Traditional Retail Stores Research Articles

‘From Bata to Prada’: Appraisal Approach in New Retail Design

Many contemporary architectural design projects, frequently characterized by the interaction between creativity, beauty and innovation, reflect the changes in consumption models. Also with specific reference to retail spaces, the concept of store has developed into something that includes knowledge, discovery and seduction in addition to the traditional selling of products. The passage from material to immaterial culture in the digital era, conduces to design spaces able to offer an experience, more than a product, as in the several projects for Prada’Stores. In this changing scenario, the worldwide famous brand Bata Co., with its very long tradition - founded in 1894 - constitutes one of the most successful examples of how a smart management system finds into its spaces of production and distribution a creative correspondence. It is not a case that from Bata derives one of the most emblematic example to conceive the modern retail spaces, thanks to the projects of Le Corbusier. Nowadays, in the face of challenges of digital innovation, among the several typologies of retail spaces, the traditional store is going through a profound transformation, in addition to being a strategic segment in the real estate market. In the last few years, in fact, Informative systems, Technologies, IT platforms, are radically changing the customers’ purchasing process – the customer experience -, affecting more and more the re-design of spaces, processes and functionality of the store. Technological development not only is changing purchasing behaviour but it also is determining the need to deal with radical changes in the current stores to make them more attractive for tenants and property investor. In this perspective the article, starting from the comparison between two different ways to conceive the commercial spaces (functionalism in Bata and spectacle in Prada) and highlighting the role of the new consumer, deals with some evaluative aspects in the new retail design. An overview of the retail from the perspective of the real estate market, confirms as it is in constantly expanding in the international arena; in Italy, also if positive signs affect all kinds of retail (high street, commercial centers, outlets, etc.), new challenges arise for the small and traditional retail stores. With specific reference to the project of the physical space of the new retail store, the business analysis involves some aspects, such as the so called “soft costs” sustained for re-design the relationship with the customer/consumer, which deserve further insights in the new culture of Retail Design.

New product introductions for low-income consumers in emerging markets

Facing growth pressures, firms attempt to target the large low-income consumer segment present in emerging markets. This multi-method study develops research insights regarding consumer-, retailer-, firm-, category- and country-level factors that enhance the acceptability, awareness, availability, and affordability of products that facilitate the low-income consumer adoption of and firms’ introduction of new products for low-income consumers. Study 1 uses a qualitative grounded-theory approach by interviewing company managers and low-income consumers in India and Chile. Study 2, empirically tests an integrated multi-level model of several category factors identified in Study 1, combined with country-level factors drawn from the literature, using a unique 12-year longitudinal panel dataset of new product introductions in 27 emerging market countries from Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America. The research identifies consumer aspirations, region-based versioning, visible packaging and the product demonstrations as critical motivating factors for adoption of products by low income consumers. Consumers’ knowledge of the product category, the concentration of branded products, availability of global brands, and the presence of traditional retail stores motivate firms to launch products for low income consumers in emerging markets.

A comparison study of AR applications versus pseudo-holographic systems as virtual exhibitors for luxury watch retail stores

The market of luxury watches has been continuously growing across the world, regardless of economic crisis. However, consumers can purchase online, on the web pages of the luxury watchmakers, the same product they can acquire in physical retail stores, producing a significant reduction in the overall sales of the latter ones. To reduce this trend, retail stores should increase their added-value services, one of which could be the use of virtual exhibitors in the shop. In this paper, we have developed two multimedia solutions (an Augmented Reality application and a pseudo-holographic system) for the creation of virtual exhibitors, and we have carried out a comparative study (based on real users) to measure which system would produce the best impact on users when used in traditional luxury watch retail stores. Our primary hypothesis was that there would be significant differences between the use of the mobile AR application and the use of the pseudo-holographic system. Our secondary hypothesis was that user preference for the mobile AR application would be higher than for the pseudo-holographic system.

대형유통매장 입지에 따른 전통시장 상권 잠식도 분석에 관한 연구 - 경상북도 포항시를 중심으로 -

The purposes of this study are to identify the extent of encroachment when a large retail store enters the commercial influence area of a traditional market and draw a win-win method to peacefully coexist by resolving the conflicts between the large retail stores and traditional markets. The findings of this study can be summarized as followings. First, the traditional market-large retail store encroachment model demonstrates that the number of large retail stores has significant negative relationship with the number of stores in a traditional market with 500-1,000m of commercial influence area in radius. However, there is no statistically significant relationship between two factors for a traditional market with 1,500-3,000m of commercial influence area in radius. In other words, it is expected that a commercial influence area of a traditional market will be encroached if there is a large retail market entering within 1,000m in radius. Thus, there should be a plan to enhance coexistence between a traditional market and a large retail store when the latter is built within 1,000m from an existing traditional market in radius. If the distance between two market is longer than 1,000m, it is more reasonable to propose a policy direction to support and enhance a large retail market, rather than establishing a coexistence plan because there’s few or no conflict between them.

