates that mortality reminders accounted for 54.7% of the variation in attitude towards road safety. The study concluded that mortality reminders are essential in controlling traffic-related accidents and violations. The practical implication and recommendations are discussed.

Impact of Driver’s License Status of Commercial Drivers and the Rate of Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria: A Case Study of Abuja and Lagos

Background/Objective: The main concern of this research is the continuous involvement of commercial vehicles in road traffic accidents in Nigeria with the magnitudes of the fatalities and huge economic cost implications annually. The objective of this study is to understand and investigate the trends of road traffic accidents in Nigeria and equally examine the effect of the driver's license status of commercial vehicle drivers on the risk of road traffic accidents in those two sites selected. Materials and Methods: The methodology behind this research includes a comparative research design for evaluation of the two survey locations of Nigeria´s new and old capital cities with differences and similarities. The research involves quantitative method with the use of 10 questions on Incidences of road accident, driving license status and socio-demographics characteristics which was adapted from the tested five-in-one instrument called LoMICs-DBQ. It is a direct self-reported questionnaire model for data collection as the primary source with these cognitive questions to be answered with a 6-point Likert scale. Other related data was facilitated by the FRSC and National Bureau of Statistics in Nigeria. Simple Random sampling was used to select the total of 600 drivers out of which only 471 gave their consent and subsequently investigated. This study survey ethical clearance was obtained from the motor parks union leaders and participants are registered bus drivers in Abuja and Lagos within their local government authorities. The data collected was analysed using, SPSS 25, line charts, cross-tabulation which a tool for descriptive statistics, chi-square and Linear Regression which are inferential statistics tools to show relationship between the Demographic variables of the drivers, driving license status and the rate of accidents in the two survey relations.Results: The table also shows a coefficient of correlations (R) of 0.665aand the adjusted R square of .257. This means that 25.7% of the variance in the rate of road accident in Lagos is accounted for by all the Driving License Status. The contribution of the independent variable to the dependent variables was not significant (F = 2.383; df =1, 3; p>0.05) and that other variables not included in this model may have accounted for the remaining variance. The table also shows a coefficient of correlations (R) of 0. 461a, and the adjusted R square of -.049. This means that 4.9% of the variance in the rate of road accident in FCT Abuja is accounted for by all the Driving License Status. The contribution of the independent variable to the dependent variables was not significant (F = .812; df = 1, 3; p>0.05) and that other variable not included in this model may have accounted for the remaining variance in the rate of road accidents. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between demographic variables of the participants and their driving license status, that Driving License Status of commercial drivers in Lagos has a significant effect on the rate of road accidents among the commercial drivers in the state and that Driving License Status of commercial drivers in FCT Abuja has a significant effect on the rate of road accident among the commercial drivers in the Territory. The paper concludes with recommendation for policy makers to take effective, proactive policy design, intervention, and enforcement in order to reduce risk and unsafe driving behaviour on the roads.e

Fitting a quart in a pint pot: a comparison of selected alcoholic drinks produced in Nigeria and the UK

This study compared volume, alcohol by volume (ABV), alcohol units, and health warnings on product labels of selected alcoholic beverages simultaneously produced in Nigeria and the UK. The volume, ABV, alcohol units, and health warnings in a total of 13 alcoholic beverage brands simultaneously produced in Nigeria and the UK were documented from product labels and compared. Alcohol units were calculated by multiplying ABV% with volume (milliliters), divided by 1000. There was variation in volume, ABV, alcohol units, and health warnings on product labels. Beer and stout brands produced in Nigeria were sold in 600 mL bottles containing higher ABV and alcohol units compared with similar brands in the UK sold in 400 mL bottles containing smaller ABV and alcohol units. Pregnancy and drink driving warnings were present on 18.2% of product labels of alcoholic beverages produced in Nigeria. The high ABV, alcohol unit, and absence of health warnings on product labels might explain the high level of alcohol consumed, drunk driving and road traffic accidents in Nigeria. Reducing the ABV and alcohol units in beers and stouts while displaying health warnings on product labels would have the potential for reducing harmful alcohol consumption and related harms in Nigeria and the UK.

