Traditional Style Research Articles

Deep Learning for Multi-Structured Javanese Gamelan Note Generator

Javanese gamelan, a traditional Indonesian musical style, has several song structures called gendhing. Gendhing (songs) are written in conventional notation and require gamelan musicians to recognize patterns in the structure of each song. Usually, previous research on gendhing focuses on artistic and ethnomusicological perspectives, but this study is to explore the correlation between gendhing as traditional music in Indonesia and deep learning technology that replaces the task of gamelan composers. This research proposes CNN-LSTM to generate notation of ricikan struktural instruments as an accompaniment to Javanese gamelan music compositions based on balungan notation, rhythm, song structure, and gatra information. This proposed method (CNN-LSTM) is compared with LSTM and CNN. The musical data in this study is represented using numerical notation for the main melody in balungan notation. The experimental results showed that the CNN-LSTM model showed better performance compared to the LSTM and CNN models, with accuracy values of 91.9%, 91.5%, and 91.2% for CNN-LSTM, LSTM, and CNN, respectively. And the value of note distance for the Sampak song structure is 4 for the CNN-LSTM model, 8 for the LSTM model, and 12 for the CNN model. The smaller the note distance, the closer it is to the original notation provided by the gamelan composer. This study provides relevance for novice gamelan musicians who are interested in learning karawitan, especially in understanding ricikan struktural music notation and gamelan art in composing musical compositions of a song.

Mirroring Mediterraneanization: Pottery production at Archaic Monte Iato, Western Sicily (6th to 5th century BCE)

With a total of 162 samples, one of the most extensive NAA sample series from one single inland settlement in Archaic Sicily is now available to address long debated issues about the impact of the so called ‘Greek Colonization’ on local pottery production. In a previous series, a wide range of wares manufactured on site could be determined, ranging from traditional style incised and stamped vessels via matt painted ceramics of regional style to Greek style pottery. The second series presented here was intended to extend and deepen the results obtained and to investigate the variability of the potter’s responses to new challenges and demands in the course of Monte Iato’s changing indigenous society. These responses were found to present even greater variance than expected before, fitting the overall picture of the site's increasing integration into Mediterranean networks.

The Investigation of Customer Perception of Satisfaction on Brand Loyalty of the Bo Man Qing She Hotel, Xichang, China

Background and Aim: Competitive consumption creates competition in the tourism industry. Improve client satisfaction and repeat business by improving the hotel brand. This paper aims to study the level of customer perception of satisfaction and brand loyalty of the Bo Man Qing She Hotel, Xichang, China, and to study the guideline of customer perception of satisfaction on brand loyalty of the Bo Man Qing She Hotel, Xichang, China. Materials and Methods: This research is a quantitative research method; the total sample size for the research will be 385 customers who used the service of Bo Man Qing She Hotel, Xichang, China. The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data in this study. To present the first research objective, the calculation of the mean and standard deviation was utilized to investigate the customer perception regarding their level of customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Results: The study's findings revealed that each of the variables demonstrated a high level, with a mean score of 3.93 and a standard deviation of 0.50. Hotel managers must nurture customer loyalty by providing high-quality service and a favorable brand image. Attitudinal, emotional, and conative loyalty form attitude, and managers should deliver high-quality service and offer training and awards to motivate staff. Conclusion: Hotel managers must provide high-quality service and a favorable brand image to nurture customer loyalty and create a positive attitude. 5-star hotels should focus on a beautiful environment, warm service, friendly staff, brand loyalty, Chinese-style services, and traditional nationality styles.

Hibridisasi Gaya Arsitektur Bangunan Pemerintahan di Rokan Hilir Masa Bupati Periode 2001-2021

Title: Hybridization of Architectural Styles in Government Buildings in Rokan Hilir during the Regents' Term from 2001-2021
 
 The Architecture of Government buildings in Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia, demonstrates a change in style during the terms of three Regents who served between 2001 and 2021. The architectural style of government buildings initially referred to the Malay architectural style but later shifted orientation to architecture with various dome-shaped roofs. This article explains the changes in the architectural style of government buildings in Rokan Hilir from 2001 to 2021 and maps them genealogically. The research was conducted using a historical method, utilizing primary data from field observations and interviews and secondary data from development project archives and literature. The results of this research provide a genealogy of architectural styles in government office buildings in Rokan Hilir, regarding the Traditional, Modern, Dome, and Neo-Classical styles. Throughout their development, these four references underwent a process of hybridization, resulting in five hybrid styles as follows: Traditional-Neo-Classical Hybrid, Neo-Classical-Dome Hybrid, Traditional-Dome Hybrid, Dome-Modern Hybrid, and Traditional-Neo-Classical-Dome Hybrid.