Do habits influence the types of information that smartphone shoppers seek?

Smartphones enable consumers to acquire information from non-store sources while shopping at traditional retail stores. Retailers need to respond to this development by first understanding the types of information that consumers seek with their smartphones and then crafting appropriate strategies. We propose that the types of information that a consumer searches for are affected by her habits resulting from her ownership and use of different types of electronic devices and her social capital. Specifically, we suggest that devices that allow for a specific type of information at home engender a habit of seeking similar type of information in other contexts such as the point of purchase. Consumers residing in rural areas and women are more likely to be in the habit of seeking information from friends and family because both tend to draw on their social capital for their decisions. Findings from our empirical analysis provide support to such effects.

Collaborative consumption: a business model analysis of second-hand fashion

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the business model of second-hand fashion stores and explore their challenges/opportunities and suggest potential strategies for second-hand fashion retail stores.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research method using in-depth interviews of convenience sample of owners/store managers from within the USA was employed.FindingsContrasting the traditional retail stores, customers are the primary partners and suppliers of second-hand fashion stores. These stores retain minimal profits given a business model that typically involves sharing profits with customers. Cheaper price, thrill of finding great deals, value for brands and variety are the primary reasons mentioned by respondents for shopping at second-hand stores.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations include the use of a convenience sample of store owners/managers as well as the research is limited to women and children’s stores. Respondents of the study were from the same geographical region and the characteristics of the redistribution markets may vary in a different region.Practical implicationsAs a means to foster textile waste reduction through second-hand clothing business, these stores could adopt innovative revenue streams, additional partnerships, and improved fashion and store appeal that may be effective in increasing profits and the number of customers.Originality/valueThis study is one of the early attempts to examine the business model of second-hand fashion stores, a form of collaborative consumption in the fashion context. The study contributes in promoting second-hand fashion stores as a sustainable business model in the fashion industry.

The Impact of Modern Retail Minimarket towards the Continuity of Traditional Retail Businesses

Today the business is growing rapidly minimarket with the development of socioeconomic conditions of society, and changes in value systems that result in changes to the pattern of life and needs of the community. In meeting the needs and desires, people tend to prefer a wide range of modern facilities expenditures. Thus increasing the number of modern minimarket store increasingly cornered the existence of traditional retail stores are stand-alone and based on social economy. This study aimed to analyze the changes in turnover and market traditional retail stores before and after the modern mini-market retail in the vicinity. To achieve these objectives, conducted survey research approach, this study uses primary and secondary data by distributing interviews and questionnaires to 40 respondents traditional retail store owners in the district of Kuningan which is selected by probability sampling. Descriptive qualitative were used to analyse this study. Based on the survey results revealed that there are significant differences between turnover and market traditional retail stores before and after the modern minimarket in the vicinity. This shows that the presence of modern retail stores provide a decrease in turnover and customers impact for traditional retail stores. But the research also shows that traditional retail stores that improve the quality of services and facilities are not affected by the presence of modern retail stores in the vicinity.

Consumer choice of multichannel shopping

PurposeConsumers display complex shopping behaviors in the multichannel environment, which includes traditional retail stores and the internet. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the customer-sales associate relationship, customers’ receptiveness to online store shopping, and their interaction effects on the customer’s attitude toward multichannel shopping behavior when the firm decides to establish an online store as the online channel. The authors also examine how customers’ multichannel shopping behavior affects their future spending intentions.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected by soliciting 231 customers who purchased cosmetics in department stores within the past three months. Subjects were asked to give their overall evaluation of their offline and online shopping experiences in the last three months.FindingsResults show that the customer-sales associate relationship significantly reduces customers’ attitude toward searching offline but purchasing online. Receptiveness to online store shopping has significant effects on customers’ attitude toward multichannel shopping behaviors regardless of whether they search or purchase via the online channel. The customer-sales associate relationship also moderates the relationship between customers’ receptiveness to online store shopping and multichannel shopping behaviors. Finally, unlike other types of online and offline multichannel shoppers who display higher future spending intentions when the physical store decides to open an online store, those who prefer physical stores for both information searching and product purchasing display lower spending intentions.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to use customer-sales associate relationships to investigate consumers’ attitude toward multichannel shopping behavior. The findings provide meaningful implications for service providers that use sales associates to increase consumers’ value via face-to-face service, but find it challenging to go online.

