Victims Of Traffic Accidents Research Articles

Accident victim characteristics and identification of key parameters for compensation in Indian context

ABSTRACT Road accidents generate substantial personal and national losses. Road accidents reduce victims' and their families' productivity, which slows the nation's economic growth. The victim or victim's heir must be compensated for the mishap's losses. It is important to understand traffic accident victims' concerns before calculating and rewarding a suitable compensation. This study examines traffic accident victims' issues. In this paper, the interviews were conducted in two phases: a pilot survey of seven experts and 38 victims/relatives of victims, based on their opinions, the questionnaire was revised, and the final interviews were conducted in the second phase, which included 126 road accident victims and 27 expert interviews. This paper summarises the results of the second phase along with its statistical interpretations. This paper also emphasises traffic accident victims' debilitation and daily issues. Government and local authorities often announce compensation, although they rarely consider a victim's socioeconomic situation. The arbitrarily set amount may provide immediate relief, but it ignores traffic accident victims' socio-demographics. This study will highlight those aspects that will enable policymakers quickly and efficiently decide remuneration for each individual.

Incidentally discovered vaginal foreign body: Forensic implication

We report the case of a vaginal foreign body accidentally discovered during the examination of a 07-year-old girl victim of a road traffic accident. The unpredicted nature of this discovery has sufficiently raised the medico-legal interest. It was a question for us to determine the circumstances of this intromission by the interrogation of the parents, the study of the mechanism of injury of the accident on the public highway.Physical examination revealed a hymenal tear without other recent vulvar lesions and a closed diaphyseal fracture of the left femur. The treatment consisted firstly of removing the metallic foreign body similar to a spring and secondly of fixing the bone lesion under general anesthesia in the operating room. Short- and medium-term post-operative follow-up was favourable.Faced with the discovery of a vaginal foreign body, a methodical and rigorous analysis is essential.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Traffic-related Pre-hospital Mortality Prevention Questionnaire

Background: Since a significant part of deaths due to traffic accidents are preventable in the pre-hospital phase, therefore it seems necessary to have an instrument to identify and measure the factors affecting it. This study aims to develop and psychometrically assess an instrument to measure preventable prehospital mortality due to traffic accidents. Methods: The study is a mixed qualitative-quantitative study, including systematic review, interviews, Delphi, and psychometrics. In the systematic review phase, using database searches, and in the qualitative phase, the factors affecting preventable mortality were extracted via interviews with 24 experts (fire-fighting organizations, traffic police, the Red Crescent, emergency medical services [EMS], emergency medicine, hospital emergency nurses and traffic accident victims) in Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education and Yazd Province, Iran, 2020. The codes were classified with MAXQDA10 Software. The results were collected in the format of the primary instrument and the Delphi study (3 rounds) was conducted by experts. Finally, the reduction of the items and the psychometrics of the instrument, including the determination of face and content validity, and then the determination of the reliability using Cronbach’s alpha were performed. Results: The developed instrument had acceptable validity and reliability to be used in measuring preventable traffic-related pre-hospital mortalities. The final instrument to measure preventable pre-hospital mortality was developed with 5 dimensions, including “scene and casualty assessment, coordination and communication, time management, training performance, and support”. Conclusion: Using this instrument, preventable deaths can be detected, the present challenges can be identified, and the preventable deaths may be diminished.

A medico legal study on road traffic accident victims of 100 cases

A medico legal study on road traffic accident victims of 100 cases

Successful Management of a Polytrauma with Open Complex Pelvic Fracture

Abstract Pelvic fractures frequently result from powerful external forces and carry a high risk of concurrent injuries. In these patients, fatalities are often caused by associated injuries. Pelvic fractures cause substantial morbidity and can lead to long-term impairment in physical functioning, as well as difficulties with daily activities and negative psychological health. Surgical intervention is necessary for treating unstable pelvic fractures, which may involve isolated posterior or combined posterior and anterior fixation utilizing screws and plates to restore anatomical alignment and promote natural healing. A 19-year-old female road traffic accident victim in hemorrhagic shock was hemodynamically stabilized and investigated for associated injuries. She was diagnosed with bilateral sacroiliac joint dislocations, bilateral superior and inferior pubic rami fractures and crescent fracture of the right iliac wing, Grade III liver injury, Grade III splenic infarction and hemoperitoneum, lung contusion, and bilateral hemothorax with multiple rib fractures, fracture of the transverse process of L4 and L5 vertebrae. A secondary survey revealed a right sciatic nerve injury, admitted to intensive care and managed by a multidisciplinary approach. Abdomen and thorax injuries were managed conservatively, and meanwhile, the pelvic fracture was stabilized by a damage control protocol, and definitive surgical intervention includes iliac crest wound debridement and pelvic ring open reduction and internal fixation by the Modified Stoppa approach. Abdomen and chest injuries were managed conservatively. Monthly regular follow-up was the first 6 months, was able to walk and sit comfortably at the end of 4 months, and was able to resume her normal routine work and job at 6 months without any pain and limitation of movements. It is essential to promptly identify and assess the injuries and implement appropriate perioperative management by a multidisciplinary team. Temporary stabilization of fracture followed by the management of associated injuries and delayed definite fixation yields the best result in polytrauma patients with pelvic fracture.