Parallel lines? The homogeneous and gendered career patterns of senior leaders in policing in England and Wales

ABSTRACT Under-representation of women in policing is a global phenomenon, with considerable commonality in barriers to career success and differential career experiences compared to men. Through a comparative analysis utilising unique survey and interview data with female and male senior police leaders in England and Wales, this paper considers whether cultural and structural barriers persist and how they are experienced by gender; examines the challenges encountered en route to senior rank; and considers how similarities or differences by gender impact upon careers. The findings are considered to have world-wide relevance, demonstrating that those officers achieving seniority tend to share similar career experiences whatever their gender, particularly at the highest ranks. Leadership styles emerge as homogenous with agentic traits and traditional styles persisting. Costs to achieving higher rank appear to differ by gender however, and access to senior rank is revealed as dependent upon engaging in traditional behaviours including a long-hours culture and ensuring family does not reduce work capacity, effectively promoting a ‘child-tax’ upon female policing leaders. It thus appears that a widespread and global tacit acceptance of policing as a male-dominated profession endures, impacting on female advancement compared to men.

Urban Architectural Style Recognition and Dataset Construction Method under Deep Learning of Street View Images: A Case Study of Wuhan

The visual quality and spatial distribution of architectural styles represent a city’s image, influence inhabitants’ living conditions, and may have positive or negative social consequences which are critical to urban sensing and designing. Conventional methods of identifying architectural styles rely on human labor and are frequently time-consuming, inefficient, and subjective in judgment. These issues significantly affect the large-scale management of urban architectural styles. Fortunately, deep learning models have robust feature expression abilities for images and have achieved highly competitive results in object detection in recent years. They provide a new approach to supporting traditional architectural style recognition. Therefore, this paper summarizes 22 architectural styles in a study area which could be used to define and describe urban architectural styles in most Chinese urban areas. Then, this paper introduced a Faster-RCNN general framework of architectural style classification with a VGG-16 backbone network, which is the first machine learning approach to identifying architectural styles in Chinese cities. Finally, this paper introduces an approach to constructing an urban architectural style dataset by mapping the identified architectural style through continuous street view imagery and vector map data from a top-down building contour map. The experimental results show that the architectural style dataset created had a precision of 57.8%, a recall rate of 80.91%, and an F1 score of 0.634. This dataset can, to a certain extent, reflect the geographical distribution characteristics of a wide variety of urban architectural styles. The proposed approach could support urban design to improve a city’s image.

Comparison analysis between the components of vernacular and modern architectures for sustainable housing in Niger State

Modern architecture has its roots in the vernacular type. Globally, every cultural group has its own form of vernacular architecture, though the approach may vary from region to region and also among the individuals. The traditional and modern architectural styles in Minna Niger State, Nigeria are examined in this paper since these styles possess distinct climatic, economic, and socio-cultural practices. A typical vernacular architecture was sited at Tudun Fulani Extension whereas a typical modern architecture was sited at GidanMatasa. The study examined the buildings in terms of physical features, thermal comfort and cost analysis. EnergyPlus, a simulation program, was used in this study to assess and forecast the thermal comfort. To affirm, local construction materials were used to meet the housing demands without harming the environment. The study outcomes found that the traditional housing units outperformed the modern ones by a wide margin. The findings of the study revealed the following features as part of vernacular architecture such as the presence of a courtyard, vegetation, connection to nature and construction using natural materials. On the other hand, the modern architecture does not have any courtyards, inadequate vegetation and isolation from the nature. It is also constructed using the imported building materials, although the modern architecture enables the windows to be of large size. The findings also disclose that the vernacular architecture provides more thermal comfort than the modern architecture since the latter has a heavy heating load density i.e., 9,571 (Watt). This value is 50 percent more than the peak heating load of the traditional architectural structure i.e., 2,109 (Watt). Finally, the study was able to ascertain the high-cost implication of the modern architecture compared to vernacular architecture. Furthermore, the study also proved that the vernacular housing units are much better than the modern ones in terms of thermal comfort, usage of cost-effective and natural materials and the building’s thermal properties. The researcher recommends that the components of both vernacular and modern architecture must be properly integrated for the development of the sustainable homes in Northern Nigeria.

