Traditional Telephony Services Research Articles

Impact of Mobile Phone Services on the Traditional Telecommunication Services in India

Background/Purpose: Telecommunication is a principal element in the current technology-driven world. The impact of mobile phone services over traditional services is the key to India witnessing the Digital revolution. This paper highlights the mobile phone services that have impacted the traditional services and the digital penetration that has been observed in almost every sector. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is mainly based on the data collected from secondary sources of information. The secondary data sources are from annual reports of the telecom sector and websites. It is an explorative research case study that shows the emergence of mobile phone services over traditional telephone services and performs PESTLE analysis. Findings/Result: Based on the study, India has moved into a digital population to a great extent through the advancements in technology and internet services through data packs and broadband connections. The mobile phone services along with the Telecom sector in India have played a crucial role in this transformation with connectivity, affordability, and technological change. Originality/Value: This paper analyzes and interprets the data collected from the past 10 years with respect to telecommunications services and mobile services in India. Based on the findings and their interpretation, new knowledge in the form of recommendations/suggestions is presented. Paper Type: Industry Analysis as a Research Case Study.

A survey on registration hijacking attack consequences and protection for session initiation protocol (SIP)

Today, many organizations are transforming their traditional telephone services into Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) systems. These services are simple to implement, but they are often vulnerable to attacks because they are packet-switched IP networks to support the circuit-switched used for voice communication. SIP is widely used as a signaling protocol to facilitate video and voice communication, as well as for more multimedia applications. However, it is not protected against various types of attacks because of its open nature and lack of a clear line of defense against the growing number of security threats. Among these risks, registration hijacking assaults, known by its harmful effect, attack both the User Agent Server (UAS) and the User Agent Client (UAC). In particular, the REGISTER message is evaluated as one of the main reasons of registration hijacking assaults in SIP. An attacker who deactivates the SIP registration of a valid user and replaces it with the logical address of the hacker. This allows the hacker to block incoming calls as well as redirect, replay or end calls at will. In this survey, we present a complete study of the registration attack against SIP, communicating its different alternatives and analyzing its consequences. We have also categorized current solutions based on the different registration hijacking attack approaches they face, their types, and their targets. In addition, We conduct an in-depth review of the robustness and inefficiency of these solutions, as well as an in-depth analysis of each one’s basic assumptions to better understand their limitations. Finally, we recommend protecting the UAC registration method against registration-hijacking by using the Media Access Control (MAC) address to improve the efficiency of the studied solutions.

Consumer-facing technology fraud: Economics, attack methods and potential solutions

Abstract The emerging use of modern technologies has not only benefited society but also attracted fraudsters and criminals to misuse the technology for financial benefits. Fraud over the Internet has increased dramatically, resulting in an annual loss of billions of dollars to customers and service providers worldwide. Much of such fraud directly impacts individuals, both in the case of browser-based and mobile-based Internet services, as well as when using traditional telephony services, either through landline phones or mobiles. It is important that users of the technology should be both informed of fraud, as well as protected from frauds through fraud detection and prevention systems. In this paper, we present the anatomy of frauds for different consumer-facing technologies from three broad perspectives — we discuss Internet, mobile and traditional telecommunication, from the perspectives of losses through frauds over the technology, fraud attack mechanisms and systems used for detecting and preventing frauds. The paper also provides recommendations for securing emerging technologies from fraud and attacks.

Impact of Over-the-Top (OTT) Services on the Telecom Companies in the Era of Transformative Marketing

Due to digitalization today, we are more connected than ever before in human history. Access to the Internet has increased from 16 million in 1995 to 4157 million users by the end of December 2017. The industry which helped humanity connected and made the world a global village is the telecommunication industry. However, today the telecom companies are facing revenue losses; for instance, revenue of value-added services of telecom companies in Pakistan has reduced from Rs 5861 million in 2012 to 236 million by the end of 2017. Similarly, because of WhatsApp, Skype and Messenger usage, the long-distance call and SMS revenue of telecom companies in Pakistan have reduced from Rs 47,969 million in 2008 to 19,555 million at the end of 2017. With the empirical evidence from Pakistan and the literature from all over the world, this overview research paper summarizes the issues of the telecom sector and suggests a way forward to help the telecom companies to come out of this situation. For review paper, official telecom regulatory reports and GSMA reports have been referred. This study concluded that, on the one hand, telecom company’s revenue is decreasing and, on the other hand, it is bringing enormous opportunities to the companies. Telecom companies can get the benefit of changing customer preferences’ by understanding customers’ requirements, producing and selling Internet and digital value-added products and services in parallel with traditional telephony services