RETAIL STORE IMPRESSION AND SHOPPER’S BEHAVIOR – A STUDY OF PROZONE MALL AURANGABAD

In this present era there are massive changes in the field of retail store impression and shopping behavior from traditional retail store to organized retail store. So several shopping center, departmental store, shopping malls and franchising are growing rapidly in our country as an organized business. Retail store image is a strategy focused on inducing agility and flexibility in retail trade and play a vital role to determine shopper’s behavior which is essential aspect of market environment. The foremost intention of this research article is to focus on various characteristics of retail store personality i.e. store design, store ambience visual merchandising, music, lighting color, signage and so forth. The study is restricted to “Prozone Mall” in Aurangabad. (M.S.)

PRODUCT RELATED FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMER ONLINE BUYING DECISION

This research paper attempts to examine product related important issues in the fast growing electronic commerce based business environment and its relationship with consumer online buying decisions. Product related issues will cover huge product assortment offered by E-tail companies along with option of branded products which are not available at every traditional retail stores in marketplace. Quality of product offered by e-tailors and their relationship with consumer online buying will also be a dimension to be assessed in this research paper. This will further include good packing of product to ensure delivery of ordered product in same state as expected by the buyer. Detailed specification of the offered product which helps in easy comparison of product with other similar category products will also be examined under the issues related to product. All above mentioned product related factors will be assessed for their relationship with consumer online buying decision. All these factors will be individually and jointly assessed towards consumer online buying decision with the help of primary data collected for the respective purpose.

How Does Adoption of the Outlet Channel Impact Customers’ Spending in the Retail Stores: Conflict or Synergy?

We investigate how adoption of a retailer’s factory outlet channel impacts customers’ spending in the retailer’s traditional retail store channel. In recent years, many retailers have added exclusively sourced factory outlet stores into their channel mix to achieve market expansion and customer segmentation. However, the impact of adoption of this lower-quality, lower-price alternative channel on spending at the retailer’s higher-quality, higher-price retail store channel is not clear. Customers adopting the outlet channel might increase their spending in the retail store channel because of the opportunity to become familiar with the brand at a lower price point or transfer of positive associations formed through patronage of the outlet channel to the store channel. Customers adopting the lower-quality channel might also decrease their spending in the retail store channel because of brand dilution or cannibalization. To investigate this issue, we use a unique individual-level panel data set from a specialty apparel retailer from a period during which the retailer opened many factory outlet stores. This allows us to study how purchase behavior changes after customers adopt the outlet channel while carefully controlling for alternative explanations including customer heterogeneity and selection effects. We find that although customers who adopt the outlet channel spend less with the retailer compared to store-only customers, the difference cannot be attributed to the impact of adoption of the outlet channel. After controlling for heterogeneity and selection effects, we uncover a positive spillover to the retail store channel from adoption of the outlet channel. Customers who adopt the outlet channel not only make incremental purchases at the outlet channel, but also increase their spending in the retail store channel after adoption. The increase in spending is due to more frequent retail store purchases and not to larger per-purchase expenditure. This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.

Pricing decision for new and remanufactured product in a closed-loop supply chain with separate sales-channel

Remanufacturing is a recovery process that transforms a used product into a “like-new” product, which usually comes with a warranty similar to that of the new product. Many manufacturers are concerned that remanufacturing might cannibalize the new product's sales. Recent development shows an increasing trend in selling products through non-traditional channels, such as a manufacturer's direct channel or an e-channel. A pricing decision model is developed for short life-cycle products in a closed-loop supply chain that consists of the manufacturer, retailer, and collector. The new product is sold via traditional retail stores and the remanufactured product is sold via the manufacturer's direct channel. There are two scaling factors introduced in the model: (1) customer acceptance of buying a remanufactured product (reman-acceptance); (2) customer preference for buying a remanufactured product via a direct channel (direct-channel-preference). The results show that implementing a separate channel can improve the total supply chain's profit compared to the single-channel approach. It is also found that the two scaling factors influence both the pricing decisions and profits of supply-chain members.

