Traditional Supply Chain Research Articles

Conceptual framework of green supply chain management strategy selection in the Indonesian construction industry

The construction industry is one of the industries that have high environmental risks. The construction supply chain process is the main concern due to environmental damage. The lack of green practices implementation in the Indonesian construction industry causes energy consumption and gas emissions to continue to raise every year which will negatively impact the environment. Green supply chain management (GSCM) is a concept that integrates the environmental aspect of traditional supply chain processes and can provide benefits not only on environmental performance but also on economic and organizational performance. This study aims to identify relevant GSCM practices to implement in the Indonesian construction industry and develop a conceptual framework based on ANP for green supply chain management strategy selection. This study uses the Delphi method and ANP which involves professionals and practitioners in construction. The findings show there are seven green design practices, seven green purchasing practices, nine green construction practices, four internal environmental management practices, and two green operation and maintenance practices that are relevant in the Indonesian construction industry, and also a conceptual framework for strategy selection of green supply chain management in construction.

Green Supply Chain Practices: Toward A Sustainable Industry Development

As environmental consciousness is growing, organizations are required to implement environmental-friendly practices, and to develop sustainable strategies not just for the health of the environment but also for sustaining the industry for the future. Today consumers value organizations that go green and are willing to pay a price premium for sustainable goods. Then, it is an incumbent need for the industry to integrate sustain ability concepts into its traditional supply chain management. The industry is a driving force behind sustainable development, where industry 4.0 is set to be a critical enabler. Nevertheless, to foster sustainable development of the industry, there is a need for applying uniform standards in environmental management to reduce the consumption of renewable resources and develop productive ways of reusing and recycling the used/waste resources. This paper, theoretical by nature, explores the impact of Green Supply Chain Practices (GSCP) on accelerating industry-related targets of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9 on building resilient infrastructure, promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and fostering innovation. Based on the literature review, conceptual interlinkages between the targets of SDG 9 and those SDGs that address issues of social, economic, and environmental goals, are studied in the context of GSCP. This work provides an understanding of the impact of green practices on the achievement of the SDGs.

ІННОВАЦІЇ В СФЕРІ ЛОГІСТИЧНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ

The article conducts a study of innovative processes that are currently being implemented in the sphere of modern logistics business. It is stated that in modern conditions the importance of logistics management is acquiring special significance. One of the key requirements in the logistics market today is the integration of logistics processes and their interaction with all enterprise departments. It has been established that the latest technologies are being actively introduced into the logistics sector – the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, blockchain, digitalisation, automation, etc. These innovations can have a significant impact on the efficiency and flexibility of logistics management in the economic activities of an enterprise. To solve this problem, it is necessary to improve the logistics management system. It is indicated that the transition from the traditional supply chain to networked logistics supplies activates the space for economic growth, optimises operations and improves service while reducing costs and working capital. It is noted that the digitalisation of entrepreneurial activity in the field of e-commerce obliges to take a fresh look at logistics as a tool for managing the supply chain in order to create new efficient work processes and determine the focus of changes that should take place in them. Digital supply chain management includes automation processes, the use of data analytics, management of electronic ordering systems and cargo tracking, etc. It is specified that innovations in the sphere of logistics management should concern not only the logistics chain, but also be implemented in the financial and operational areas of the enterprise. The main forms of innovation activity in the logistics management system are identified. A scheme for implementing innovations in the field of logistics management has been developed. A basic model of a digital supply chain management system is established. It is summarised that introduction of innovative forms of management into the system of logistics activities contributes to increase of efficiency of enterprise and forms an effective economic environment.

Application of Internet of Things (IoT) in Sustainable Supply Chain Management

The traditional supply chain system included smart objects to enhance intelligence, automation capabilities, and intelligent decision-making. Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are providing unprecedented opportunities to enhance efficiency and reduce the cost of the existing system of the supply chain. This article aims to study the prevailing supply chain system and explore the benefits obtained after smart objects and embedded networks of IoT are implanted. Short-range communication technologies, radio frequency identification (RFID), middleware, and cloud computing are extensively comprehended to conceptualize the smart supply chain management system. Moreover, manufacturers are achieving maximum benefits in terms of safety, cost, intelligent management of inventory, and decision-making. This study also offers concepts of smart carriage, loading/unloading, transportation, warehousing, and packaging for the secure distribution of products. Furthermore, the tracking of customers to convince them to make more purchases and the modification of shops with the assistance of the Internet of Things are thoroughly idealized.