SOS-chat - krisetjeneste over internett

Autumn 2010, Kirkens SOS opened an anonymous chat service, in addition to the existing telephone and email services. During 2014, we answered about 7000 chats. The number of conversations received increased steadily from the start, despite the fact that Kirkens SOS-chat have not been a publicly promoted service. The majority of the chatters were girls between 13-19 years. They tell of high emotional pain in their lives, and they express the experience of being able to tell their story for the first time. A recurrent theme in the conversations is the person’s shame and great lack of self-love. Suicide (57%) is also a major theme and concern in these conversations, of which 17% are reported by our chat-staff as severe or acute suicide inquiries. The article give a brief introduction to Kirkens SOS’ experiences with conducting SOS chat, the difference between chat and telephone conversations, method, training, severe topics, who the users of our service are and the road ahead. One lesson we learned from conducting the service, is that chat service is time- and resource intensive. With that said; we now reach, with the chat-service, a potentially suicidal near group of adolescents, that we might not be able to reach through our traditional telephone service, which we have not been able to reach before. In the future, our goal is set to reach boys and men through our chat service.

Classification of switching intentions toward internet telephony services: a quantitative analysis

Recent years have witnessed the growing popularity of Internet telephony services (ITSs) in the telecommunications industry. However, most studies of ITSs have focused on technological trends, institutional policies, or advances in related technologies. Although there has been a sharp increase in demand for ITSs, which are increasingly likely to replace existing telephone services, few studies have provided a quantitative analysis of ITSs. This study develops some classification models for predicting consumers' intentions to switch from traditional telephone services to ITSs by adopting data mining methods to analyze switching intentions and using discriminant analysis, logistic regression, classification tree, and neural network techniques to develop the classification models. This study compares these models to identify the superior one, and using the chosen model, the study suggests some customer relationship management strategies that can best address the transition from traditional telephone services to ITSs. The classification model has important practical implications for managers in the telecommunications industry.

Broadband expectations and the convergence of ranks

Broadband Internet service to widely held to be a significant contributor to economic development and global competitiveness, and comparison of adoption rates across countries are common. This paper presents evidence that the relative broadband Internet adoption ranks across the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (“OECD”) countries are converging to the wireline telephone adoption ranks in the mid 1990s. This was a time when wireline telephone service had reached maturity, but before consumers began to abandon traditional telephone services for mobile services and Internet telephone technologies. As such, in the absence of better data on household adoption, wireline telephone rank is a useful proxy for a country's ultimate fixed-line broadband penetration rank. Having such an educated guess available regarding broadband rank should reduce the amount of anxiety over rankings, since similar rankings across the two services implies suitable broadband performance. Large departures, alternately, may be a cause for concern or delight. Like prior analyses, the findings suggest that the adoption of communications services is largely an economic and demographic issue.

Telecommunication Media Choice Behavior in Academia: An Austrian-Swiss Comparison

A general framework to analyze communication media choice behavior in the university setting is proposed which integrates a stated preference experimental design procedure into a discrete choice modeling framework. The framework is empirically tested using hypothetical choice experiments in which traditional mail, courier mail, telephone, facsimile, and electronic mail services were choice options to carry out information communication tasks. For this purpose face-to-face interviews were conducted in six universities in Austria and Switzerland. The choice modeling approach developed emphasizes the influence of communication context specific characteristics, individual and organizational characteristics of the communication initiator as well as the individual's perceptions and feelings about the communication media on the formation of preferences. Empirical results are presented using stated preference models of communication media choice behavior for a series of communication situations. Specific emphasis is laid on cross-national differences in choice behavior.

Children’s experiences with chat support and telephone support

In line with the wider trend of offering support via the Internet, many counseling and referral services for children have introduced online chat, often in addition to a traditional telephone service. A comparative study was conducted between the telephone service and the confidential one-on-one online chat service of the Dutch Kindertelefoon. The design included a concise pretest and a posttest (n = 902). The study also comprised a follow-up test (n = 213), which included the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Children experienced a higher sense of well-being and a reduced severity of their problems after consulting the Kindertelefoon. The results were slightly more favorable for the chat service than for the telephone service. The follow-up survey showed that many of the children who contact the Kindertelefoon suffer from relatively severe emotional problems. Both the telephone and the web-based support improved the children's well-being and decreased their perceived burden of problem. The results of this study underline the need for closer cooperation between child helplines and mental health and child welfare services.