Risk behaviors for road traffic crashes among commercial motorcyclists in a semi-urban area of Ogun State, Nigeria

Background: Over the past three decades, there has been an increase in the use of motorcycles as a means of transportation in Nigeria. Motorcycle-related crashes have also been on the rise, with human error accounting for up to 90% of traffic accidents in Nigeria. This study aimed to identify risky behaviors for road traffic crashes among commercial motorcyclists in Ikenne local government of Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 400 commercial motorcyclists selected using multistage sampling method. A semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to elicit data about respondents' awareness of certain risky behaviors as causes of motorcycle crashes and their attitude toward and practice of such risky behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and presented as chart and tables. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 33.7 ± 9.5 years. Only few (4.0%) had tertiary education. All of them were males. Awareness of risky behaviors was good with an average of 85.9%. Attitude to causes of accidents was also good, with 90.4% of the respondents having good attitude. However, most (95.5%) of the respondents demonstrated accident-related risky behavior(s). Risk behavior was statistically associated with younger age (P

Modeling Severity of Road Traffic Accident in Nigeria using Artificial Neural Network

In this study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to model injury and fatality index in Nigeria with the aim to determine the effects of the number of GSM subscription (NGS) on the injury and fatality index in the country. Fifty-seven-year data from 1960-2016 comprising of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, population, NGS, the total number of traffic accidents, number of fatality and injury per year were used for developing the model. The result of the ANN implies that adding the NGS to the model has increased the model performance in both training and testing with a determination coefficient increasing by 18.7% and 2.5% in testing for fatality and injury index respectively. Comparing the performance of the ANN models and regression analysis shows the superiority of the ANN technique over the regression analysis for both injury and fatality index models. The goodness of fit of the model was further checked using t-test at 5% level of significance and the result proved the ANN approach as a powerful tool for modeling the severity of road traffic accident. Strict enforcement against the use of phone while driving will help reduce the accident severity caused as a result of phone usage while on wheels.

The impact of traffic sign deficit on road traffic accidents in Nigeria

ABSTRACTThis study assesses the impact of traffic sign deficit on road traffic accidents in Nigeria. The participants were 720 commercial vehicle drivers. While simple random sampling was used to select 6 out of 137 federal highways, stratified random sampling was used to select six categories of commercial vehicle drivers. The study used qual-dominant mixed methods approach comprising key informant interviews; group interviews; field observation; policy appraisal and secondary literature on traffic signs. Result shows that the failure of government to provide and maintain traffic signs in order to guide road users through the numerous accident black spots on the highways is the major cause of road accidents in Nigeria. The study argues that provision and maintenance of traffic signs present opportunity to promoting safety on the highways and achieving the sustainable development goals.

Cases of Road Traffic Accident in Nigeria: A Time Series Approach

Road traffic accident in Nigeria is increasing at a disturbing rate and has raised one of the country major concerns. We provide appropriate and suitable time series model for the cases of road accident; the minor cases, the serious cases, the fatal cases and the total cases of road accident in Nigeria. The most widely used conventional method of time series known as Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model (also known as Box-Jenkins method) is applied to the annual cases of road accident data in Nigeria from 1960-2013, to determine patterns of road traffic accident cases along the Nigeria motorway. Appropriate models are developed for the minor cases, the serious cases, the fatal cases and the total cases. ARIMA (1,1,1) model is obtained for the minor and total cases, ARIMA (1,1,0) model is obtained for the serious cases, while ARIMA(0,1,1) model is obtained for the fatal cases using data from 1960-2011. Data from 2012 to 2013 is used to test the adequacy and performance of the models. The models are then used to forecast the different cases from 2014 till 2020, and the forecast show an average increase in the data for the cases considered. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n2s1p542

The Public Health Threat of Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria: A Call to Action.

Public health experts worldwide concede that there is a global epidemic of road traffic accidents (RTA). Globally, RTA is the leading cause of injury-related deaths. In Nigeria, injuries and deaths resulting from RTA are on the rise and are Nigeria's third-leading cause of overall deaths, the leading cause of trauma-related deaths and the most common cause of disability. Do RTA constitute a public health problem in Nigeria? If so, is there a pragmatic approach to combat this problem? A systematic literature search using the advanced features of various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google, and directory of open access journals was carried out using the key words “ RTA, public health problem, government response, Nigeria.” Out of initial 850 articles retrieved from the search 15 articles that suited the study were included in this review. There is need to view RTA s as an issue of urgent national importance that needs urgent attention aimed at reducing the health, social, and economic impact. Policy makers at the various levels of government need to recognize this growing problem as a public health crisis and design appropriate policy responses that will back up with meticulous implementation.