한국자동차산업 공급네트워크의 진화

Most studies on the supply network structure have focused on revealing the “stationary’ network structure based on cross-sectional data. However, when the supply network is defined as a complex adaptive system that is a dynamic process, it is particularly important to explore its structure and evolution. Therefore, this study empirically analyzed how and through which micro-mechanisms the traditional vertical structure of the Korean automotive industry supply network is evolving into a horizontal structure. The results confirmed that new firms were continuously entering the Korean automotive industry supply network, and transaction relationships that were not found in the traditional supply chain structure were increasing. Additionally, among the existing suppliers, high-performing suppliers continued to form new transaction relationships while maintaining existing relationships. The significance of this study is as follows. SAOM was applied to the supply network of the Korean automotive industry for the first time, and the existing vertical and linear relationship studies were expanded from a network perspective. Furthermore, unlike the existing supply network-related studies, which were limited to an analysis at a specific point in time, the dynamic evolution of the supply network was identified.

An innovative blockchain-based supply chain model in the context of food security

The problem of food security has rapidly escalated due to numerous food adulterations and rising prices of socially important foods, as well as the general growth of the supply chain network in recent years, thereby increasing levels of food waste. Since the recent evolution of the technology, blockchain promises a high potential ability to guarantee and track the originality of products, also effectively managing the supply chain. Moreover, blockchain has been recognized as one of the eight major technologies that can change our lives if used in the right direction for the benefit of society and countries' economies. In Kazakhstan, there is a lack of infrastructure to support food supply, as well as a number of issues regarding increased control over prices by the government. The purpose of this study is to identify the benefits of blockchain, which facilitates the effective management of the food supply chain, the ability to meet the needs of all stakeholders, and a comparison with the traditional supply chain system. The article uses factor analysis, taking into account economic, political, social, technological interests, through which the existing problems at the moment are uncovered. The results show that the application of blockchain in the food supply chain leads to positive demand from the government, producers and end consumers. The value of the work lies in the theoretical study, which drew on the experience of recent research around the world, adaptation in Kazakhstan and the possibility of application in the context of food security. This work contains many touched upon economic aspects and can serve as a basis for further research.

Blockchain-Augmented Digital Supply Chain Management: A Way to Sustainable Business

The objective of this article is to assist the reader in understanding the journey from traditional Supply Chain Management to Digital Supply Chain Management. It aims to augment the concept of Digital Supply Chain Management with blockchain technology and create an extensive literature review to assist in formulating the gaps and discovering the variables that contribute towards the efficiency of a Blockchain-Based Digital Supply Chain. Moreover, this article aims to validate the impact of specified parameters resulting in customer retention and market leadership for an organization. Digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, blockchain, etc., are disrupting the traditional ways of doing business and creating value propositions for customers. Supply Chain Management is a key business process for an organization that helps them compete in the market. Organizations have seized competition not as individual brands but as supply chains. Digital Supply Chain Management is the implementation of digital technologies to capture customer data at every interaction to create customer engagement strategies. This article provides an empirical analysis of parameters influencing a Blockchain-Augmented Digital Supply Chain resulting in customer retention and market leadership and shows how, through a Blockchain-Based Digital Supply Chain, the business objective of being a customer-centric organization is assisted with the customer data generated at each interaction that is enabled.

Institutional Reforms and Spatial Efficiency in Agricultural Supply Chains in India

This paper reviews the institutional reforms in agricultural commodity markets in India and examines their implications for spatial efficiency in supply chains of the markets. In order to remove inefficiencies in the traditional supply chain, the Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) Act was revised, and a Model APMC Act 2003 was introduced with the provisions for establishing private markets/yards, direct purchase centres, farmers markets for direct sale, contract farming and promotion of public–private partnership in the management and development of agricultural markets. Initiative has been taken to set up a National Agricultural Market as an all-India electronic trading portal to develop a ‘common national market’ for agricultural commodities. The institutional reforms in agricultural marketing system since the early 1990s appear to have contributed towards improving the spatial efficiency in rice and wheat markets. The finding of an increase in the extent of spatial integration of markets after the reforms and the tendency of the prices to move towards a common stochastic trend lend support to the idea of setting up a ‘common national market’ for agricultural commodities. Further reforms in the marketing system with better infrastructure facilities would strengthen market integration and improve efficiency in the supply chains. JEL classification: O13, Q13, Q18.

How to Carry Out Digital Intelligent Transformation of Enterprise Supply Chain: Case from Huawei

With the proposal of “smart manufacturing” and “supply-side structural reform”, the core of enterprise competition has gradually transitioned from products to supply chain competition. More and more enterprises realize that the dynamic mesh supply chain with digitalization + intelligence as the core replaces the traditional linear supply chain and becomes a more appropriate party with the market. With Huawei as the primary research object, this paper explores the basic methods of digital and intelligent supply chain transformation from the six aspects of production planning, digital sales, building logistics parks, process learning, order signing, and supply chain collaboration, clarifies the advantages of digital and intelligent supply chain data analysis and information transmission, and expects to form a systematic method that can be referenced.