REPLACING TRADITIONAL TELEPHONY WITH VOIP

Voice-over-Internet protocol (VoIP) is an emerging technology that is beginning to replace traditional telephone services because it is much more cost effective for the consumer and businesses. Long distance charges are relatively a thing of the past, and in general there are more feature-rich services available over a VoIP line than traditional phone services. VoIP provides phone services without utilizing the expensive infrastructure of the traditional telephone company. VoIP is an enhancement to our traditional ways of communicating via the telephone; users can combine voice and video in a single call, share data, and accomplish many other tasks that are impossible over traditional phone lines. Businesses can utilize Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) over VoIP to eliminate the need for large PTSN trunk lines and wasted space. VoIP is the future and its features will eventually far exceed traditional landline phone services. But with any new technology there are also disadvantages in utilizing leading edge services such as VoIP. Some disadvantages include dropped calls, poor voice quality, or even cost a business more than traditional systems in regards to outages and lost production time. If the Internet connection goes down, so does your phone access. Access to 911 emergency services may not function correctly at critical times.

Voice over Internet protocol for the orthodontic practice: A sensible switch from plain old telephone service

Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) is a revolutionary new technology that is causing a stir in the telecommunications industry and threatening the existence of traditional telephone service providers. Based on a simple method of converting analog audio signals into digital data before being transmitted over the Internet, VoIP has gained immense popularity among consumers. The technology is now regarded as an alternative to traditional telephone service for the orthodontic office. When the economics are considered, it is cost-effective, especially for a busy orthodontic practice where the call volumes both in and out are always high. VoIP has the potential to reduce costs, break the barriers between local vs long-distance calling, and make life easier for the office staff. However, deploying VoIP requires a cautious and thought-out process. Users should fully understand the risks and benefits before switching from the public switched telephone network. VoIP customers and service providers are vulnerable to many of the same impersonation-based attacks by those who attempt toll fraud, and identity and information theft. In this article, VoIP is introduced to orthodontic practitioners, who might be unfamiliar with this technology. Internet protocol based private branch exchange systems that are currently marketed as open-source technologies are also reviewed. Additionally, VoIP is compared with the traditional public switched telephone network technology and evaluated for its potential applications in an orthodontic office for both increased efficiency and cost savings.

Federalism and the Telephone: The Case for Preemptive Federal Deregulation in the New World of Intermodal Competition

The Constitution's Commerce Clause was written to rescue commerce from the embarrassing and destructive consequences of parochial regulation by multiple States. The authors - whose litigation practice and government experience involves the principles of federalism - believe that the 18th century insights of the Constitution's Framers have much to offer contemporary telecom policymakers. Interstate commerce must be federally regulated, and the most natural subjects for exclusive federal regulation are network industries - trucking, railroads, airlines - whose operations and markets span multiple state borders. Congress has recognized this by preempting inefficient state-by-state regulation when an industry's network became interstate in nature, and then deregulating the industry entirely when its network had matured to the point where the forces of competition could be relied upon to operate freely. This same regulatory (and ultimately deregulatory) model has been applied with stunning success to major segments of telecommunications, including cellular phones, long-distance service, and broadband Internet access. Traditional wireline telephone service, however, remains hobbled by the vestiges of state-by-state regulation. There is little, if anything, about today's wireline telephone networks that is truly local and that could therefore justify the inertial perpetuation of state-by-state regulation. The computer servers, databases and switches that make up wireline telephone networks are located thousands of miles from the millions of callers they serve. More importantly, the major telecommunications media - wireline, wireless and cable - now compete against each other in a rapidly converging, unitary market for voice, data and video entertainment services. When the Telecommunications Act of 1996 opened up local wireline telephony to competition but perpetuated state-by-state regulatory supervision, neither cellular telephones nor cable telephony nor the Internet constituted genuine competition for traditional local telephone service. That is no longer the case. Preemptive federal deregulation has allowed wireless and broadband to attract the investment and innovation that have fueled explosive growth, and this profound shift in the competitive structure of the telecommunications industry warrants similar federal deregulation of local wireline phone companies. Dramatic changes in network technology and intermodal competition have made state-by-state regulation an inefficiency that our national economy can no longer afford to indulge.

