Traffic Accident Statistics Research Articles

Analysis on alteration of road traffic casualties in western China from multi-department data in recent decade.

Road traffic safety has considerably improved in China. However, the changes may differ in the economically backward and altitude higher western region. This study aims to investigate changes in the occurrence and severity of traffic casualties in western China and illuminate several key causal factors. Traffic accident data from the Annual Traffic Accident Statistics Report combined with population and vehicle data from the China Statistics Bureau between 2009 and 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. Traffic accident numbers, fatalities, human injury (HI), case fatality rates (CFR), mortality per 100,000 population (MRP), and mortality per 10,000 vehicles (MRV) were compared between the western and eastern regions. The HI, CFR, MRV, and MRP between the four groups based on the altitude of cities, below 500 meters, 500 to 1,500 meters, 1,500 to 3,000 meters, and over 3,000 meters, were compared using one-way analysis of variance. One hundred and seventy-eight cases of extremely serious traffic accidents were further analyzed in terms of accident occurrence time, vehicle type, road grade, road shape, accident pattern, and accident reason. The differences of accident characteristics between the eastern and western regions were compared using the chi-square test. The number of traffic accidents and fatalities decreased in low-altitude areas in western China. However, there was a significant increasing trend in the high altitude area. The HI, CFR, MRV, and MRP were higher in the western region than that in the eastern and national. Those accident indicators tended to increase with increasing altitude. And there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) among groups from different altitudes. Chi-square test results show that there are statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in term of road grade, road shape, accident pattern between eastern and western. Low-grade roads, combined curved and sloping roads, and rollover were significant features associated with traffic accidents in the western region. Bad roads were the main cause of rollover accidents in western China, which will lead to more serious casualties. Over speeding, overloading, bad weather, vehicle failure, and driver error were the top five accident causes. Traffic accidents are increasing in high-altitude areas of western China, and they lead to more severe casualties. The characteristics of serious traffic accidents in this part of the country differ from those of the eastern regions. Improving road safety facilities, restrictions of speed, and improving medical treatment at accident scenes may be effective measures to reduce traffic accidents related injuries in the western region.

Analysis of the Relationship between Age and Violation of Traffic Laws and Ordinances in Traffic Accidents on Children

In Japan, where the birthrate continues to decline, various initiatives are underway to promote traffic safety for children. Although these efforts have helped reduce the number of traffic accidents involving children, an examination of the circumstances under which children were killed or injured in traffic accidents in recent years shows that accidents in which children were riding bicycles accounted for the highest percentage of accidents. We investigated the relationship between the ages of children involved in traffic accidents and violations of traffic laws using traffic accident statistics maintained by the Ishikawa Prefectural Police Headquarters. These records revealed that 16-year-olds were most likely to be involved in traffic accidents. Our analysis of the violations of laws and ordinances with respect to the ages of bicyclists involved in car accidents at intersections found that, of all the age categories, elementary school students had the lowest rate of accidents with no violations and the highest rate of accidents involving a failure to stop. Junior and senior high school students had lower rates of accidents involving a failure to stop than elementary school students. Moreover, at non-intersections, driving safety violations were notably higher for accidents involving bicycling elementary school students than for those in other age groups.

Violations of social regulation and traffic accidents in road freight transport

The aim of the work is to analyze violations of social regulation in road freight transport and to propose solutions to prevent these violations. In the first part, we devoted ourselves to the processing of knowledge about road freight transport based on the legislation of the European Union, which is directly oriented to the conditions for the operator of road freight transport with vehicles over 3.5-tons of total weight. Since compliance with the rules also comes with their violations, it is also necessary to consider the traffic accident rate in road freight transport, we specifically identified and compared the traffic accident rate in road freight transport based on traffic accident statistics published on the website of the Ministry of the Interior. In the second part, we gradually processed and evaluated a questionnaire survey, which consisted of questions focused on the violation of social legislation by drivers. In the final part of the work, based on the analysis from the first part of the work and the results from the questionnaire survey in the second part, we proposed solutions to prevent the most frequent violations of social legislation by drivers and carriers.