Efficacy Of Blended Learning Technique in Enhancing ESL Students' Linguistic Skills

The present research was conducted to determine the efficacy of blended learning in enhancing ESL students' linguistic skills. The quasi-experimental research design was used, and as a research instrument pretest and posttest questionnaires were used for data collection. The population of the study was the ESL students of a private university in Lahore. Fifty-six students were selected from both genders as a sample to contribute to this research. The participants were divided into controlled and experimental groups; each group was comprised of twenty-eight students. The control group was taught in traditional style whereas the experimental group was taught by using blended learning techniques. The composed data was analyzed by using three techniques pretest, posttest, and independent samples of pretest and posttest. The results showed a significant difference between the scores of the experimental group, which suggests that blended learning is an effective technique in enhancing linguistic skills, thus study proved the efficacy of blended learning techniques.

Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Contemporary Architecture in Context to Sustainable Characteristics and its Construction Techniques: A Case of Kumaon Region

Abstract: This research focuses on the study of traditional architecture of Kumaon, and how it has changed over the period of time. Kumaon region in Uttarakhand shows great examples of traditional architecture which has proven to be the best earthresistant structures. The concept of science and earthquake-resistant structures were beyond the thought process of the people of that time. These traditional structures were cost effective, energy-efficient, provide thermal comfort for the longer period of day. The buildings of that time were locally constructed by the skilled person of the community using conventional materials like stone, mud, timber slates etc. With rapid urbanization, the need for rapid development has increased, transportation has improved, and the need for high rise structures has encouraged the use of modern materials such as concrete. However, society continues to demand better services, faster and easier construction to meet the needs of residents, resulting in serious damage to the fragile environment in and around settlements. To minimize the environmental impact of damage caused by modern technology, the use of indigenous practices needs to be revived. This research comprises of the comparison of traditional architectural style “Koti banal” which is rarely being used in many northern parts of Uttarakhand and current construction technique which is affecting the natural terrain of Kumaon resulting in natural calamities like landslide, soil erosion etc. The vernacular practices and patterns followed in conventional hill settlements have splendid capability to emerge as the premise for brand new improvement and system of suitable constructing policies for hill settlements.

The Investigation of Psychological Motives of Creative Abilities in The Omani Musical Intelligence

The Sultanate of Oman is characterized by a huge and creative musical heritage that remains mostly preserved. One hundred forty-two different traditional musical genres and styles (funun) have been registered in the Sultanate. This study aimed to investigate the Omanis’ musical creative achievements and the psychological motives behind Omani musical creative achievements. The present qualitative study adopted ethnographic research. The two study’s questions were answered in two stages: firstly, by analysis of relevant documents of Omani genres, and secondly stage based on analysis of documentary films and direct observations. The study showed that the Omanis created such musical achievements, including many genres, rhythms, instruments, and ways of performing. Furthermore, research has shown psychological motives that motivated Omani people to create these various genres, such as provocation of enthusiasm, meditation, religious motivations, poetic competition, and emotional motivation. For each motive, musical genres have been presented.

