Mortality Rate For Traffic Accidents Research Articles

Statistical modeling of emergency medical services’ response and rescue times to road traffic crashes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Emergency medical services (EMS) is a critical component high-quality health-care. Road traffic crashes are one of the major causes of death and injury around the world. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the road traffic crash death rate has reached 29 per 100,000 people, or 11.25% of total deaths in 2018. The Saudi Red Crescent Authority (SRCA) is responsible for providing EMS in KSA. However, its average response time to road traffic crashes (14 min) is slower than the international standard (8 min). In this study, we analyzed a total of 57,928 road traffic crash reports recorded in 2019 by the SRCA for all cities in the KSA. The effective planning of SRCA, which is highly dependent on historical data analysis, is critical for decreasing emergency response times and, thereby, rescue times. Thus, we aimed to analyze response and rescue time trends related to road traffic crashes to identify significant factors that would assist decision-makers in enhancing the responsiveness of EMS through rescheduling, relocating stations, managing resources (e.g., ambulances and staff), or strategies based on the factors identified as significant. Statistical tools were used to identify the significant factors that affect the SRCA’s performance in responding to road traffic crashes. The analysis results showed that the response and rescue times for road traffic crashes of the SRCA varied within as a result of different factors like geographical region, academic calendar, crash time, weather conditions, the severity of injuries sustained, and the number of injured people. The central regions have the longest average response and rescue times while the northern regions have the shortest ones. Response and rescue times were higher during daytime hours and holidays than during night hours and non-holiday periods. The results also indicated that EMS response and rescue times were significantly associated with mortality rate for road traffic crashes. As a result, by decreasing response and rescue times, the mortality rate for traffic accidents in the KSA could be decreased. Identifying and understanding significant factors that impact EMS response and rescue times can help decision-makers improve the performance of EMS, reduce response and rescue times, save people’s lives, and reduce governmental healthcare costs.

Understanding of Development Emergency Medical Services in Laos Emergency Medicine Residents

BACKGROUND: Rising death tolls from traffic accidents are quickly becoming an inescapable problem in almost all countries around the world. That being said, the World Health Organization has launched an ambitious campaign aimed at reducing the death rate from traffic accidents by 50% in the next 10 years. Development of emergency medical services (EMSs) was the tool to success the goals, especially in low- to middle-income countries including Laos. However, no studies regard perspective of training EMS in Laos emergency medicine residents. AIM: The aim of our work is to demonstrate the effect of EMS training for Laos emergency medicine residents to the development of the national policy in Lao’s EMS. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two countries (Laos and Thailand) from January 2020. The project activities were establishment of a command-and-control center, development of EMS support system, and training for emergency care professionals. RESULTS: The eight Laos emergency medicine residents were enrolled between January and March 2020. After practicing as a dispatcher and emergency medical consultant in Thailand at Khon Kaen University, the participants from Laos found that all personnel gained experience and improved their knowledge of technology in EMS and organization management. This had a direct impact on improving confidence in their return to practice in Laos. CONCLUSIONS: The human resource development through international collaboration between Thailand and Laos is contributing the effective knowledge and expertise learning in Laos. Moreover, the result of this training may provide the most effective care system resulting in the much-needed drop in the mortality rate of traffic accidents in Laos.

The relationship between geographical region and perceptions of radiation risk after the Fukushima accident: The mediational role of knowledge

Since the Fukushima accident, radiation risk perception has been of public concern. Factors related to regional differences in radiation risk perception and the role that knowledge of radiation effects plays are still not clearly understood. Here, we first assessed the validity of the Lindell radiation risk perception scale by comparing it with the mortality rate of traffic accidents. We then investigated the relationship between the perceptions and both the geographical regions and the knowledge of genetic effects and, further, verified the mediating role of knowledge in the perception. The sample comprised of 832 participants who responded to an online questionnaire in August 2018 from Tokyo and Fukushima. There was a significant association between the Lindell scale and the perceived magnitude of genetic risk relative to traffic accident mortality. Knowledge of genetic effects, after the atomic bombs, was associated with perceptions of lower genetic risks. The relationship between geographical region and risk perception was mediated by knowledge. However, approximately 40% of those who had knowledge still perceived a high risk, indicating that perception is not governed by knowledge alone. In addition to efforts to share knowledge, it is important to interactively communicate regarding risk to alleviate the anxiety felt by individuals.