IMS service-based bearer control

With the blurring of the lines between traditional telephony services and the growing number of Internet Protocol (IP)-based services available to customers of voice- and data-service providers, there is a growing need to provide a vertical interface between the service/session layer (where the service intelligence exists) and the transport layer (which provides the bearer path for service data traffic). The communication between the service/session layer and the bearer plane is referred to in standards organizations and in this paper as service-based bearer control (SBBC). The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Focus Group on Next Generation Networks, and other standards organizations are discussing interfaces to provide SBBC functionality. This paper addresses the requirements of the SBBC interfaces and provides information about the capabilities they provide, but it does not reflect any particular set of standards, because the standards in this area are still very much under development. Rather, it presents various issues that are being discussed and that will influence the standards that are ultimately agreed upon.

The Demand for International Message Telephone Services: A Two-Stage Budgeting Model

This paper examines demand for international telephone services. Using panel data covering 57 routes over 6 years, a model featuring a two-stage budgeting process and product differentiation is implemented for empirical estimation. A range of economic, social, cultural and technological variables are included in the aggregate-level model to study overall demand. The unique and rich data offers an opportunity to examine the impact of new technology innovations such as Internet on traditional telephone services. The company-level model incorporates product differentiation and uses the Almost Ideal Demand System to simultaneously estimate demands for and competition between carriers.

Traffic Analysis in the Intelligent Network

The fundamental aspect of the intelligent network (IN) is the ability to support the creation of services for the end customer in a rapid manner. Traditional telephone services are not growing much, and to survive in the marketplace, many services providers are looking for new services that will meet the customers’ needs and bring in revenue. The advanced IN network provides the multimedia communications include the videophone, video teleconferencing and remote access to multimedia databases. The IN network basic call model is done. This model describes the operations that the service switching point (SSP) and service control point (SCP) executes. The two type data packets of each call arrive according to a Poisson process with rates λ1, λ2 and are served by two separate channels with exponentially distributed transmission time. Using the Markov chains exact analytical queueing model was created for IN network call service process. The Markov chains state transition diagram is taken. A careful IN network performance analysis effort is taken by accurate analytical model. IN network queueing performance measures such as mean queue lengths, the mean waiting times, call loss probabilities in finite buffers system is taken. An exact system analytic model is very complicated when the buffer sizes in SSP and SCP are large, because Markov chains has a large number of states and more general study of system may be achieved via simulation. Ill. 6, bibl. 14 (in English; summaries in Lithuanian, English and Russian).

On overlapping resource management and call setup signaling: a new signaling approach for internet multimedia applications

Interactive multimedia applications combine requirements of traditional telephony services and Internet applications. This requires call setup, call signaling, negotiation, routing, and network resources. However, in dynamic network environments resources are not protected unless the applications reserve them for the multimedia session. To provide quality of service (QoS) control, the subject of the interaction of call signaling and resource management have addressed resource reservation during the call setup phase. Usually, the rule is to use the traditional telephony-style call setup model (i.e. users are only alerted after all resources have been successfully reserved for the call). In the Internet, however, this may incur in long call setup delays and a high call blocking rate (‘no QoS/no call’). In order to provide users with a practical and fast way to reserve resources during session setup, we investigate a different call setup model than that of traditional telephony. Our model allows users to be alerted while the resource reservation takes place, thus, taking advantage of parallel user answering delays and reservation delays. For this to occur efficiently, we use existing elements of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to provide means for independent call setup and resource management transactions and flow negotiation. Based on experimental comparisons obtained in a multimedia call, we demonstrate that the proposed approach reduces the impact of the reservation delays, with maximum call setup delay improvements when we have approximate values of reservation and answering delays.

VoIP development in China

Several factors have spurred the explosive growth of VoIP phone use in China, including customer incentives such as improved voice quality and lower cost per call, and provider incentives such as higher profits and upgrade paths to next-generation technologies. The voice over Internet protocol, also called IP telephony, offers a new type of service that uses the Internet protocol, intranets, and extranets to deliver voice information. In contrast to traditional telephone services, which operate through a circuit-switched network, VoIP uses a packet-switched network. This distinction results in differences in implementation, quality of service (QoS), and operating costs. Since the service was introduced to the public in China in April 1999, VoIP toll telephone traffic has increased with astonishing speed. By the end of 2002, VoIP toll telephone traffic had surpassed traditional toll telephone traffic in China in both domestic longdistance and international call areas, including phone calls to and from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan.

