Traditional Steering System Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Adaptation Behaviors of Different Types of Drivers to Steer-by-Wire Systems.

As one of the advanced automotive chassis technologies, the steer-by-wire system offers a high level of precision, responsiveness, and controllability in the driving experience. It can also adjust and optimize parameters to adapt to the preferences of different drivers. However, when faced with the steer-by-wire system, both experienced drivers and novice drivers are in the novice stage, exhibiting learning or adaptation behaviors when using this steering system. In this paper, a small-scale pilot evaluation was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey and driving-simulator experiment, and the learning behavior and adaptability of four experienced and four novice drivers to the steer-by-wire system were analyzed when using the traditional steering system. The study found that experienced drivers show significant changes in their adaptation to the steering system, mainly due to their habitual driving with traditional steering systems. In contrast, novice drivers show no significant changes in their adaptation to the steering system, which is attributed to their lack of driving experience and skills, resulting in less sensitivity to changes in the steering system. Additionally, the study found that novice drivers under the steer-by-wire system grasp control over speed and steering-wheel angle more quickly. This research provides a reference for improving drivers' learning and adaptation abilities to the steer-by-wire system and optimizing the design of the steer-by-wire system.

Design and control performance optimization of dual-mode hydraulic steering system for wheel loader

The traditional wheel loader performs the steering operation by the rotation of the steering wheel, which significantly increases the complexity and fatigue of the operator. This paper presents a dual-mode steering system to solve the afore-mentioned problems, where a pilot control valve with a joystick is connected in parallel with the redirector to control the hydraulic steering system. The steering speed and angle of the loader can be controlled by the swing angle and time of the joystick. Based on the simulation and experimental results, the proposed system has the same trend of pressure variation and good steering performance compared with the traditional steering system. The hydraulic damping diameter matching the steering system is obtained by simulating and optimizing the equivalent model. The experimental results show that the effective control swing angle of the joystick increased from 12.5° to 19.7°, which improves the control accuracy of the steering system.

Closed-Circuit Pump-Controlled Electro-Hydraulic Steering System for Pure Electric Wheel Loader

Traditional construction machinery’s full hydraulic steering system has high energy consumption. An electro-hydraulic flow matching steering system for electric wheel loaders based on closed-circuit pump control is proposed to solve the problem. The transfer function of the electro-hydraulic system is established, and the system is stable according to analysis via Routh matrix. A test platform is built to verify the effectiveness of the system and the control strategy. Taking a 1.6T wheel loader as an example, the energy consumption of the traditional steering system and the new steering system under zero-load, positive-load (shovel loaded with 600 kg gravel), and offset-load (the center of gravity of the gravel is off the center of the bucket) conditions is compared. The results show that the energy consumption of the proposed steering system is greatly reduced compared to the traditional system. Under the condition of zero-load with medium steering speed, compared to the traditional system, consumption is reduced by 22.8%.

Analysis on the research method of road sense feedback in steer-by-wire system

Nowadays, the automobile industry is gradually developing towards the trend of electrification and intelligence. Compared with the traditional steering system, the steer-by-wire system cancels the mechanical transmission structure, reduces the space utilization, reduces the probability of damage to the driver caused by the steering system in the collision accident, and improves the driving portability and enhances the driver’s handling experience. The road feeling feedback of steer-by-wire system has the greatest impact on the driver’s driving experience. This paper discusses the research methods of road feeling feedback of steer-by-wire system, introduces the basic structure of road feeling feedback of steer-by-wire system, the basic idea of dynamic modeling, the establishment of simulation model of road feeling feedback, and the establishment method of control strategy and simulation platform of road feeling feedback. Finally, it summarizes and prospects in order to provide basic information and perspectives for the development and research of steer-by-wire system.

Are Self-Driving Vehicles Ready to Launch? An Insight into Steering Control in Autonomous Self-Driving Vehicles

In the last couple of years, academia-industry collaboration has demonstrated rapid advancements in the development of self-driving vehicles. Since it is evident that self-driving vehicles are going to reshape the traditional transportation systems in near future through enhancement in safe and smart mobility, motion control in self-driving vehicles while performing driving tasks in a dynamic road environment is still a challenging task. In this regard, we present a comprehensive study considering the evolution of steering control methods for self-driving vehicles. Initially, we discussed an insight into the traditional steering systems of the vehicles. To the best of our knowledge, currently, there is no taxonomy available, which elaborates steering control methods for self-driving vehicles. In this paper, we present a novel taxonomy including different steering control methods which are categorized into deterministic and heuristic steering control methods. Concurrently, the abovementioned techniques are critically reviewed elaborating their strengths and limitations. Based on the analysis, key challenges/research gaps in existing steering control methods along with the possible solutions have been briefly discussed to improve the effectiveness of the steering system of self-driving vehicles.

Modular design and analysis of the x-by-wire center point steering independent suspension for in-wheel electric vehicle

In this article, a new design scheme of x-by-wire steering suspension system is proposed, which aims to solve the adaptation problem of the traditional steering system, suspension system, and the electric wheel. It meets the requirement of four-wheel independent steering function with large scale. The design keeps wheel steering center axis to coincide with the virtual wheel kingpin, thereby realizing the application of the center point steering independent suspension system in electric wheels. In addition, modular design is adopted to reduce the coupling between the system and the car body, thereby realizing the generalization of the front and rear steering suspension system, and it also decreases the number of components. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis and parameter design of the self-aligning torque of the suspension are carried out. The multi-body dynamics model of system is established, and the performance is simulated in both time domain and frequency domain. The comparison test shows that the center point steering independent suspension has higher feasibility. Finally, a prototype of the system is developed, which provides a new idea for the designing of chassis for electric vehicles.