The study of the traffic deaths in the city of Zarand seven years after the implementation of the safe community (2013-2017)

Background: Traffic accidents eliminate huge human potential, and also have significant social and economic consequences. To address this public health problem, the World Health Organization has nominated a Credential safe community. Purposes: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of the implementation of the safe community of Zarand (7 years after the implementation) on the mortality rate of traffic accidents during 2013-2017. Methods: This study is a descriptive study. To determine the process of traffic accident deaths seven years after the implementation of the safe community of Zarand (2013-2017) and calculating YLL (Years potential life loss), the information was derived from the Iran Death Register and the life table of Iranian population (life expectancy index from birth). SPSS V24 and Excel software were used to analyze the data. Results: In this study, in 2015, 2016 and 2017, 6.62, 8 and 5.49% of deaths were due to traffic accidents in Zarand city. The highest deaths from traffic accidents were at the age of 25-64 years. Due to traffic accidents, the person loses his life earlier than 1000 People of Population covered of Kerman University and Zarand Health Center respectively (in year 2017), 8.85 and 8.34 years, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of our study, the mortality rate of traffic accidents has varied over these five years. It is recommended to study other indicators of events in order to better judge the effectiveness of the implementation of the safe community plan in Zarand. Key words: Safe community, traffic accidents, mortality, Cause of death and life expectancy.

Application of Capture-Recapture Method to Estimate Traffic Accident Mortality Rate

Background: In many countries, disease registries are the main source of information necessary for planning and monitoring health-improving programs. In Iran, there is no unified registry system for deaths due to traffic accidents, so organizations that are involved in traffic accidents report different statistics. This study aimed to assess traffic accident mortality rate and completeness of death registries in Northern provinces of Iran from March 21, 2010 to March 20, 2011 using capture-recapture method. Methods: Data of all traffic accident victims including last name, age, sex, and time of death confirmed by traffic police legal forensics organization, and hospitals were used to collect. Then, different log-linear models proposed in the context of capture-recapture method were fitted to predict the number of cases missed by the sources. Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) were used as goodness of fit indices to identify preferred fitted models. Results: According to the prediction of the most fitted model, the total number of traffic accident deaths was 3857 of which, 727 cases were not documented by any of the responsible organizations. Mortality rate due to traffic accidents was estimated as 53.73 with 95% confidence interval (52.41 - 55.15) per 100000 population of the three provinces. The rates of legal medicine organization, hospitals, and traffic police department were 65.95%, 36.06%, and 16.85%, respectively. Conclusions: Incidence rate of fatal traffic accidents in Northern provinces of Iran is higher in comparison with other provinces. It seems that statistics reported by responsible organizations are underestimated, hence the need for application of methods like the capture-recapture method.

Karakteristik kasus kecelakaan di UPT kesmas Tegallalang I Kabupaten Gianyar Bali 2014

Accidents are unpredictable and can not be anticipated by someone. Generally, accidents can be divided into traffic accidents and occupational accidents. In Indonesia, the mortality rate of traffic accidents are 120 people per day. Meanwhile the current global mortality rate reached 1.24 million per year. In Bali, by the Central Bureau of Statistics of Bali Province in 2013 occurred approximately 2166 cases of accidents with fatalities reached 578 victims and material losses of approximately four billion rupiahs. In 2013, accidents placed at first rank of 10 major diseases by 5579 the number of cases with details of 210 cases of occupational accidents and 5369 cases of traffic accidents. No studies have argued about the characteristics of the cases of accidents, so UPT Kesmas Tegallalang I readiness in handling of accident cases is unknown. This study was descriptive quantitative approached using cross-sectional methode. This research was conducted in the region of UPT Kesmas Tegallalang I on December 2014 – Januray 2015. Population in this study were all accident’s victims were brought to Emergency Room of UPT Kesmas Tegallalang I. The sampling technique used was total sampling with a sample of 1131 people. The instrument used wassecondary data of pattient’s register were brought to Emergency Room of UPT Kesmas Tegallalang I at 2014. Data analysis techniques with descriptive which presented in narrative with table or chart. Characteristic of patients most of this research on male sex (64.8 %), group of young adults age ( 30.8 % ), originated from the village of tegallalang (39.9 %) , with the diagnosis stab wound (28.8 %), did not have the medical intervention (50.4 %) , received antibiotics amoxicilin (67.7 %) .The number of the most cases is in November (104 cases) , the number of cases referred is highest in january (8 cases) .The use of amoxicilin is highest in November , the use of erythomicin is highest in December , the use of anti rabies vaccine is highest in february (13 cases). The emergency department at puskesmas requires the readiness of good in providing services to patients accident victims.