Demonstration of Supply Chain Management in Big Data Analysis from Walmart, Toyota, and Amazon

With the advent of the era of big data, social production and lifestyle have undergone tremendous changes. The traditional supply chain management system has high storage costs and poor timeliness. In contrast, the application of big data technology in the supply chain management system will provide customers with more personalized services, so that the supply chain can achieve lean production and lean management, and the supply and demand response is more rapid. This thesis gives examples of three different companies to analyze the big data technology that they are using, which are Walmart, Toyota, and Amazon. After a series of comparative processing, it can be found that big data technology promotes production efficiency and plays an increasingly important role in the process of enterprise management. Although in the early stage of big data technology, enterprises will experience many unknown difficulties, such as loss of confidence, and the tools for processing data are not efficient enough. However, by using the data center constructed by big data technology, it can better explore the hidden value of various data and provide a stable and efficient platform for enterprise development. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of implementation of bigdata analysis into supply chain management.

Channel structure and evolutionary stability analysis between traditional and green service supply chains

This paper aims to explore the optimal pricing and green service decisions and discuss the evolutionary stability strategy (ESS) of vertical channel structure strategic interaction between the traditional and green service supply chains (TSSC and GSSC). Considering these two supply chains could choose between the centralized (C) and decentralized (D) channel structures, current research establishes four channel models, namely, Models DD, DC, CD and CC, wherein Model DD(CC) means that both supply chains adopt channel D(C) and Model DC(CD) refers to GSSC adopting channel D(C) while TSSC using channel C(D). Furthermore, an evolutionary game is developed to explore the ESSs of the dynamic competitive system. The research results show that the stronger the integration between upstream and downstream firms of GSSC is, the higher green service the supply chain would provide when TSSC adopts channel D. Besides, when the market competition is sufficiently low, only point (0,0) is the ESS; when it is moderate, there exist two ESSs, i.e., ESS (0,0) and ESS (1,1); when it is extremely high, only point (1,1) is the ESS. The numerical examples show that the green service level increases in market competition while some retailing and wholesale prices under specific models would not be affected by it or show an inverted U shape, and the initial states of two supply chains’ channel strategies significantly impact the system’s ESSs.

Pandemic, War, Natural Calamities, and Sustainability: Industry 4.0 Technologies to Overcome Traditional and Contemporary Supply Chain Challenges

Background: The supply chain ecosystem is becoming fragile and difficult to manage due to the complexities in its interlinked functions such as planning, procurement, production, logistics, distribution, and sales. Recently, organizations have started embarking on “Industry 4.0 technologies”, a name used to denote transformative modern-day technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, automation and robotics, Internet of Things, Big Data Analytics, Blockchain, and so on to make faster decisions, optimize current practices, provide end-to-end transparency, increased collaboration, and superior warehouse management, which can collectively make it an “Intelligent supply chain”. However, a comprehensive understanding of the subject is required to understand the benefits and challenges of adopting them. Methods: Hence, the article aims to systematically review the literature to identify various challenges associated with supply chain management and provide an overview of the role of Industry 4.0 technologies in addressing them. In addition to traditional complexities, the uncertainties arising from contemporary challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, war, natural calamities, and difficulties businesses face in developing and adopting sustainable business practices. Results and Conclusions: The study shows that although it is hard to predict the level of disruptions during any global events, it is possible to be prepared through Industry 4.0 technologies that can give agility, transparency, and resilience to the supply chain.

Making drug supply chain secure traceable and efficient: a Blockchain and smart contract based implementation.

The healthcare supply chain involves obtaining resources, managing supplies, and delivering goods and services to patients across multiple teams, stakeholders, and geographical boundaries. With such a complex structure, the healthcare supply chain is vulnerable to fraud, inaccurate data, and lack of transparency. These misdeeds cost businesses money and harm health. To address these issues, the health care supply chain needs an end-to-end decentralized track-and-trace system. Most centralized systems risk drug and data safety. This paper presents an Ethereum blockchain-based solution for a health care supply chain track-and-trace mechanism that uses smart contracts and data immutability. Hash functions store data in a public distributed ledger. This protects and discloses data. Smart contracts automate agreement execution so all parties know the outcome instantly, without an intermediary or time loss. It also outlined decentralized healthcare supply chain application architecture and algorithms. This paper proposes a system to address the lack of transparency and tracking in traditional supply chains. The blockchain-based method proposed in this paper runs on Solidity smart contracts. The system's algorithms and methods are tested against a variety of inputs, and the results are presented as an average gas cost for specific functionality. The proposed system tracks goods' histories (medicine). The average gas cost for all accounts is 18,027.2. Overall, log gas costs 48,118.6 to buy medicine, gas costs 229,607.5, and to log out 14,275.The results of the proposed system are compared to state-of-the-art methods. Thus, the presented work allows a seamless flow of medicines via blockchain and smart contracts without intermediaries. Finally, it addresses building a secure pharma supply chain application for blockchain 4.0.