STUDY ON ART AND ARCHITECTURAL PATTERN OF THE SUN TEMPLE OF KONARK IN EASTERN INDIA

The aim of article is to emphasize the arts and architectural features of the Sun temple of Konark in the Puri district of Odisha. This massive Sun temple, constructed in the traditional Kalinga style, is shaped like a chariot of the Sun God, drawn by a group of seven horses and equipped with twelve pairs of exquisitely engraved stone wheels. Because of the temple's stunning eastward slope, the main entrance is first struck by the first light of dawn. An elephant and a man are crushed beneath the two enormous lions guarding the entrance on either side. The outside walls of the temple are covered in carvings of erotica, beasts, monsters, warriors, and animals. The enormous, seventy-meter-tall main sanctum, known as Vimana, collapsed in 1837 as a result of the heavy structure and poor soil. Around the main temple, archaeologists have also uncovered a few other subsidiary temples of the eleventh-century. The Mayadevi temple honors one of the wives of the Sun God, while the other is thought to be devoted to Lord Vishnu. There are a good number of "Mithuna" sculptures at Konark Sun temple. Aside from the entrance, the only remaining buildings today are the "jagamohana" (porch) and "Nata Mandir" (Dancing Hall). The Nata Mandir alludes to the 'Devdasis' tradition, in which dancers resided within the temple complex and dedicated their lives to classical dances such as Bharatnatyam and Odissi. The third point in the state's golden triangle is Konark Sun Temple; the first two points are Jagannath Puri Temple and Bhubaneswar Lingaraj Temple. It was originally constructed on the sea bank by Narasimhadeva-I, but it is now quite a distance from the coast. Just outside the Sun temple is the Nine Planets Temple, also known as the Navagraha Temple. Inside is a massive black slab that has idols of the nine planets carved out of chlorite stones. Originally housed above the main doorway, the slab is currently on display within the Navagraha temple. Out of three structures of Sun temple, the structure of jagamohana is only survived till today, but some portions of the vimana and natamandapa portions have existed to know their designs and plans.

Wu Man, the Pipa and Chinese Tradition in a Contemporary Global Context?

In contrast to the idea that the modernization of playing styles has unleashed the expressive potential of the pipa, this article suggests, through the individual case study of Wu Man, that traditional styles are essential to the numerous successful premieres of pipa concertos globally. It offers the experiences of diasporic pipa player Wu Man as an insider’s viewpoint, arguing that the demonstration and emphasis of traditional pipa playing techniques and styles are important to a successful contemporary performance. This article is the first to disclose Wu Man’s experience in how she applies traditional pipa music to the numerous successful premieres of pipa concertos, framing the pipa concerto as just one example of a much wider trend in the musical worldthat of the commissioning and performance of new music for cross-cultural instrumental groups. There are two essential elements to the upkeep of traditional pipa playing: one lies with the composer’s understanding of pipa music in their newly composed pieces and the other lies with the pipa player’s abilities (their mastery of playing techniques, broader experience in various traditional music genres, creativity, and taking on a leading role in playing). Thus, in this article, I will analyze these elements to reveal how a globally successful pipa musician has interpreted and translated the traditional aspects of pipa music in a global world.

Thermal modelling of a passive style net-zero greenhouse in Alberta: The effect of ground parameters and the solar to air fraction

Agricultural greenhouses can provide a suitable microclimate for crops to thrive under extreme weather conditions. The operations of these greenhouses are expensive due to the energy requirement of the active thermal conditioning systems required to maintain the growing environment for crop production. Engineering of these greenhouses to utilize clean renewable energy sources is critical and necessary to mitigate their carbon footprint, paving the way to a more sustainable agricultural industry. This paper presents numerical modelling of a net-zero passive solar greenhouse in Alberta, Canada with winter temperatures below freezing. The indoor microclimate of the greenhouse is modelled using the detailed radiation model of a transient simulation tool, TRNSYS. The paper investigates the effects of ground parameters and the solar-to-air fraction on the numerical results. The paper includes a cost comparison between crop production in the traditional and passive style greenhouse.

Community circles in the development of A1 – Speaking skills

Students in the A1 classroom are significantly immersed in the everyday performance in a captivated world with the use of technological tools, however, it seems that their routinely way of learning and the traditional teaching styles have put apart the interaction and socialization needed in order to create a good classroom learning environment based on respect, harmony, communication and freedom to express ideas that motivate them to produce skills and sub skills in the target language. Therefore, this study suggests Community Circles as a powerful source of building healthy, supportive, and strong assurance of the language production in the classroom community and it also pretends to show how their use in A1 level provokes a helpful and positive effect in students. Community Circles facilitate teachers a door to enter into the academic, social and emotional needs of their students. The current research is an experimental and explicative process under a deductive method and mixed quasi quantitative - qualitative investigation work which aims to come up with the importance of the use of Community Circles in the ESL classroom. As a result, a set of activities is proposed to rely on the use of Community Circles as a teaching strategy in order to build students’ knowledge.