Truck drivers' traffic accidents in the State of São Paulo: prevalence and predictors.

Abstract The mortality rate of traffic accidents (TA) is high in Brazil. Trucks are the second category of motor vehicles most often involved in TA. However, few studies have addressed the issue of TA among these professionals. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of TA and their predictors in a sample of 684 truck drivers recruited in the state of São Paulo during 2012 and 2013. We requested participants to answer a research instrument on their personal and occupational data and their involvement in TA and traffic violations. A logistic regression model was developed to identify TA predictors. Almost 11% of the respondents suffered at least one TA in that timeframe. We identified the following TA predictors: having few years of experience as professional drivers (OR = 1.86; CI 95% = 1.05-3.38; p = 0.036); receiving some traffic tickets (OR = 1.91; CI 95% = 1.04-3.66; p = 0.043) and working more than 12 hours daily (OR = 1.84; CI 95% = 1.04-3.24; p = 0.034). Given those results, we suggest the development of a joint action among all the involved social stakeholders in order to negotiate truck drivers' work organization aiming at reducing behaviors that may lead to traffic accidents.

Feedback control strategy of a new car-following model based on reducing traffic accident rates

ABSTRACTTo reduce the traffic accident death rate effectively and alleviate the traffic congestion phenomenon, this study proposes a new type of car-following model under the influence of drivers’ time-varying delay response time. Based on Lyapunov function theory, this paper reduces the traffic accident rate problem to the stability issues of the new model. By constructing suitable Lyapunov functions and using the linear matrix inequality method, the stability problem of the new car-following model is studied. The model, under the action of the controller, can effectively restrain traffic congestion. Using the traffic accident rate model proposed by Solomon, compared with the car-following model without the controller, the model under the controller shows a stronger convergence. This also means that the traffic congestion phenomenon has been effectively suppressed while greatly reducing the mortality rate of traffic accidents.

Aportaciones a las ciencias de la salud: El comportamiento peatonal arriesgado de chilenos y brasileros

Pedestrians are causative and victims of traffic accidents in the world and very especially in Latin America. A model originally built for drivers risk behavior is applied to pedestrians in two contrasting countries in the Southern Cone of America: Brazil has the highest mortality rate for traffic accidents and Chile the lowest. An accidental sample -463 participants, 223 Chileans and 240 Brazilians of 17 to 40 years of age-, answered an instrument containing the scale of pedestrian behavior (ECP, 1999) and information relating to sex, age, licensed drivers and participation in traffic accidents was collected. Contributing to explain the contrasting mortality, Chileans reported to perform significantly less pedestrian’s transgressions, fewer errors and lapses than Brazilian pedestrians. Men in both countries are more transgressors than women. We discuss the utility and the results of the model used giving some recommendations for public health in this area.

Investigating the predictive of risk-taking attitudes and behaviors among Iranian drivers.