Design and manufacturing of mechanical steering system for parallel parking, zero turning radius, minimum turning radius with traditional turning

Many existing cities in the world were not built according to population of cars. Therefore drivers find it difficult to park their car on crowded streets and to turn in small spaces. However it is possible to design cars to suit traffic conditions of the cities. Two wheel steering system has a drawback of demanding wide area because of comparatively larger turning radius. Currently most cars are using traditional steering system, but this system is difficult comparing to parallel parking method. Zero turning radius helps the vehicle rotating about an axis passing through the centre of gravity of vehicle rather than describing a circular path as in conventional turning. The aim of this research is to develop a combined mechanism of parallel parking, zero turn radius, minimum turning and traditional turning for automobiles. All the parts of the steering system are designed so as to meet all the configuration of steering system and to be well-matched to the power train, suspension system and body of the car. The steering system is designed for the car which is designed and manufactured at Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University which has the overall dimension of 1200 X 1450mm. After manufacturing of the parts, it had been assembled and ready for testing. The testing results showed that zero turning radius will reduce the turning radius up to 70% and parallel parking also make our life easy and reduce time consumption during parking and to pullout car from traffic jam. Minimum radius turn configuration will reduce the turning radius of vehicle about 36% compare to traditional steering mechanism.Keywords: Steering System Traditional Turning Minimum Turning Radius Zero Turning Radius Parallel Parking

Multidisciplinary design optimization for vehicle handling stability of steering-by-wire system

As the important performance of automobile, the vehicle handling stability has always been the focus of the research. The steering-by-wire (SBW) system is a major innovation to the traditional steering system, which brings new challenges to the research on the vehicle handling stability. In order to improve the vehicle handling stability and active safety of SBW, the multidomain model of SBW is established on the basis of proper simplification. A new vehicle handling stability evaluation method and its expression are proposed. The system parameters, vehicle handling and stability are studied by multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO), and selection of the system frequency response and time domain response characteristics have important influence on the key parameters analyzed in SBW system performance. The results show that the vehicle handling stability is significantly higher after the parameter optimization, which can be used to guide the parameters design and matching of the steering system.

Research on Steer-by-Wire System in Electric Vehicle

Steer-by-wire (SBW) system in electric vehicle replaces the mechanical connection between steering wheel and front wheels with cable in the traditional steering system, which overcomes the limitations of the traditional steering system for the drivers. It is a hot research topic in the field of new energy vehicles in the future. The proposed new structure of SBW in electric vehicle is introduced; its integrated control strategy consists of three modules. A coordinated control determines the body forces/moment required to achieve electric vehicle motion objectives. The body forces/moment are allocated to braking and steering subsystems based on phase plane notion. The coordination of these actuators is achieved through the controller of the feedback gains with respect to electric vehicle speed. The gain scheduled steering controller provides the desired yaw rate damping while keeping the yaw-lateral motion decoupled. The simulation test results show the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and steering control system when the SBW in electric vehicle is subject to critical driving situations. Our work provided a reference for further research of SBW system.

Automotive Wire Control Steering Sensor Fault Detection Algorithm Research

This article to cancel after the mechanical connections between steering wheel and steering, wire control steering system security and reliability problems, put forward on the basis of the analytical redundancy software sensor method of wire control steering system. In order to solve the compared with the traditional steering system in terms of reliability and safety of the problems of structural changes, the wire control steering system of the main sensor fault diagnosis methods are studied. In wire control steering system associated with the vehicle dynamics model is established under the premise of hypothesis testing to double adaptive fading Kalman filtering technology as a platform, combined with according to the working state of each sensors to determine fault feature vector, to build the main sensor wire control steering automobile fault diagnosis method of residual error threshold. For fault diagnosis of automobile EPS sensor, the BP neural network is put forward to EPS sensor for auto are introduced in the fault diagnosis. For large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSN), reduce the fault detection accuracy, and larger load of communication problems, according to the spatial and temporal correlation characteristics of sensor nodes, proposes a distributed sensor fault detection algorithm based on cluster. These algorithms for sensor fault detection is of great significance.

Research on control strategy for differential steering system based on H mixed sensitivity

The differential steering system (DSS) of electric wheel vehicle gets rid of the restrictions of traditional steering system completely. As an ideal steering technology, it not only realizes the perfect combination of the road feel and the steering portability, but also realizes the harmony and unification between the steering maneuverability and safety. The structure and basic theory of the DSS of electric wheel vehicle are discussed in this paper. Based on these, the dynamic model of the steering system is built. Considering of the uncertainties and disturbances existing in the model, the H∞ mixed sensitivity control theory is applied to achieve better tracking performance and road feel in the process of steering. Then, a H∞ mixed sensitivity controller is designed to restrain the effect of the road disturbance and model uncertainties. The simulation results indicate that the DSS with the designed controller can effectively restrain the effect of noises and disturbances caused by random motivation from road, torque sensor measurement and model parameter uncertainty, and enable the driver to obtain satisfactory road feel.