Combination of Paper and Electronic Trail Making Tests for Automatic Analysis of Cognitive Impairment: Development and Validation Study.

Computer-aided detection, used in the screening and diagnosing of cognitive impairment, provides an objective, valid, and convenient assessment. Particularly, digital sensor technology is a promising detection method. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel Trail Making Test (TMT) using a combination of paper and electronic devices. This study included community-dwelling older adult individuals (n=297), who were classified into (1) cognitively healthy controls (HC; n=100 participants), (2) participants diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n=98 participants), and (3) participants with Alzheimer disease (AD; n=99 participants). An electromagnetic tablet was used to record each participant's hand-drawn stroke. A sheet of A4 paper was placed on top of the tablet to maintain the traditional interaction style for participants who were not familiar or comfortable with electronic devices (such as touchscreens). In this way, all participants were instructed to perform the TMT-square and circle. Furthermore, we developed an efficient and interpretable cognitive impairment-screening model to automatically analyze cognitive impairment levels that were dependent on demographic characteristics and time-, pressure-, jerk-, and template-related features. Among these features, novel template-based features were based on a vector quantization algorithm. First, the model identified a candidate trajectory as the standard answer (template) from the HC group. The distance between the recorded trajectories and reference was computed as an important evaluation index. To verify the effectiveness of our method, we compared the performance of a well-trained machine learning model using the extracted evaluation index with conventional demographic characteristics and time-related features. The well-trained model was validated using follow-up data (HC group: n=38; MCI group: n=32; and AD group: n=22). We compared 5 candidate machine learning methods and selected random forest as the ideal model with the best performance (accuracy: 0.726 for HC vs MCI, 0.929 for HC vs AD, and 0.815 for AD vs MCI). Meanwhile, the well-trained classifier achieved better performance than the conventional assessment method, with high stability and accuracy of the follow-up data. The study demonstrated that a model combining both paper and electronic TMTs increases the accuracy of evaluating participants' cognitive impairment compared to conventional paper-based feature assessment.

Teaching Methods in Medical Education: An Analysis of the Assessments and Preferences of Students

Knowing which teaching methods students value the most is important, as it directly affects the quality of learning. This paper analyzes which teaching methods are most commonly used in the Medicine Degree at a Spanish university, as perceived by both professors and students. It further explores the students’ assessments of these methods and the relationship between these assessments and the methods’ frequencies of use. The participants were 36 professors and 150 students. Professors completed the Teaching and Assessment Methodology of University Faculty Questionnaire (TAMUFQ), while students were administered a specially designed questionnaire. The questionnaire defined twelve teaching methods, and students were asked to provide their personal assessment and the frequency of use for each method based on their experiences. Professors reported adhering to a traditional style of teaching and assessment. According to the students, the most commonly used method was the lecture, although their assessments of lectures were significantly lower than the frequency with which that method was being used. Regarding the eleven remaining methods, the prospective doctors’ assessments were significantly higher than the methods’ degree of use. The main conclusion is that, while students did not negatively assess lectures, they considered them to be overused. This may mean that the potential of other teaching methods is being missed.