PREFERENCE OF SHOPPING ON ONLINE VS OFFLINE IN BANGLADESH

INTRODUCTION:E-Commerce is becoming a prominent feature of future sales channels. The characteristics of the global emarket creates unique opportunity for companies to reach more efficiently to existing and potential customers by replacing traditional retail stores with web based businesses (Limayem, Khalifa and Frini ., 2000).There are two patterns of E-Commerce. One is Business to Business (B2B) and another is business to consumer (B2C). In this study we concentrate on Business to consumer form of E-Commerce.E-commerce is one of those sectors that needs more attention if we are to be a part of global village(Laisuzzaman, Imran, Nahid, Amin & Alim ., 2010).Online transaction would increase the Gross Domestic Product growth and thus, help Bangladesh accomplish the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The internet has gone through revolutionary changes, and in developing countries, e-commerce has become a common norm of doing business (Dey, Nabi, Anwer ., 2009). Bangladesh cannot stay behind from this phenomena.Consumers' preference mainly goes for simple transaction process and also a convenient delivery of products. By considering this, E-commerce is can be mentioned as a platform that allows buyers to buy products from a distant place without having physical presence and makes the transaction process simple and convenient (Tariq , Jafar & Arif, 2014). There are many retailers who are now using online retailing to attract their target customers. In this competitive context, the way consumers decide to use a particular shopping channel, particularly the internet, is important to understand from a managerial standpoint. Since consumers do not concentrate their shopping activities within one particular shopping channel, it is imperative for the marketer to find out the forces driving consumers' choice, which is essential for retailing strategies (Chiang & Dholakia, 2003).Easier access to computers, the modernization of countries around the world and an increased utilization of smartphones has given people the opportunity to use the internet more frequently and with more convenience. However, internet penetration often pertains to the current state of development regarding communications networks. According to the Globaleconomy.com, there were approximately 632 million total internet users in China and 269 million total internet users in the United States (figure 02, data accessed on April 2016). However, broadband internet usage is not equally present in many developing countries and due to inadequate infrastructure; developing online markets now rely heavily on mobile connectivity.Social networking is one of the most popular online activities and Facebook is the most popular online social network based on active usage. As of the second quarter of 2015, there are a total of roughly 1.5 billion monthly active Facebook users, accounting for almost half of internet users worldwide (www.statista.com). Connecting with family and friends, expressing opinions, entertainment and online shopping are amongst the most popular reasons for internet usage. The most active online users were Millennials aged from18 to 32 years with an average of 7.43 hours online every day(source: globaleconomy.com, the World Bank).OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:This paper attempts to identify the most influential factors that create barriers for customers to migrate to online shopping rather than offline in the context of Bangladesh.LITERATURE REVIEW:The trend of the consumers regarding the Internet use and buying products online is increasing day by day. Because of the use of tablets and smartphone in Europe, online retail transactions in 2014 increased by 130.8% and 121.6% accordingly and in 2015 the growth in use is expected to be 83.6% and 92.8% respectively. In USA, online sales in 2014 were estimated to be $306.85 bn (Centre of Retail Research Limited, 2015)The competition in e-commerce industry is getting very intense. …

Employees’ Emotional Reactions to Customer Deal Requests

Customers are increasingly asking for discounts and deals while shopping in traditional retail stores. Using interviews and a survey of frontline employees, this article develops and tests a model that profiles the effect of customer deal requests on employees’ emotional reactions. The findings show that employees’ request self-efficacy and their positivity toward deal requesters increase their comfort with these deal requests. This comfort, along with the employee’s perceptions of the dominance of the customer’s approach style and the reasonableness of the request, impacts the employee’s affective reactions following deal requests. Script theory and motivated reasoning are used to explain this process, while the importance of employee comfort in this process is emphasized. Implications for theory and management are discussed.

수산물 유통마진과 유통성과 연구 -고등어 유통 사례를 중심으로 -

This study presents a comparative analysis on mackerel distribution process and price formation process, and investigation of price and margin between traditional markets and Large-scale discount store distribution channel. Through this, the study investigated distribution efficiency of each channel, and examined whether a difference of distribution efficiency leads to a difference of performance through the investigation of a difference of function and role between members of a wholesale market and vendor of Large scale discount store. The following are the results of this study. As a consequence of investigating supply and sum by distribution channel of mackerel, it appeared that mackerels shipped from port market are distributed into 9 consumption sites(Wholesale market, Large scale discount store, Institutional Food Service, etc.). In the comparison of distribution efficiency between traditional retail store and Large scale discount store 52.0% margin is formed in traditional retail store distribution channel and 43.1% margin is formed in Large scale discount store, and a distribution cost rate consists of 19.4% cost in a traditional retail store for fishery products and 18.1% cost in a Large-scale discount store. To analyze a difference of performance, the study examine a difference of role and function between vendor and Wholesale market company, wholesaler and middleman. Wholesale market company and middleman of wholesale market for consumer have slightly high or similar score in collection function, sorting function, evaluation function and financial function which are traditional and original. However, it was confirmed that vendor has a better score in other functions, that is, newly-demanded functions(ex : market frontier function, product development function, Integral Distribution Function, etc.).