Association of Socio-demographic Determinants with Quality of Life among Road Traffic Accident Victims

Background: Road traffic accidents are the sixth leading cause of death in India with a greater share of hospitalization, disabilities, deaths, and socio-economic losses. Objectives: To assess the socio-demographic determinants associated with quality-of-life among road traffic accident victims. Methodology: A community-based, longitudinal study was conducted for 2 years in South India. Simple random sampling was employed to include 169 accident victims. Baseline data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire on socio-demographic details and using SF-32. Follow-up was at the 6th and 12th month from the day of accident. Data entry and analysis were performed using Epi-data manager 4.2.0. Written informed consent from each participant was sought. Ethical clearance was obtained. Results: The mean ± standard deviation age of the subjects was found to be 36.2 ± 11.4 years. The results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant incremental change in quality of life among the accident survivors at baseline, 6 and 12 months (P < 0.05). Socio-economic determinants such as education, occupation, marital status, and religion were found to be associated with different domains of quality of life. (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The improvement in the quality of life of the victims over 1-year period was found to be significant.

Penerapan Algoritma Floyd-Warshall pada Jalur Evakuasi Korban Kecelakaan di Boyolali

The Floyd-Warshall algorithm is one of the algorithms that can be used to solve the shoetest route problem and is the easiests to apply because it can find all the shortest routes between each possible pair of position and is part of a dynamic program that is very efficient in solving optimal route promblems. The Floyd-Warshall algorithm works by comparing each possible path on the graph for each node pair and checking the resulting node combination. The problem of the shortest route in daily life is the evacuation of victims of traffic accidents in Boyolali, Central Java. For evacuation to be more effective, a nearby route to the nearest hospital is needed. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the study produced reference matrix in the form of the shortest trajectory used to determine the shortest route to nearest hospital in Boyolali, Central Java.

Cardiac proteomic profiling suggests that hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy share a common pathogenetic pathway of the calcium signalling pathway.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are classified as different diseases but have many similar pathogenic genes and clinical symptoms. Previous research has focused on mutated genes. This study was conducted to identify key molecular mechanisms and explore effective therapeutic targets. Myocardial tissue was harvested from patients with HCM (n = 3) or DCM (n = 4) during surgery. Hearts donated by healthy traffic accident victims were treated as controls (n = 4). Total proteins were extracted for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were annotated via GO and KEGG analyses. Selected distinguishing protein abundance was confirmed by western blotting. Compared with the control group, there were 121 and 76 DEPs in the HCM and DCM groups, respectively. GO terms for these two comparisons are associated with contraction-related components and actin binding. Additionally, the most significantly upregulated and downregulated proteins were periostin and tropomyosin alpha-3 chain in both comparisons. Moreover, when comparing the HCM and DCM groups, we found 60 significant DEPs, and the GO and KEGG terms are related to the calcium signalling pathway. Expression of the calcium regulation-related protein peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (FKBP1A) was significantly upregulated in multiple samples. HCM and DCM have many mutual pathogenetic pathways. Calcium ion-related processes are among the most significant factors affecting disease development. For HCM and DCM, research on regulating linchpin protein expression or interfering with key calcium-related pathways may be more beneficial than genetic research.

Accident Prevention and Traffic Safety for Sekolah Alam Robbani Bekasi - (KidSafe)

In 2020, the number of traffic accidents from student age was 42,604 people. Meanwhile, there were 26,355 traffic accidents from student age until September this year. Based on gender, the majority of traffic accidents occurred in men. Traffic accidents contribute greatly as one of the causes of death in Indonesia. Traffic accidents have a high fatality rate. Data shows that in one year, 25, 2666 people died due to traffic accidents. Among the victims of traffic accidents are school children. About 95% of the causes of accidents are human error factors. The purpose of this community service is to provide an understanding of good traffic in early childhood. Understanding facilities for pedestrians and cycling lanes. The method provided is by providing material, pictures of traffic signs, and play displays related to traffic signs. Evaluation and results of activities by dividing students into several small groups and this is effective, students are able to explain traffic signs, and good traffic procedures, especially for users of pedestrian facilities and safe cyclist routes.