Competition in Broadband Provision and its Implications for Regulatory Policy

This report examines mass-market broadband access and take-up, analyzing the current and prospective level of competition and drawing implications for public policy. report was commissioned by Brussels Round Table, a forum for leading European telecommunication operators and equipment manufacturers, including Alcatel, BT, Deutsche Telekom, Ericsson, France Telecom, Siemens, Telefonica de Espana, and Telecom Italia.A distinction is drawn between 'facilities-based competition', where providers are using all (or some of) their own infrastructure, and 'access-based competition', where providers depend on access to someone else's network. Amongst EU Member States, there is a general consensus that infrastructure-based competition is desirable in telecommunications and has an important role in delivering innovations such as broadband. However, public statements from national regulatory authorities (NRAs) about the benefits of infrastructure competition have not always been matched by coherent regulatory policy designed to facilitate such competition. Broadband is a new service. Typically, new services are not subject to specific regulation, owing to the risk that this would discourage investment and stifle innovation. However, from its inception, the development of broadband access has been influenced by intervention from policy makers and regulators. This intervention includes local and national government initiatives to promote broadband, and ex-ante obligations on incumbent telecom operators to provide access to their networks.While broadband penetration is widely portrayed as being disappointingly slow, penetration is actually quite fast relative to the adoption of comparable technologies - thus questioning the claim's use as a justification for public policy intervention. Given the prevalence of intervention to date, an equally valid response is to question the effectiveness of existing regulation. Both new entrants and incumbent operators are rational agents who inevitably respond to regulatory incentives; if broadband deployment in the EU has been too slow, regulatory policy is a key area where one should look for an explanation. current approach of NRAs to broadband is heavily influenced by the existing regulatory framework for traditional telephony services, with its emphasis on access to the local loop. appropriateness of this approach may be questioned, given that broadband is a new service that requires new infrastructure build (even if existing networks are used) and that it can and is delivered over many different types of platforms, including cable, satellite, fixed wireless and mobile.Against this background, this report has a number of objectives: to highlight the extent to which there is currently competition between platforms in the provision of broadband access; to explore the potential for growth in platform competition (subject to a supportive policy environment) and likely market dynamics; to assess the relative effectiveness of platform competition and access-based entry in delivering benefits for customers and reducing the need for regulation; to assess the impact of public policy on incentives to invest in infrastructure and so on the future development of platform competition; and to develop conclusions about the appropriate public policy towards broadband.The report's authors are Dan Maldoom and Richard Marsden of DotEcon, and Gregory Sidak and Hal Singer of Criterion Economics. report was presented in Brussels on October 15, 2003 to the BRT conference The Future of the European Telecommunications Industry, attended by member company CEOs, members of the European Parliament, Commissioner Erkki Liikanen, and other regulators from the European Commission.

What It Was Like, What Happened, and What It's Like Now: Developments in Telecommunications Over Recent Decades

A survey of telecommunications over past decades. Overall prices of services have declined less rapidly since deregulation, with local rates rising, long-distance rates falling. Productivity increased strongly during period of Bell System regulated monopoly. Service quality of traditional telephone services has fallen, but many new services have been added. Innovations in customer premise equipment since deregulation far exceed those in prior years. Many major network innovations occurred during years of Bell System monopoly and network innovations have continued since. Actions by the Federal Communications Commission actions anteceded government antitrust case and are responsible for most of the changes since 1978. Most of the beneficial changes have little, if anything, to do with antitrust case and divestiture.

Programming Internet telephony services

Internet telephony enables a wealth of new service possibilities. Traditional telephony services such as call forwarding, transfer, and 800 number services, can be enhanced by interaction with e-mail, Web, and directory services. Additional media types, like video and interactive chat, can be added as well. One of the challenges in providing these services is how to effectively program them. Programming these services requires decisions regarding where the code executes, how it interfaces with the protocols that deliver the services, and what level of control the code has. In this article we consider this problem in detail. We develop requirements for programming Internet telephony services, and we show that at least two solutions are required-one geared for service creation by trusted users (such as administrators), and one geared for service creation by untrusted users (such as consumers). We review existing techniques for service programmability in the Internet and in the telephone network, and extract the best components of both. The result is a common gateway interface that allows trusted users to develop services, and the call processing language that allows untrusted users to develop services.