Does employee performance affect customer loyalty in pharmacy services?

Purpose– Employees in community pharmacies play a far significant and distinct role compared to the employees in traditional retail stores. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of employee performance (EP) on customer loyalty of pharmacy services.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected through a self-administered survey filled in by the customers of 25 community pharmacies. A total of 679 completely filled-in questionnaires were analysed. The proposed model was tested through structural equation modelling using AMOS 22.Findings– EP positively affects pharmacy customers’ perceived value (PV), trust and loyalty. PV and trust fully mediates the relationships between EP and customers’ attitudinal and behavioural loyalty. Unlike short-term customers, the long-term relational customers’ PV was found to have significant impact on their trust and behavioural loyalty.Research limitations/implications– This study is based on the Australian community pharmacy industries; hence, caution must be exercised in the generalization of the results to other countries. The study has considered only PV and trust in examining the link between the EP and customer loyalty. Other variables such as commitment could possibly influence the link, which has not been considered in this study.Originality/value– The study contributes to the existing literature by focusing on how EP affects both attitudinal and behavioural loyalty of pharmacy customers. It shows empirical evidence that EP influences customers’ PV and trust en-route to influencing their loyalty. The study measures EP based on both empathy and service provider performance covering a broader spectrum of the construct.

Shopping at farmers' markets: Does ease of access really matter?

AbstractWith the rapid growth of farmers’ markets, roadside stands and U-pick operations in the USA, direct food distribution to consumers has become more important for agricultural producers. However, numerous studies have revealed that there are barriers preventing further development of these markets. One of the most often cited barriers is lack of access for consumers. This raises the question: to what extent does accessibility affect consumers’ participation in this food marketing channel? Based on data from a public mail survey, a binary probit model was developed to test whether the ease of access to farmers' markets would affect consumers’ participation decisions. The model included other control variables such as spatial accessibility to other traditional food retail stores, consumer demographics and perceptions of locally produced foods. The results showed that each additional farmers' market within a 5 km radius of the household significantly increased the expected probability of participation by 3.67%, and the effect varied with urban and rural areas. The presence of grocery stores, convenience stores and specialty food stores were statistically insignificant. Also, some demographic characteristics such as age, household income and household size, along with attitudes toward local foods, were found to be significant predictors of consumers’ behavior. Finally, we provide a number of implications for improving market locations, targeting interested consumers and developing strategies to promote farmers' markets.

Retail service quality as a base in purchasing decision

Retail is a service activity, and services are something that makes the retail companies differ from production companies. Retailers are trying to differentiate the 'package' offer, build customer loyalty and make their position through the provision of high service quality. In addition, the services provided can be varied, such as exterior and interior design of retail stores, preparation of goods for sale, appearance and behavior of sales personnel, culture of communication with customers, and services provided after the sales process. Consumers require the service quality when making purchasing decision. For retail companies and retail stores it is important to continuously monitor the level of service quality. In order to measure the service quality, the method that found its application in the theory and practice is SERVQUAL. This model was created as a combination of theoretical and practical research and it looks at the quality of service as the content of the following dimensions: tangibles, reliability, sensitivity, security and empathy. As such, it is a function of the difference between perceptions and expectations (Q = P-E) and is widely accepted to measure the service quality in traditional retail stores, public sector, higher education, real estate, hospitals, courts and so on. In addition, this model is widely used to measure service quality in e-retailing, e-banking, e-selling of travel packages and other services provided by electronic means. The main assumption is that services are a key factor in making purchasing decision. The aim of this paper is to, through theoretical and practical research with special emphasis on SERVQUAL method, test the initial hypothesis and recognize the level of service quality in retail chains in Southeast Serbia.

Conceptualising Impulse Purchase Elements for iTV Advertising

This paper describes an ongoing study related to the conceptual design model of interactive television (iTV) advertising towards influencing impulse purchase tendency.It was found that most of the existing studies have proposed factors of impulse purchase in different advertising medium like website, mobile, traditional retail store and traditional television.However, none of the impulse purchase model is dedicated towards impulse purchase tendency for iTV advertising. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify and eventually conceptualise impulse purchase elements that are suitable for iTV advertising. The method used for this study is content and comparative analysis from existing studies in order to get the impulse purchase elements.The findings show that the elements of impulse purchase are classified into nine categories; information, influence, emotion, attention, message, acceptance, still media, motion media and interactivity.The detail elaborations of the impulse purchase elements are discussed at the end of this paper.

Factors Affecting Traditional Retail Stores Competitiveness in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Factors Affecting Traditional Retail Stores Competitiveness in Chiang Mai, Thailand