Post-Traumatic Feelings of Vulnerability, Psychological Disability, And Connection to Others in Victims of the 2016 Seka Train Derailment in Cameroon

The problem here is that of the restructuring of the link to the other of the psych traumatized person. The objective here is to apprehend the mechanism by which the feeling of vulnerability in the victim of a serious traffic accident, entered in a situation of disability, affects his or her link to the other. Following a qualitative approach, focused on the case study, the data were collected through semi-directive interviews with three victims of the 2016 Seka train accident. For this purpose, thematic content analysis was favoured. According to the results, the link to the other of the psych traumatized person (PP) is declined according to the instinctual unbinding, the attempt of the ego to restore the balance within the psychic spaces in humans. Also, they show that after a serious traffic accident, the organizers of the link are re-focused and can preserve their initial character just as they can be tainted by a feeling of pity. In this case, they plunge the victim into a fusional and/or conflictual relationship, generating a feeling of uselessness, a functional discomfort and a decrease or even a loss of self-esteem.

ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ON RAYA PELTONG ROAD – ARTODUNG PAMEKASAN DISTRICT

The Peltong-Artodung Highway, Pamekasan Regency has a high accident rate, a length of ± 2 km, and an effective road width of ± 6 m which is an area that has enough potential for the movement of traffic flow because it is a connecting road between Pamekasan City and Sumenep City, along the way there are also offices, schools, markets, shops, and residential areas. This analysis was conducted to determine the causal factors that influence the occurrence of traffic accidents. The data needed in this analysis consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data consists of street names, number of lanes, lane widths, and LHR obtained from direct survey results in the field. The secondary data needed is a map of the research location, and data on traffic accidents. The data obtained is then analyzed by classifying accidents based on the factors that cause traffic accidents. The main factor in traffic accidents on Jalan Raya Pelting-Artodung (Jl. Lintas Pamekasan-Sumenep) is human beings, the age of the most traffic accident victims is 16-30 years old, the largest number of accidents occur at 06.00 to 20.00 as many as 63 .44% which is rush hour and the work of the accident perpetrators is dominated by men. Efforts that can be made to reduce the number of accidents on Jalan Raya Peltong-Artodung (Jl. Lintas Pamekasan-Sumenep), namely: providing traffic education and strict sanctions for road users who violate traffic rules and the installation of signs must be by Decree of the Minister of Transportation No. 61 of 1993 concerning Traffic Signs. Keywords: Peltong-Artodung Highway; Accident Characteristics; Victims.

Facilitators and barriers to collaboration between pre-hospital emergency and emergency department in traffic accidents: a qualitative study

BackgroundDeath caused by traffic accidents is one of the major problems of health systems in low- and middle-income countries. Rapid handover of the traffic accident victims and proper collaboration between the pre-hospital and emergency departments (EDs) play a critical role in improving the treatment process and decreasing the number of accidental deaths. Considering the importance of the collaboration between pre-hospital and emergency departments, this study was designed to investigate the facilitators and barriers of collaboration between pre-hospital and emergency departments in traffic accidents.MethodThis research is a qualitative study using content analysis. In order to collect data, semi-structured interviews were used. Seventeen subjects (including pre-hospital and emergency department personnel, emergency medicine specialists, and hospital managers) were selected through purposive sampling and were interviewed. After transcribing and reviewing interviews, data analysis was performed with the qualitative content analysis approach.ResultsThe participants consisted of 17 individuals (15 persons in pre-hospital and emergency departments with at least three years of work experience, one emergency medicine specialist and one hospital manager) who were selected by purposive sampling. The interviews were analyzed and three main categories and seven sub-categories were extracted. The main categories included “individual capabilities”, “development of mutual understanding”, and “infrastructures and processes”.DiscussionProper and practical planning and policymaking to strengthen facilitators and eliminate barriers to collaborate between pre-hospital and emergency departments are key points in promoting collaboration between these two important sectors of health system and reducing the traffic accident casualties in Iran.