Background:World Health Organization findings shows that up to year 2020 the number of fatality due to driving accidents will increases up to 65%, which is 80% is in developing countries. Iran has one of the highest rates of road traffic accident mortality rate in the world.Materials and Methods:The cross-sectional study was carried out in the center and west of Iran upon 540 ordinary and taxi drivers who were driving regularly from bus terminals and the travel agencies to other cities. Data collection tool is a questionnaire that measuring driving risk taking by two items of risky driving behaviors and risk taking attitudes.Findings:The results of this study showed that the averages of risk driving behaviors scores were higher than the average of risk taking attitudes scores. The results of logistic regression test showed that the risky driving behaviors can be a predictor of driving accidents due to individuals’ risk taking (P = 0.014). Among all these variables, attitude toward rule violations and speeding, aggressive driving and violation of the road laws respectively are important predictive of drivers’ risk taking (P < 0.0010).Discussion and Conclusion:Although attitude toward risk taking has been located at a low level by different ways, a desired result was not obtained from the reduction of those high risky behaviors; in fact, high-rate of accidents and traffic incidence in Iran indicates this matter well.

‘The triangle that moves the mountain’: evaluation of road safety intervention model in Phuket, Thailand

BackgroundRoad traffic accident mortality rate in Phuket was very high. In 2006, it was the third highest in Thailand.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo evaluate the impact of road safety intervention programmes in Phuket.MethodsRoad traffic...

Traffic related deaths in Nuevo Leon, Mexico: causes and associated factors

The effects of alcohol on mortality due to motor vehicle accidents was studied. During the first semester of 2003, a sample of 243 fatality victims of traffic-related accidents and their blood alcohol levels were analyzed in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The age-adjusted mortality rate for traffic accidents was 8.9/100000 pop. (13.2 for males and 3.21 for females, per 100000). Fatal accidents were more common in the Metropolitan Area (MA). Fatalities were four times greater in males and the mean age was 34.7+/-18.2 years. Blood alcohol was detected in almost half of the victims who were drivers of the vehicles; the other cases of fatalities may be associated with road/car condition, weather and other factors. Alcohol intoxication levels were primarily associated with male drivers ages 16 to 45 (p=0.029); levels increased with age. In females, alcohol played a lesser role, affecting mostly ages 31 to 45 y (p=0.055).

Mortality rate associated to traffic accidents and registered motor vehicles

The mortality rate due to traffic accidents is an information often used while making public health policies. In order to measure traffic violence, a study was carried to analyze the number of death by traffic accidents per registered motor vehicle. Based on the number of registered vehicles, population and traffic accident deaths, obtained from the Statistical Yearbook (1999), Demographic Yearbook (1997), Denatran (1999), Ministério da Saúde (2000) and Fundação IBGE (2000) 61 countries and 51 areas in Brazil were studied. Traffic accident mortality rate was broken down into registered motor vehicles per capita and the number of deaths per motor vehicle. To assess this relationship, the samples (international and Brazilian) were subdivided into three groups according to the number of vehicles per capita. To test the statistical significance of this relationship, log-linear regression was used. The number of deaths per motor vehicles is associated to the number of registered motor vehicles per capita. The statistical relationship is -1.067 for international data and -0.515 for the Brazilian data. To prevent traffic accidents, there is a need of further studies to explain the high numbers of deaths due to motor vehicles associated with the low rate of registered motor vehicles per capita.

Evolución de la mortalidad por accidentes de tráfico en España, 1962–1994

To assess the evolution of the traffic accident mortality rate in Spain from 1962 to 1994, and the role played by its four theoretical components: motorization index (vehicles/population), accidentability index (accidents/vehicles), harmfulness index (victims/accidents) and fatality index (deaths/victims). Data from the National Population Census and the Bulletin of the Dirección General de Tráfico were collected to estimate the above mentioned indicators for all accidents and accidents in road and urban zones. Simple and multiple partial correlation coefficients among variables were calculated. Poisson regression models were also obtained. An increasing trend during the whole period was observed for the national traffic accident mortality rate, especially from 1982 to 1989 in the younger age groups, followed by a decrease since 1990. The aforementioned four components were significatively associated with the mortality rate. The strength of this association was especially high for the motorization index and for the harmfulness index when all accidents and road accidents were considered. For urban accidents, the fatality index rate is the component most strongly associated with mortality rate. The role played by the accidentability index in the magnitude of the mortality rate seems less important. The growing exposure rate to traffic accidents observed in Spain (measured by the motorization index) is not directly influenced by public heath strategies. Therefore, it seems advisable to emphasize the development of measures focused to control the other three components of traffic accident mortality rate, especially those related with harmfulness and fatality.