Risk Analysis of Green Supply Chain Using a Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision Model: Evidence from Laptop Manufacturer Industry

Green supply chain management has become enormously significant over the last two decades. Traditional supply chain risk management is inept at dealing with the intangible criteria related to environmental issues. Contrary to most of the previous research, which emphasized risks in merely one or two phases of the green supply chain, this study provides a systematic checklist of the cradle-to-grave approach to risk identification and prioritization using a hybrid method. Based on a world-leading Taiwanese laptop manufacturer, we first identified the risk factors of the green supply chain with respect to the components and subcomponents of Risk Priority Numbers (RPN) on the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Second, we used the Analytic Network Process (ANP) to derive the relative weights of the subcomponents of RPN. Third, we combined grey relational analysis and ANP weights to derive the relative importance of each risk criterion in each risk factor in the green supply chain. The empirical results verified that our proposed method can be applied to the laptop manufacturing industry and found industry-specific green risk criteria in each factor. Therefore, following this, enterprises can control the possible risks for continuous improvement in their green activities.

The Impact of Additive Manufacturing on Supply Chain Management from a System Dynamics Model—Scenario: Traditional, Centralized, and Distributed Supply Chain

In order to describe the impact that the appropriation of additive manufacturing (AM) has on the supply chain (SC), a validated system dynamics model representing vectorially multiple products and multiple demands in different periods was used as a basis to apply to a case study of medical implant manufacturing, configuring three chain scenarios: 1. traditional supply chain with subtractive manufacturing, 2. centralized supply chain with additive manufacturing, and 3. decentralized supply chain with additive manufacturing. It was possible to notice that the production time is longer in additive manufacturing compared to traditional manufacturing and the cycle time and total demand closure were lower in traditional manufacturing. In addition, it was observed that the AM performance is significantly better in conditions of lower demand, which can be attributed to the characteristics of customization and small batches that this type of production approach implies.

Impact of sustainable supply chain management on cost performance: empirical evidence from manufacturing companies of Bangladesh

PurposeThe aim of the study has been performed to investigate the relationship between sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices and the cost performance of manufacturing firms in Bangladesh. Moreover, this paper highlights the key environment-friendly approaches and their association with financial performance in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThe paper empirically assesses sustainable supply chain performance using four major supply chain practices, including sustainable procurement, sustainable production, sustainable distribution and investment recovery, and compares it with the cost performance. Twenty-four variables were identified through different literature and distributed as a structured questionnaire among the managers appointed in different manufacturing firms in Bangladesh. An empirical study was conducted using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to examine the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe results find a positive relationship in two variables of sustainable supply chain practices, including sustainable procurement and investment recovery, while sustainable distribution negatively impacted cost performance. In addition, sustainable production found no effect on cost performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper emphasizes the financial perspective of a sustainable supply chain without explicit consideration of sustainability's environmental and social dimensions.Practical implicationsThis study has implications for the literature on the SSCM approaches of manufacturing firms in the least developed economies. In addition, this study could work as a guideline for some manufacturing industries that prefer a policy or standard to alter their traditional supply chain management system to a sustainable supply chain.Originality/valueThe paper provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating the coordinated effect of SSCM practices on cost performance where variables of four specific activities of SSCM and cost performance are adopted from different studies. Further studies could be initiated, including some other eco-friendly supply chain variables, and the effect could be evaluated from an environmental perspective.

How does the retailing industry decide the best replenishment strategy by utilizing technological support through blockchain?