Geographical information system (GIS)–based analysis of road traffic accidents in Nigeria (1960-2012)

In recent years there has been serious concern on the increasing rate of road traffic accidents in Nigeria. Geographic Information System (GIS), a high performance computer based tool is useful in road traffic management and vehicular movement study. In this work, the GIS software was used to analyze and depicts the trend and characteristics of road traffic accidents in Nigeria. The data used in this study were obtained from Federal Road Safety Commission Dashboard (FRSC Planning Advisory Unit Analysis) for the year 2012 and 2013 and Nigerian Tribune Publication of Tuesday 3 rd April , 2012. The data obtained was entered and use to developed road traffic accidents information system (RTAIS). Analysis and capability of the developed system was illustrated and shown graphically. A total of 1,060,507 cases of road traffic crashes occurred between the year 1960 and 2012 of which 170,844 were fatal, 456,055 were serious and 428.790 were minor, claiming 322,427 lives. This study further revealed that Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja ranked first with 6.71% based on road traffic crash fatalities per 100,000 human populations on state by state with Kebbi state being the least (0.25%). The GIS –based analysis shows that category of vehicles involved in road traffic crashes in year 2012 on state basis varies with cars having the highest cases(4,632) followed by buses (2,239), motorcycles (1,807),truck(1,037) and tankers/trailers having the least(641). It is recommended that the Nigerian Police Force (NPF), Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC), Vehicle Inspection Office (VIO) and other agencies linked with road traffic management and safety will find this study useful in identifying remedial measures for the improvement of safety on Nigerian roads. Key Words: Road Traffic, Accident, GIS, Vehicles Analysis, Nigeria

Analysis of emergency response procedures and air traffic accidents in Nigeria

Incessant air transport accidents have been a source of concern to stakeholders and aviation experts in Nigeria, yet the response and process has not been adequately appraised. This study attempts an evaluation of the emergency response procedures in the aviation industry with particular focus on Murtala Muhammed International Airport, Ikeja which is unarguably the nation’s busiest airport and has had considerable emergencies that had necessitated the deployment of emergency curtailing procedures. The objectives of the study includes the functionality of the emergency response plan systems; assessment of magnitude and frequency of emergency situations and examination of the magnitude of lives and properties involved in the emergency situations. Emanating from the study is that there is growing rate of air accidents in Nigeria and no adequate emergency response plan nor manpower equipment to combat air accidents in Nigeria, so also, the Chi Square result shows that the Nigerian Aviation Industry is not in compliance with the International recommendation of International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) as regards emergency management. Recommendations such as establishment of a central body to co-ordinate emergency situations in Nigeria and international agreement with neighbouring states amongst others were proffered for an efficient and effective emergency response procedure in the Nigerian aviation sector. Empirical analysis was used to analyse the observed emergency response procedures of the agencies involved in emergency response plan against the expected level. Key Words: Emergency Response Plan, Accident, Response Procedures, Functionality

Consequences of Road Traffic Accident in Nigeria: Time Series Approach

Road traffic accident in Nigeria is increasing at a worrying rate and has raised one of the country major concerns. We provided appropriate and suitable time series model for the consequences of road accident, the injured, killed and total casualty of the road accident in Nigeria. The most widely used conventional method, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model of time series, also known as Box-Jenkins method is applied to yearly data on the consequences of road accident data in Nigeria from 1960-2013 to determine patterns of road traffic accident consequences; injured, killed and total casualty of the road accident along the Nigeria motorway. Appropriate models are developed for the accident consequences; injured, killed and total casualty. ARIMA (0; 2; 1) model is obtained for the injury and total casualty consequences, whilst ARIMA(1,2,2) model is obtained for the killed consequences, using the data from 1960-2011. The adequacy and the performance of the model are tested on the remaining data from 2012 to 2013. Seven years forecast are provided using the developed models and showed that road traffic accident consequences examined; injured, killed and total casualty would continue to increase on average.