Health effects of a ban on late-night alcohol sales.

This paper studies the impact of a ban on late-night off-premise alcohol sales between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m. in Germany. We use three large administrative data sets: (i) German diagnosis related groups-Statistik, (ii) data from a large social health insurance, and (iii) Road Traffic Accident Statistics. Applying difference-in-differences and synthetic-control-group methods, we find that the ban had no effects on alcohol-related road casualties, but significantly reduced alcohol-related hospitalizations (doctor visits) among young people by around 9 (18) percent. The decrease is driven by fewer hospitalizations due to acute alcohol intoxication during the night-when the ban is in place-but not during the day.

Analysis of risks and restrictions in hospitalization of urgent patients by ground transport

Relevance. Mortality from accidents, poisoning, acute diseases and injuries in Russia and the world remains high. For a number of urgent conditions, fast medical evacuation to a medical facility and prompt specialized care are critical. In a metropolis, there are a number of features that limit the work of ambulance ground teams (AGT). Intention. To analyze medical evacuation of patients to a hospital in a metropolis (the city of Moscow as an example) using ground transportation, with its shortcomings and limitations. Methodology. Patterns prehospital and early hospital mortality of patients in need of emergency medical care were analyzed, main reasons for the fastest possible transportation to a specialized hospital were determined. The statistics of road traffic accidents involving ambulances in Moscow for 2019-2020 were analyzed. Average traffic loads in Moscow for the period of 2017-2019 were estimated. Cases of rendering emergency medical care to Muscovites outside the city and in places without a road transport system were analyzed. Results and Discussion. The main causes of death before arrival of ambulance teams are blood loss of various origins (28 %), burn shock (6 %), poisoning with various substances (31 %), traumatic brain injury and stroke (12 %), acute coronary syndrome (7 %) and a number of other conditions. If resuscitation measures are required, risks of death increase by 10.7 % for every 10 minutes of waiting for an ambulance. One-day outcomes were influenced by time to hospital admission for cardiovascular diseases (26.9-30.1 % mortality rate ); diseases and injuries of the central nervous system, i.e. stroke, head injury (25.2-25.5 % mortality rate); internal bleeding (12.6-15.2 % mortality rate). In Moscow in 2019, an average of 2.8 ambulance vehicles got into road accidents daily. This probability amounted to 2.78 x10-3 and was 2.5 times higher than for other vehicles (1.11 x10-3). The main restrictions for ground transportation in a metropolis are as follows: unpredictable traffic conditions increase time to hospital admission, difficulty transporting patients from remote areas, including off-road locations. Conclusion. When urgent patients are admitted to a specialized hospital by road in a metropolis, there are a number of restrictions that must be taken into account when organizing emergency medical care. The main potential risks of increased time to hospital admission in Moscow is unpredictable road traffic.

Prospects for regulatory and technical regulation of the design and technical condition of tanks for the transport of dangerous goods

Collected and analyzed statistics of road traffic accidents (RTA) with vehicles intended for the transport of dangerous goods. Proposals have been developed to reduce the severity of the consequences of such accidents. Recommendations are formulated on the directions of development for the purpose of improving road safety. The current and future state of affairs in the field of conformity assessment of tank trucks for the transport of dangerous goods is analyzed. The conclusions contain suggestions for correcting the current situation. Keywords: dangerous goods, road traffic accident, road safety, ADR, tank trucks

Фиксация административных правонарушений на транспорте: правовые и социальные аспекты

The article is devoted to the analysis of the experience of fixing administrative offenses in the field of traffic, the problems of using automatic fixation as a source of evidence in cases of administrative offenses are raised, the statistics of traffic accidents in recent years are analyzed. Examples are given of how automatic fixation of administrative offenses has a positive effect on road safety, in particular, it is proved that the use of administrative fixation means should also be a preventive measure that contributes to traffic regulation. In addition, a sociological aspect was considered in order to understand how society relates to this activity in order to correct its direction. The ways of improving the legislation are proposed both by eliminating emerging gaps and contradictions, as well as introducing innovations in line with the development of legal relations, based on law enforcement practice, and technical means through the introduction of new technologies.