Practitioners face two significant issues: product inaccuracy and transparency in supply chain management. Blockchain is a highly secure and trustworthy means of storing data. Radio frequency identification incorporation is essential if reliability is at a low level. Incorporating radio frequency identification can improve supply chain management in terms of product's visibility for the best replenishment strategy. A production and replenishment coordination via mathematical modeling is visualized through a three-echelon supply chain with a non-reliable production process, and the retailer deals with misplacement issues. The manufacturer handles the inventory flowing reversely and is responsible for proper end-of-life treatment, either repairing or remanufacturing. Repairs are sold in bulk on the secondary market, and remanufactured items are used to prevent retailers' shortages. In this model, radio frequency identification technology on the physical surface is combined with a blockchain on the cyber surface, containing all the information about the product, including its location and attributes. A comparative study is provided for the traditional supply chain with misplacement versus a blockchain-based supply chain with radio frequency identification. An analytical approach is used to arrive at the optimum policy for the practitioners, and numerical analysis illustrates the problem. Numerical experiments indicate that the technology is highly profitable for supply chain management. Radio frequency identification technology can increase profit by up to 61%. After discrepancy, holding cost is the second most sensitive parameter for the profit function. If the holding cost is higher, profit can be increased by 40% using radio frequency identification and blockchain. The negative effect of misplacement is reduced with an increasing demand rate, but the reduction rate is very slow. The choice of not adopting radio frequency identification can only be successful if demand is so high that it can reduce the effect of misplacement.

Farmers’ Participation in Modern Supply Chains: The Case of Mandarin Profitability in Punjab-Pakistan

In developing countries, supply chains are rapidly transforming. However, smallholder farmers, in particular, have experienced mixed impacts in inclusion and exclusion from modern supply chains (MSC). Therefore, by taking Pakistan’s mandarin industry as a case, this study aims to analyze the farmers’ efficiency and inclusiveness in modern supply chains and compare them across the farm size categories, i.e., small, medium, and large. For that purpose, cross-sectional data from 300 farmers were collected to test the posit objectives. The empirical investigation was made using the endogenous treatment effect model and the propensity score matching approach. Findings show that large farmers prefer to participate in MSC, driven by contractors, processors or exporters. Conversely, the smallholders are more inclined to participate in the traditional supply chains (TSCs), driven by village vendors, local retailers/consumers, middlemen, and traditional fruit and vegetable markets. The results also revealed a positive connection between efficiency and farmers’ inclusion in the MSC. Orchard size, education, off-farm income, and extension services positively impact profitability. In terms of an increase in farmers’ profitability, the efficiency improvement can benefit the resource-poor smallholders who make up 74% of the total farmers in the sample. Therefore, these results are noteworthy for devising policy actions to facilitate smallholder inclusion in the modern agri-food supply chains to alleviate rural poverty and ensure farmers’ wellbeing.

Customer-Focused Supply Chain Strategy Developing 4 Rs Model in Apparel Industry

In CFSCS the chief achievement is to counter consumer demand in real-time, that act will cut down the cost to experience productivity at an economical scale and give a chance to customers to practice a superior experience. The organizations practicing or implementing a strong CFSCS (customer-focused supply chain strategy) are performing at their excellence in the sales sector, share in the market, productivity, and high level of customer satisfaction. The supply chain mechanism is highly customer focused in CFSCS, Chief elements of the success are highly dependent on the 4Rs model (responsiveness, resiliency, reliability, and realignment) and provide better services at low cost as compared to the traditional supply chain model. The study explores that the 4Rs model in CFSCS is a chief driver for this purpose we develop various frameworks. Our field of proving the CFSCS 4Rs model is in the apparel industry.

Blockchain-Based Formal Model for Food Supply Chain Management System Using VDM-SL

In modern society, the food supply chain management system has become an important research area realized nationally and internationally, which has established a collaborative relationship between producers, manufacturers, processors and retailers. Now, consumers are more interested in food quality, safety and the authentication of the products. Food safety has become an important issue in public health in the food market because people of all types and races around the world are affected due its poor quality. The traditional supply chains are centralized and face different issues such as lack of transparency, accountability and audit ability. The general issues in supply chain management include lack of communication, trust among the stakeholders, and interference of entities and wastage of food. A lot of work has been completed by researchers to address the above issues, but still, there is a need for effective mechanisms for the modeling of supply chain management systems. In this paper, a trusted, self-organized, traceable formal system based on blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) is developed by using wireless sensors networks and finite automata. In the proposed model, smart contracts are designed to assure the automated payment procedures. The proposed model reduced the need for centralized authority. Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used to realize the requirements, and automata is used to capture behavior of the system. A blockchain-based model is used to provides the privacy and security mechanism for the transitions record. Wireless sensors are used to sense the information, and actors are used for decision making in case of any violation in the contact. A lot of work has been completed by researchers on smart contracts. Different smart contracts are designed to achieve the better traceability among producers, transporter/logistics and consumers. Our system provides the smart contract algorithm to show the interaction of entities in the food supply chain management system. Vienna Development Method-Specification Language (VDM-SL) is used to describe the formal system and the VDM-SL toolbox is used for the validation and analysis of the system.