On the Issue of Conflict Potential of Socio-Political Discourse in the Russian Blogosphere

This article examines the features of socio-political discourse based on the texts of online blogs of public opinion leaders —I. Varlamov, Yu. Latynina, R. Kadyrov, N. Mikhalkov, S. Mikheev, and M. Simonyan. The purpose of the article is to determine the degree of conflictogenicity of the texts of the Russian blogosphere, specifically the blogs of media personalities, public opinion leaders; the results obtained will provide for predicting and preventing the occurrence of conflict situations by establishing and reducing the conflict index of the text, the main indicator of which is frequency of the corresponding lexical markers. The authors distinguish several subtypes of socio-political discourse and their features. The genre specificity of such new media phenomenon as Internet blog is considered. There is a high degree of conflictogenicity in analytical texts, signaled by specific lexical markers identified with the help of the content analysis method. Foreign policy texts, regardless of their authors’ personal views, appear to have the greatest number of conflict markers, which means that political analytics, the object of consideration of which lies in the plane of international and intercultural communication, has a significant degree of conflict potential. In the Internet, as in journalism in general, the addressees of texts and the addressees of conflicting vocabulary are not the same due to the specificity of discursive space, in which direct recipients of information are blog subscribers, who as a rule have a political orientation close to that of the author. The very same conflicting vocabulary refers to persons who occupy the opposite position. The manifestation of conflictogenicity in blog texts is analyzed at three levels: stylistic, semantic and pragmatic, which makes it possible to identify all the features of conflictogenicity markers in the liberal, patriotic and official subtypes of socio-political discourse. The specificity of such features is revealed in each of the three main subtypes of the Internet discourse: liberal, patriotic and official. In the authors’ blogs under analysis, the highest index of conflict is characteristic of texts belonging to the liberal subtype of socio-political discourse due to the greater frequency of use of the units related to lexical markers of conflict, their stylistically reduced modality—up to obscene words. At the same time, the conflict nature of the patriotic and official subtypes is closer to the traditional journalism style and shows less expressiveness in the use of metaphors, irony, phraseology, words with a seme of direct negative evaluation.

Educational psychology perspective on constructive, social play and academic performance of primary school children in Nigeria

Poor performance in numeracy at the primary level of education may result from inadequate instructional materials, methods, techniques, or strategies used in teaching it. This study investigated the effects of constructive and social play on pupils’ academic performance in numeracy in Niger State. The study examined the interaction effects of constructive, social play, gender, and school type on pupils’ academic performance in numeracy in Niger State. The study adopted the social-cultural theory of Lev Vygotsky. The research design used was a pretest-posttest control group non-equivalent quasi-experimental design. A stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select six schools for the study. The instrument used was Numeracy Performance Test (NPT). The Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to ascertain the reliability coefficient of 0.76 coefficients that were obtained. Frequency counts, percentage, mean, and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data collected. The results revealed that social and constructive play substantially impacted pupils’ numeracy performance in Niger State. There was no gender-related difference in student performance in maths and no statistically significant interaction between therapy and gender on pupils’ performance in numeracy. In Niger State, there was no discernible correlation between the type of school and pupils’ performance in numeracy. Gender and school type did not significantly affect pupils’ academic performance in numeracy, suggesting that social play and constructive play increased higher performance in math than the traditional style of instruction.

Analyst Sentiment as a Factor Consideration

An equity analyst’s opinion of stocks summarizes how a variety of different forces (such as geopolitical, macroeconomic, country, industry, and company-specific) and their interaction may affect the future performance of a company. In this article, we constructed an analyst-sentiment factor that tracks changes in analyst expectations, and then examined its relationship with global equity performance. We also sought to define the analyst-sentiment factor and learn about its stability and performance. Our analysis revealed that analyst sentiment has been a robust and differentiated investment factor with strong associated risk premiums. It exhibited unique characteristics and information relative to traditional equity style factors such as value, quality, and momentum.

Hey Robot, Tell It to Me Straight: How Different Service Strategies Affect Human and Robot Service Outcomes.

With robots already entering simple service tasks in shops, it is important to understand how robots should perform customer service to increase customer satisfaction. We investigate two methods of customer service we theorize are better suited for robots than human shopkeepers: straight communication and data-driven communication. Along with an additional, more traditional customer service style, we compare these methods of customer service performed by a robot, to a human performing the same service styles in 3 online studies with over 1300 people. We find that while traditional customer service styles are best suited for human shopkeepers, robot shopkeepers using straight or data driven customer service styles increase customer satisfaction, make customers feel more informed, and feel more natural than when a human uses them. Our work highlights the need for investigating robot-specific best practices for customer service, but also for social interaction at large, as simply duplicating typical human-human interaction may not produce the best results for a robot.