Pertanggungjawaban Perusahaan Asuransi PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Kantor Perwakilan Padangsidimpuan Terhadap Korban dalam Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Berbasis Perlindungan Hukum

This study aims to analyze the role, responsibilities, implementation, and accountability of PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Kantor Perwakilan Padang Sidempuan, an insurance company, towards victims of traffic accidents based on legal protection. The research utilized an empirical legal research method with a descriptive analytical approach. Data were obtained through literature review and qualitative analysis of field research. The findings indicate that PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) has a role in collecting mandatory contributions and donations from transportation owners/operators and public transportation passengers. The company is responsible for providing compensation to traffic accident victims as regulated by legislation. The implementation of responsibilities aligns with the legal regulations. However, challenges arise regarding the requirements and processing time for filing insurance claims for traffic accidents. The accountability towards traffic accident victims based on legal protection is insufficient due to public unawareness of compensation provisions and procedural requirements for submitting compensation claims. Consequently, the legal protection for traffic accident victims and the community remains unrealized

Sosialisasi Nilai-Nilai Keselamatan Jalan Raya Di SMKN 2 Kota Makassar

Traffic accidents is a major issue in the aspect of road safety. Based on data from the Directorate General of Road Transportation of the Ministry of Transportation in 2020 that 70% of traffic accident victims come from high school level students. The high number of traffic accident among students means that there is still a lack of awareness of the importance of road safety. This Community Service Activity is in the form of socialization with the theme "Road Safety Values in Vocational School Students in Makassar City". This activity aims to increase awareness and instill road safety cultural values. The implementation of this activity is carried out by conducting initial observations and coordinating with the SMKN 2 Makassar school as a partner of this activity, followed by the socialization, monitoring and evaluation activities. The implementation method is a coaching approach method through socialization with discussion techniques (questions and answers) which are carried out offline using animated videos, presentation slides and relevant images related to road crossing and driving ethics and also safety driving’s tips on the road. This activity is expected to create positive attitudes and behaviors in orderly driving behavior on the road. The results obtained by the students have high enough motivation and are quite enthusiastic, so that the material presented is easy to understand.

Characteristics of traffic accident statistics for older road users

The comparison of different age groups both with respect to the number of traffic accident victims and in relation to the risk of causing an accident is the prerequisite for adifferentiated assessment of persons likely to be a threat and the risk. For this purpose, selected accident statistics were analyzed and evaluated in the context of general population developments. It turns out that the accident risk for older drivers over 75years of age is not exceptionally high; however, the risk of dying in aroad traffic accident is more pronounced for the group of over 75-year-olds. The result varies depending on the means of transport. The findings are intended to stimulate further discussion and give indications for areas of action to increase road safety, especially for older road users.

Penetrating Wound of the Abdomen by Cart Stretcher Sikasso Hospital General Surgery Department

In our surgical practice we have experienced abdominal trauma by stretcher. The case we are reporting to you was a 65-year-old subject who was the victim of a motor-cart type traffic accident with piercing of the abdomen. by stretcher and taken to Sikasso hospital. A laparotomy made it possible to discover mesenteric contusions, hemoperitoneum without visceral lesion. We aspirated 200ml of hemoperitoneum after extraction of the stretcher, closure of the abdominal wall. We propose to review the literature in order to discuss the therapeutic modalities.

GAMBARAN INTENSI MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN DALAM MEMBERIKAN PERTOLONGAN PERTAMA PADA KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS

Intention is one of the important factors in predicting helping behavior in traffic accidents. Traffic accidents are one of the most common types of accidents that cause losses in terms of mortality and morbidity. The existence of first responders who know the first aid step, and are able and willing to help victims is needed. One of the potential responders is nursing students. This study aims to determine the intentions of nursing students in providing first aid in traffic accidents. This research is a quantitative study with a descriptive research design through an observational approach. Respondents of this study were 111 active students of the Bachelor of Nursing Science and Nursing Profession Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University who had passed the emergency nursing course. This study used total sampling. Data collection using the Measure of Intention to Help Road Accident Victim (MIHRAV) questionnaire that has been translated and modified. The results showed that most of the respondents were class of 2019 (59,5%), the majority of respondents were 22 years old (47,7%), female (90,9%), had attended education and training related to first aid in accidents (81,1%), had seen traffic accidents directly (85,6%), and the majority had never helped victims of traffic accidents (55,9%). The majority of respondents had a high intention to provide first aid to traffic accident victims (53,2%).