Эффективность существующих детских автомобильных городков в аспекте повышения уровня безопасности дорожного движения для детей-пешеходов

With the rapidly increasing level of motorization, the issue of solving the problems of road safety (RS) is relevant. The article describes the experience of the Children's Youth Automobile School Association of Russia, which shows a tendency to reduce the number of traffic accidents involving children through the functioning of children's youth driving schools, the introduction of children's auto-cities in public areas, as well as the organization of competitions for youth autoathlon. Thus, children learn the basic principles of Road Traffic Regulations (RTR) and driving a vehicle (V), learn responsibility on the road. The authors emphasize the need for an in-depth program of driver training from an early age, which can provide, developed by the authors, the Children's Interactive Car Park (CICP). The authors offer a program of the park use, which includes teaching children from four to eighteen years old the main aspects of behavior on the road: the psychology of driving, understanding and following the Road Traffic Regulations, the theoretical basics of the car operation and the skill of driving. Such substantiated approach will allow children to practice the skills they have learned, without going out into real city conditions, as provided in driving schools, which will help improve road safety by bringing up a generation of trained drivers, responsible pedestrians, and careful cyclists. The selection of elements is also confirmed by the statistics of road traffic accidents according to the principle of the most frequent accidents at a specific location and is supported by similar statistics of accidents in the Russian Federation.

Fracture Patterns in Saudi Arabian Road Traffic Accidents Over the Last 12 Years: A Systematic Review

Background: Road traffic accidents are a major non-communicable epidemic that accounts for death and morbidity in the world today. Despite considerable attention given to health statistics of road traffic accidents (RTAs), the pattern of bone fracture aspects of injuries resulting from RTAs is not fully understood in Saudi Arabia. This review aimed to study the epidemiological pattern of fractures due to RTAs in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This systematic review was based on the latest evidence of RTA fractures in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (SAUDI ARABIA). All articles published during the last 12 years on road traffic accident-associated fractures in SAUDI ARABIA were analyzed. We examined 12 studies published between 2012 and 2022. Eleven included studies were cross-sectional studies and collected data retrospectively, while one study was a cohort. Results: A total of 4709 patients with fractures admitted in 2010–2022, followed by road traffic accidents, were included. Male patients accounted for 81.6% (n = 3843) of all fractures reported. The most commonly fractured body areas were the upper limb extremities (30.05%), followed by lower limb extremities (11.30%), head or skull fracture (10.53%), spine fracture (8.83%), ribs fracture (8.52%), neck fracture (8.09%), pelvis fracture (3.44%), clavicle fracture (1.89%), and sternal fracture (0.28%). Among the upper limb fractures, the femur bone was most fractured (17.06%), and the combined tibia patella and fibula accounted for 17.69% of upper limb fractures. Conclusion: Lower limb fractures, especially femur bone fractures, are prevalent in Saudi Arabia, and caused by RTAs, especially among young males. Therefore, the concerned authorities need to employ and implement stricter traffic rules to minimize the risk of RTA fractures and their subsequent increased morbidity and mortality rates

Equipment Condition for Zebra Crossing Night-Time Safety Performance in Latvia

According to road traffic accident (hereinafter referred to as RTA) statistics, the vulnerable road users are pedestrians in Latvia. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyse technical equipment used on non-signalled pedestrian crossings (zebra crossings) in Latvia and to make suggestions for measures that would increase road traffic safety on zebra crossings. RTAs involving collisions with pedestrians were filtered from the Ministry of the Interior database for a three-year period from 2016 to 2018. Thirty-two zebra crossings with a higher number of accidents with pedestrians were observed on the spot during the daylight and at night in several cities of Latvia. The main emphasis during the observation was placed on traffic signs and zebra road marking performance. Pedestrian crossings were observed from car driver’s view by taking photographs during day-time and night-time observations. Most attention was paid to road sign and road marking visibility from driver’s seat position. Retroreflection coefficient R’ was measured for each pedestrian crossing road sign. It was found that the condition and performance of traffic organisation equipment were not maintained on a regular basis and the life cycle of some traffic signs had well expired. Many road signs do not comply with minimum requirements, and road markings have weak visibility during wet weather conditions. It is recommended to improve visibility of pedestrian crossings from driver’s view in the urban areas by increasing rain vision for road markings and higher retroreflection class for traffic signs.