Spatial Trend and Management of Road Traffic Accident Fatalities in Nigeria

Nigeria has an unenviable record of road accident fatalities when statistics of road traffic accident across the globe are contrasted. The magnitude of road traffic accident in Nigeria has been known to vary significantly among the various traffic corridors located in all the states of the federation. The occurrence of accident is somewhat influenced by the level of economic and social development at the state level. This paper attempt to provide an insight to the spatial and geographical dimension of Road Traffic Accident in Nigeria over time. Adequate attempt has been made to examine the relative impact of the Federal Road Safety Commission in its effort to achieving its mandate. The methodology of study involved the ranking of the states of the federation and federal capital territory using available records of road accident fatalities. This is with a view to provide insight to the need for variation in the application of accidents prevention strategies across the states of the federation. The paper advocated for the application of accident prevention strategies with due consideration of the uniqueness of the distinctive spatial attributes of each states. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v4n1p25

Trend Analysis on Road Traffic Accident in Nigeria

This paper center on Trend Analysis on Road Traffic Accident in Nigeria, it is aim to determine the direction of trend of number of accident in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria using time series analysis for prediction and decision making. From the analysis it was discovered that there will be an increase in the number of accident occurring in the future.

A survey of commercial drivers′ perception on the causes of road traffic accidents in Nigeria

Background: Road traffic accident is a multifactorial phenomenon that affects victims to different degrees depending on the type of accident. The aim of this study was to study commercial driver's attitude and their perceived causes of accidents on Nigerian roads.Methodology: A cross-sectional study of commercial drivers from various motor parks in a Nigerian urban city was carried out using questionnaires. Every volunteer was asked to complete a questionnaire that revealed patient demographics, age, education level, time of accident and perceived cause(s) of the accident. All participants were males and licensed drivers.Results : Drivers in the age range of 38 - 47 years (n = 174; 46.77%) were mostly involved in road traffic accidents. Road accidents were much more prevalent on rural roads than on urban roads. Majority of the drivers (n = 198; 53%) had secondary level of education, while 112 drivers (30%) had primary level of education. One hundred and eight drivers (29.03%) believed the accidents were as a result of the road. 21.24% (79) stated that the time of the day, which could be in the daylight, dusk or at night, could influence road traffic accidents.Conclusions : The drivers perceived that the nature of the road, time and weather are some of the major contributory factors to road accidents. However, it was deduced from the study that behavioral patterns on the road, violation of traffic rules and driving under the influence of alcohol were the major contributory factors in commercial drivers' involvement in vehicular accidents.

Regional determinants of road traffic accidents in Nigeria: identifying risk areas in need of intervention

Road traffic accidents have become an issue of great concern in recent times in Nigeria. Several intervention efforts have been designed to reduce the accident rates and traffic mortality levels. This article analyses regional variations in road traffic accidents in Nigeria and their causes. Data on road traffic accidents for year 2003 to 2007, economic development, traffic density, urbanization, population size, and road infrastructure were assembled and analyzed using stepwise linear regression. Besides the national analysis, four separate regression models were estimated for northern, southern, urban and rural Nigeria. Results indicate that the length of asphalt concrete roads was a significant factor in road accidents at the national (R2 = 19.7%; p = 0.006) and rural scales (R2 = 35.8%; p = 0.011). Equally significant was the length of federal roads in urban (R2 = 41.5%; p = 0.011) and southern Nigeria (R2 = 50.1%; p = 0.001). Meanwhile, in northern Nigeria, urbanization and the length of asphalt concrete roads appeared to be dominant factors in road traffic accidents (R2 = 54.3%; p = 0.001). Given the observed geographical differences, this study recommends the design of area-specific strategies for the prevention and control of road traffic accidents in Nigeria.

Assessing the Trends in Road Traffic Accident Casualties on Nigerian Roads

The paper assesses the trend of road traffic accident casualties on Nigerian roads. In spite of efforts by law enforcement agencies to curb the carnage on Nigerian roads, traffic safety still remains a crucial issue in the country. The study used data on number of casualties from road traffic accidents in Nigeria for the period 1975 - 2009. These were obtained from records of the Nigerian Police, Federal Road Safety Commission and Na tional Bureau of Statistics. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS) and Regression models were developed for predicting death and injuries on Nigerian roads. The study showed that the establishment of the Federal Road Safety Commission in the country has had positive impact on the ra te of casualties from road traffic accidents in the country. In order to reduce deaths and injuries from r oad traffic accidents in Nigeria, the study recommends that law enforcement, education and research funding shou ld be the focus of government in the country.