Comparative study of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) against traditional forensic autopsy findings in fatal road traffic accidents — a pilot analysis

BackgroundVirtopsy is “a virtual alternative to the traditional autopsy, conducted with scanning and imaging technology,” mainly with the use of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT). It is still in the budding stage in India. The Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, is the first center in the country that has established a facility for virtual autopsy. This facility aims to supplement the traditional autopsy findings and also to replace/curtail internal dissection in autopsy in the future, for which there has always been an aversion in relatives of the deceased due to emotional and religious reasons. The PMCT being a noninvasive, preservative, and objective procedure would be preferred by relatives than traditional autopsy. So, in this regard, this pilot study was conducted with the objective for comparison of PMCT vs traditional autopsy findings in fatal road traffic accidents to analyze its advantages and limitations in order to replace/augment the traditional autopsy with PMCT in the near future in road traffic accident cases.ResultsThe authors evaluated 10 cases of road traffic accident victims. In each case, an autopsy was preceded by a PMCT examination using a 16-slice Multi-Slice CT spiral scanner. The fractures of the skull, facial bones, clavicle, scapula, and vertebra were located more precisely as compared to traditional autopsy. Interpretation of the ventricular hemorrhages of the brain is much better in PMCT. PMCT should be the investigation of choice for pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, pneumocephalus, and hemosiuns, while it needs further exploration to detect injuries of soft tissues as out of 14 injuries only 2 were identified by PMCT.ConclusionsThe procedure of whole-body PMCT followed by region-wise CT can be studied for a better PMCT acquisition to detect soft tissue injury findings more precisely. However, the PMCT in this study was able to conclude the cause of death in a more scientific way than the traditional autopsy.

FIRST AID TRAINING IN ACCIDENT FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: EFFORTS TO IMPROVE STUDENT’S KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

Introduction: Lamongan is one of the areas on the north coast with very high traffic accident rate. First aid for accident victims is an important part of the management of accident victims. Students who are in the adolescent age group can become first responders for accident victims. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase students' knowledge and skills in providing first aid to accident victims. Methods: First aid training activities for accidents use lecture, discussion, demonstration and role play methods. The training participants were 50 students of SMKN 1 Lamongan. The material presented in the training includes basic life support, dressings and splints as well as evacuation and transportation. Training using audio visual media and teaching aids. Evaluation of the training using the questionnaires given at the beginning and at the end of the training. Results: The results of the pre test showed that 28 students (56%) had low knowledge, while 22 students (44%) had moderate knowledge. The results of the post test after being given education and training to students were as many as 20 students (40%) had moderate knowledge and 30 students (60%) had high knowledge. Conclusion: First aid training for accident victims for SMKN 1 Lamongan students can increase students' knowledge and skills in performing first aid to accident victims. Students are expected to act as first responders for traffic accident victims.

Post-mortem interval estimation using miRNAs of road traffic accident cases: A forensic molecular approach

In forensic examination accurate estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI) is a challenging task, particularly in the advanced stages of decomposition. The existing methods (algor mortis, livor mortis, rigor mortis, putrefaction etc) used for estimating PMI rely on analyzing the physical, biochemical, and metabolic changes that occur in the corpse after death. While these methods have shown some level of effectiveness in estimating PMI during the early stages of decomposition, accurate estimation becomes increasingly challenging during the later stages of putrefaction when the body undergoes significant changes. Recently, microRNA (miRNA) profiling due to its relatively small size and stability has emerged as a promising tool in several areas of forensics. This study demonstrates the potential of miRNA for PMI estimation in advanced stages of death. In this study, miRNA-195, miRNA-206, and miRNA-378 were selected as target miRNAs and miRNA-1 as reference miRNA. Left ventricle tissue (5 g) of the heart from 20 forensic autopsies of traffic accident victims (18–32 years) were collected and processed. The samples were held at room temperature for eight different time intervals (12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 168 and 196 h), and RNA was extracted from all the samples using Trizol-based RNA isolation protocol, followed by cDNA synthesis and amplification with commercially available specific miRNA probes in Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR), Ct was calculated. The result showed that miRNAs were associated with PMI. Over time, there were substantial changes in the Ct values of all three miRNAs, with significant reductions observed at 196 h compared to 12 h. miRNA-206 demonstrated significant changes at multiple time intervals, while miRNA-1 remained stable for up to 196 h and thus holds caas an endogenous marker. In conclusion, miRNA has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for estimating PMI, especially during the advanced stages of decomposition, when used in conjunction with established techniques. However, further validation of the study is required to obtain more accurate estimates of PMI.