THE RELEVANCE OF OPTIMIZING THE APPROACH TO TRAINING POLICE OFFICERS IN FIRST AID MEASURES

This article develops the idea of the need to use new methods in training police officers in first aid measures to increase their motivational and professional readiness to provide first aid at the scene. The current statistics of road traffic accidents (road accidents) are analyzed in the context of the number of injured and dead, world according to the World Health Organization (WHO), local according to the federal bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA). The relevance of making changes to the first aid training programs for organizations with a high level of exposure to production factors is considered by the example of police officers in the context of accident statistics and survey data of police officers in the context of first aid to victims at the scene.

Research on characteristics of occupant’s chest responses in oblique impact

The oblique impact is the second most common frontal impact, in which both the forward and lateral accelerations are applied to the occupant. It is noticed that the oblique impact is a primary source of serious injuries, in which the chest injuries are mostly fatal through the statistics of traffic accidents. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of the occupant’s chest injury in the frontal oblique impact. First, a model with a sled and a Test Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) dummy is established. Second, an acceleration curve with a peak of 9.0 g is applied to the sled. Then 11 sets of simulations with different impact angles and belt peak loads are conducted to evaluate the occupant’s chest responses. Results indicate that there is a negative correlation between belt peak force and injury outcomes, while there is a weak correlation between chest injury and impact angle. With the increase of the belt force limit, the chest deflection at Lower Left (LL) would increase by 37.9%, and the acceleration at LL would increase by 23.1%. Meanwhile, the Viscous Criterion (VC) at LL would increase by 61.4%. However, the relationship between the impact angle and injury drawn by VC and acceleration is inconsistent. Additionally, in all simulations, the maximum deflections are captured at the LL, while the maximum VCs happens at Upper Right (UR) or LL. It is demonstrated that a seatbelt with a lower peak force is friendly to the occupant’s chest under all the impact angles. This study can provide a reference to the study of chest injury in the oblique impact.

РАССЛЕДОВАНИЕ И АНАЛИЗ АВАРИЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ НА АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫХ ДОРОГАХ ПОСТОЯННОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ

The statistics of road traffic accidents in general on federal and forest roads of the Russian Federation, as well as with the participation of large wild animals, have been considered. An analysis of the number of incidents reported in various official sources of information has been made. Significant underestimation of the main accident rates was noted, especially with the participation of wild animals on forest roads. The features of the investigation and examination of accidents involving pedestrians and wild animals, taking into account the requirements of the RF Traffic Rules, are described. Deficiencies in the requirements of the RF Traffic Rules have been identified. Possible variants of hazardous traffic situations on forest road sections have been considered. A deterministic analysis of possible variants of a vehicle collision with a wild animal has been carried out. The speed of movement of a vehicle on an emergency-dangerous section of the road has been determined, which allows the driver to timely apply emergency braking to prevent a collision with an animal. Additions to the Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation have been proposed, aimed at ensuring safety on emergency-hazardous sections of highways and forest roads

A BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TO DETECT SOMNOLENCE OF CAB DRIVERS USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK

The Road Traffic Accident Statistics concluded that fatal road accident 60% is caused by vehicle collision of taxi drivers. World Health Organization (WHO) is constantly initiating global road safety measures to minimize road accidents but, the cause for fatal injuries is primarily due to driving fatigue. Most people rely on cabs as the main transport. To provide obligate care of passengers, a computer vision-based technique is needed to detect the somnolence of drivers. Our proposed model CabSafety is based non-intrusive computer vision technique using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). A tiny camera is fixed focusing the driver’s face to monitor the behavioral changes like an eye blink, yawing, watery eye, mouth movement, and head position. The measures of the driver’s eye are concentrated to identify sleepiness under stimulator or test conditions. The efficiency of the proposed model provides better results compared to the existing technique. The image from the camera is processed by OpenCV and Keras/Tensor flow. CNN classifier is used to detect eye status. The prediction from the CNN classifier produces an alarm to alert the driver.

Basic analysis on the traffic accident characteristics of foreign visitors using traffic accident statistics

Basic analysis on the traffic accident characteristics of foreign visitors using traffic accident statistics

Analysis of the Accident Rate of the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation

Every year, tens of thousands of road traffic accidents occur on the territory of Russia, characterized by different accident rates. Some of the most common are road traffic accidents, in the place of which violations of the mandatory requirements for the operational state of highways and railway crossings have been recorded under the conditions of ensuring road safety. The condition of the asphalt concrete road surface affects the grip performance of the vehicle with the road. It is necessary to study the statistics of road traffic accidents in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation located in different road and climatic zones in order to determine the dependence and the degree of influence of the state of the road surface on the number of accidents occurring.

Automated Vehicles Sharing the Road: Surveying Detection and Localization of Pedalcyclists

Automated Vehicles (AVs) must comply with traffic laws, including those requiring motorists to maintain safe distances when passing pedalcyclists. We review relevant U.S. legislation, statistics of traffic accidents in the U.S. resulting in pedalcyclists fatalities, and present “what if” scenarios for AV and pedalcyclist interactions to illustrate safety-preserving algorithms’ necessary ethical considerations. We identify a need for pervasive cyclist identification to improve situational awareness and propose as a solution the concept of using AV-mounted Bluetooth receivers for identifying and localizing a pedalcyclist's “beaconing” Bluetooth device, e.g., a preexisting, low-cost performance monitoring system. This method estimates the distance-to-bicycle from the receivers’ Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). Experimental results prove its feasibility for coarse pedalcyclist localization. Such a system may augment contemporary vision-based detection systems, thereby improving detection resilience and safety, particularly in dark or poor weather conditions.

Development of classification of stochastic factors affecting traffic flow regulation and establishment internal connections between them

The article discusses the features of the formation of stochastic factors affecting the regulation of traffic flows, establishes their mutual relations, proposes an innovative approach for dividing stochastic factors into classes and groups. Since in modern operational and long-term transport planning, the issues of the influence of stochastic factors on changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the traffic flow on the city’s road network are not taken into account or are taken into account insignificantly, there is a need to systematize these factors and find effective ways to work with them. Also proposed to divide the complex of stochastic factors into nine categories – classes, in six of which additional groups are distinguished. The role of the main (control) class is played by the statistics of traffic accidents on the city’s road network. Between classes and individual groups, direct simplex and duplex connections are established both on the material and non-material levels. A scheme is presented with which you can track the chain of critical events that form one or another stochastic factor on the transport network. The principles and prerequisites of the proposed classification are explained, a detailed description of all categories is given, indicating the nuances of their formation and accounting when regulating traffic flows, planning the transport process. The key aspects of the use of stochastic factors in the processes of modeling traffic flows are described

Analysis of Influencing Factors in Traffic Accidents of Road Passenger Transport Vehicles

Traffic accidents of road passenger transport vehicles will cause great harm and impact on society and families. Analyzing the factors involved in the accident can find the main reason for the accident. This article analyzes the participating factors in accidents based on the data from the annual road traffic accident statistics report. Combining with the results of historical research, the important influencing factors are classified and analyzed, and some key factors of driving safety are summarized. Transport companies should pay attention to the key factors that may lead to accidents and eliminate these hidden dangers.

ANALYSIS OF PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE SAFETY ON THE MOST ACCIDENTAL STREETS IN VILNIUS CITY

The article examines the intersections of the most accidental streets of Vilnius, which are classified as black spots, and provides suggestions on how to rearrange them. The statistics of traffic accidents are analyzed to identify the most accident-prone streets. Dangerous intersections are identified by the black spot methodology. The technical parameters of the most accident-prone streets, the behavior of pedestrians and cyclists at intersections are analyzed. After analyzing the factors that determine the accident, solutions are proposed to help reduce the number of accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists.