Traditional Rehabilitation Therapy Research Articles

Optimisation of Remote Monitoring Programmes in Heart Failure: Evaluation of Patient Drop-Out Behaviour and Healthcare Professionals' Perspectives.

Heart failure (HF) is a growing epidemic, affecting millions of people worldwide, and is a major cause of mortality, morbidity, and impaired quality of life. Traditional cardiac rehabilitation is a valuable approach to the physical and quality-of-life recovery of patients with cardiovascular disease. The innovative approach of remote monitoring through telemedicine offers a solution based on modern technologies, enabling continuous collection of health data outside the hospital environment. Remote monitoring devices present challenges that could adversely affect patient adherence, resulting in the risk of dropout. By applying a cognitive-behavioral model, we aim to identify the antecedents of dropout behavior among patients adhering to traditional cardiac rehabilitation programs and remote monitoring in order to improve the latter. Our study was conducted from October 2023 to January 2024. In the first stage, we used data from literature consultation. Subsequently, data were collected from the direct experience of 49 health workers related to both remote monitoring and traditional treatment, recruited from the authors' workplace. Results indicate that patients with cardiovascular disease tend to abandon remote monitoring programs more frequently than traditional cardiac rehabilitation therapies. It is critical to design approaches that take these barriers into account to improve adherence and patient satisfaction. This analysis identified specific antecedents to address, helping to improve current monitoring models. This is crucial to promote care continuity and to achieve self-management by patients in the future.

Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Chronic Diseases.

This article focuses on a range of non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in chronic diseases, including exercise, dietary supplements, traditional Chinese exercise, intestinal microecology, and rehabilitation therapies for individuals with limited limb movement. By analyzing multiple studies, the article aims to summarize the available evidence to manage sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. The results strongly emphasize the role of resistance training in addressing chronic diseases and secondary sarcopenia. Maintaining the appropriate frequency and intensity of resistance training can help prevent muscle atrophy and effectively reduce inflammation. Although aerobic exercise has limited ability to improve skeletal muscle mass, it does have some positive effects on physical function. Building upon this, the article explores the potential benefits of combined training approaches, highlighting their helpfulness for overall quality of life. Additionally, the article also highlights the importance of dietary supplements in combating muscle atrophy in chronic diseases. It focuses on the importance of protein intake, supplements rich in essential amino acids and omega-3, as well as sufficient vitamin D to prevent muscle atrophy. Combining exercise with dietary supplements appears to be an effective strategy for preventing sarcopenia, although the optimal dosage and type of supplement remain unclear. Furthermore, the article explores the potential benefits of intestinal microecology in sarcopenia. Probiotics, prebiotics, and bacterial products are suggested as new treatment options for sarcopenia. Additionally, emerging therapies such as whole body vibration training, blood flow restriction, and electrical stimulation show promise in treating sarcopenia with limited limb movement. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic and integrated approach that incorporates exercise, nutrition, and multidisciplinary interventions, which have the potential to promote health in the elderly population. Future research should prioritize high-quality randomized controlled trials and utilize wearable devices, smartphone applications, and other advanced surveillance methods to investigate the most effective intervention strategies for sarcopenia associated with different chronic diseases.

Research Updates of Traditional Rehabilitation Therapy in Treating Cervical Spondylosis

Cervical spondylosis has many obvious symptoms. Through literature reviews and hospital visits and collecting information under the guidance of our instructors, three methods of traditional rehabilitation therapy are reviewed in this study: massage, cupping, and Gua Sha. Information regarding cervical spondylosis was sorted out, from the causes of the disease and treatment methods to precautionary measures, which are discussed in this paper.

Single-facility study of the effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy using wearable hybrid assistive limb for patients with bleeding disorders: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

IntroductionHaemophilic arthropathy, a serious complication of haemophilia, results from recurrent joint bleeding, causing progressive joint damage and severely impacting patient quality of life. Rehabilitation therapy (RT) effectively addresses declining physical...

Design and Experimental Testing of an Ankle Rehabilitation Robot

The ankle joint (AJ) is a crucial joint in daily life, responsible for providing stability, mobility, and support to the lower limbs during routine activities such as walking, jumping, and running. Ankle joint injuries can occur due to sudden twists or turns, leading to ligament sprains, strains, fractures, and dislocations that can cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility. When AJ trauma occurs, joint instability happens, causing mobility limitations or even a loss of joint mobility, and rehabilitation therapy is necessary. AJ rehabilitation is critical for those recovering from ankle injuries to regain strength, stability, and function. Common rehabilitation methods include rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), physical therapy, ankle braces, and exercises to strengthen the surrounding muscles. Traditional rehabilitation therapies are limited and require constant presence from a therapist, but technological advancements offer new ways to fully recover from an injury. In recent decades there has been an upswing in research on robotics, specifically regarding rehabilitation. Robotic platforms (RbPs) offer several advantages for AJ rehabilitation assistance, including customized training programs, real-time feedback, improved performance monitoring, and increased patient engagement. These platforms use advanced technologies such as sensors, actuators, and virtual reality to help patients recover quicker and more efficiently. Furthermore, RbPs can provide a safe and controlled environment for patients who need to rebuild their strength and mobility. They can enable patients to focus on specific areas of weakness or instability and provide targeted training for faster recovery and reduced risk of re-injury. Unfortunately, high costs make it difficult to implement these systems in recuperative institutions, and the need for low-cost platforms is apparent. While different systems are currently being used, none of them fully satisfy patient needs or they lack technical problems. This paper addresses the conception, development, and implementation of rehabilitation platforms (RPs) that are adaptable to patients’ needs by presenting different design solutions (DSs) of ankle RPs, mathematical modeling, and simulations of a selected rehabilitation platform (RP) currently under development. In addition, some results from practical tests of the first prototype of this RP are presented. One patient voluntarily agreed to use this platform for more rehabilitation sessions on her AJ (right leg). To counteract some drawbacks of the first prototype, some improvements in the RP design have been proposed. The results on testing the improved prototype will be the subject of future work.

Traditional and Modern Rehabilitation Therapies of Ankle Sprains

The ankle joint is one of the main weight-bearing joints of the body. In the joint sprains, ankle sprains are the most familiar type. The ankle sprain is a damage to the ligaments surrounding the ankle joint and is commonly seen in athletes, paratroopers, sports enthusiasts and other groups. In the last few years, many researchers have executed studies on the treatment of ankle sprains, but there are still relatively few studies that summarize the discussion of ankle sprain treatment methods. This article presents the efficacy of traditional and modern rehabilitation therapy in ankle sprains by summarizing previous studies, aiming to promote the development of ankle sprain treatment research. Traditional rehabilitation treatment for ankle sprains includes tuina, acupuncture, fire pot and Chinese herbs-related treatment. Tuina therapy is conducive to peeling off adhesions, regenerating tendons and promoting the repair of damaged muscle tissues. Acupuncture can promote metabolism, accelerate absorption, and relieve the stimulation of various metabolic products on the sprained area. Modern rehabilitation therapies include physiotherapy, exercise, manual, and orthopedic therapy. Physiotherapy is the action of artificially generated or naturally available physical factors on the human body to prevent or treat diseases. Exercise therapy can promote joint fluid flow, facilitate local blood flow, and accelerate the absorption of inflammatory factors and the metabolism of cartilage.

Reflections on the Application of Chinese Medicine During the Epidemic of COVID-19

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an important role in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has received considerable attention from all sectors of society. In the current situation of the global outbreak, it is crucial to promote the global application of TCM. However, the pandemic has also exposed various problems affecting the widespread acceptance of TCM. In this review, we summarize efforts to prevent and control COVID-19 by TCM and provide strategic guidance on how to promote its practice in the context of public health emergencies by (1) completing the system for evaluating the clinical efficacy of TCM; (2) transforming decoctions into Chinese patent medicines; (3) encouraging low-threshold traditional rehabilitation therapy; (4) strengthening communication and cooperation with the media. The aim of these approaches is to improve the rigor of TCM research and its dissemination, sharing the antiepidemic experience of TCM to the world, as well as increase the engagement of and acceptance by the masses. In this manner, TCM will not only aid in preventing and controlling COVID-19 but can also provide tools for coping with future public health emergencies.

Tai chi as an adjunctive therapy for individuals who plateau after vestibular rehabilitation.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of tai chi on balance in patients with improved but persistent dizziness and imbalance following completion of traditional vestibular rehabilitation therapy. Patients who completed vestibular rehabilitation therapy with persistent imbalance were prospectively enrolled in a tai chi programme comprising eight weekly classes. Balance was assessed before the first and after the eighth session using the Dynamic Gait Index, Activities-Specific Balance Confidence scale and Dizziness Handicap Inventory. A total of 37 participants (34 females, 3 males) completed the programme with balance testing. Mean age was 76.8 years (range, 56-91 years). Mean Dynamic Gait Index significantly increased after completion of tai chi (p < 0.00001). Mean Activities-Specific Balance Confidence scale score increased from 63.6 to 67.9 per cent (p = 0.046). A subset (n = 18) of patients completed a Dizziness Handicap Inventory without significant post-therapeutic change (p = 0.62). Most (36 of 37; 97.3 per cent) patients demonstrated post-therapy improvement on one or more assessments. Tai chi is a viable adjunct to improve balance in patients who complete a vestibular rehabilitation therapy programme.

Application of Nanoscaffold Material Combined with Exercise Rehabilitation Therapy in the Treatment of Athletes with Hip Injuries

A nanoscaffold is a porous scaffold. It injects antibiotics, cells, and polymer particles into damaged cavities in the form of injectables and forms hydrogels after the molecules self-assemble at the injection site. Sports rehabilitation is a new frontier field integrating sports, health, and medicine, also known as physical therapy. It is the use of various sports methods for the injured or disabled, so that they can fully recover their physical functions and spirits, and can make them reintegrate into society. It mainly studies the relationship between sports and health. Among the tissue engineering scaffolds used as seed cell carriers, nanomaterials are playing an increasingly important role in the study of joint injury and repair due to their unique effects such as cell adhesion and proliferation. The purpose of this paper is to study a reliable nanoscaffold material for the treatment of patients with hip injuries in athletes and to observe its actual effect in combination with sports rehabilitation therapy. In this paper, an electrospinning method was proposed to prepare nanoscaffold materials, and the nanoscaffold materials were applied to the exercise rehabilitation process of two groups of hip patients, and the data of the patients’ rehabilitation were calculated. The results showed that the OD value of the cells in the exercise rehabilitation therapy using nanofiber scaffolds increased significantly, and the average daily growth rate of the OD value was 0.112. And the rehabilitation after 5 months was 19.8 points higher in hip range of motion score, 11.3 points higher in overall function score, and 6.2% lower in complication rate compared with ordinary exercise rehabilitation therapy. Therefore, it can be concluded that the therapy of the nanofiber scaffold material combined with exercise rehabilitation can more efficiently help patients with hip joint injury to recover, and the probability of complications is lower compared with the traditional exercise rehabilitation therapy.

Prevention and Treatment of Sports Injuries and Rehabilitative Physical Training of Wushu Athletes.

This paper is aimed at exploring the characteristics of research on prevention and treatment of sports injuries and rehabilitation physical training of Wushu athletes. It also considers the application of rehabilitation physical training in the rehabilitation of Wushu athletes. By searching literature, conducting questionnaires, and combining mathematical statistics, it studies the injury prevention and rehabilitation training of Wushu athletes. This paper chooses the level of first class and above of sports, and a total of 50 elite male and female Wushu athletes were systematically trained as subjects of study. Athletes, aged 15 to 20 years, were trained for 2 to 5 years, 35 male athletes and 15 female athletes. Different from traditional rehabilitation therapy, athletes' physical rehabilitation training is also different from traditional sports rehabilitation treatment. By evaluating the physical condition of athletes, the causes of sports injuries were analyzed, to formulate special rehabilitation training programs and carry out athletes' rehabilitation training targeted and purposeful. Record the experimental data and analyze the experimental results. The experimental results show that physical rehabilitation training can make athletes avoid the influence of unsafe factors of sports injury, improve the safety of training, and effectively prevent sports injury. The experimental results show that physical rehabilitation training combined with rehabilitation medicine has obvious advantages, which can make Wushu athletes recover quickly without sequelae.

Research Progress on the Brain Effect Mechanism of Tai Chi Chuan Training

As a traditional exercise rehabilitation therapy in China, Tai Chi Chuan can improve the excitability of the nervous system and the ability to regulate brain functional activities. This paper summarizes the research from domestic and foreign of the brain effect mechanism of Tai Chi Chuan training, and mainly explores the effects of Tai Chi Chuan on the brainwave signal, electroencephalogram (EEG) signal (P300/N400, etc.), cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood oxygen and brain structure, brain structure and functional network using various technologies such as electroencephalo-graphy, ultrasound doppler detection, functional near infrared, and magnetic resonance imaging, which found that Tai Chi Chuan modulate different signal characteristics in multiple brain areas, providing preliminary evidence for the brain effect mechanism. Tai Chi Chuan training contributes to the improvement of attention, and the control of attention during training may be related to the regulation of α wave rhythm and activity of cerebral cortex. After Tai Chi Chuan training, the latency of P300 and N400 is shortened, and the ability of resource allocation, information processing and word processing is improved, so as to improve the capacity and resources of brain perception information. Tai Chi Chuan can improve the neuroendocrine regulation function, promote the activity of metabolic enzymes, reduce blood lipids and improve cerebral blood flow velocity. Cross-sectional studies of Tai Chi Chuan based on resting state functional MRI found that Tai Chi Chuan modulated the the brain network which is significantly associated with the training experience and the protection of cognitive function. Longitudinal studies found that Tai Chi Chuan improved the cognitive function related to the regulation of the brain structure and function of cognitive neural circuits. The study of task-state functional MRI showed that Tai Chi Chuan had a regulatory effect on the brain regions and networks which was related to memory and executive function processing. In addition, other studies showed that long-term Tai Chi Chuan training not only had plasticity changes on brain functional network, but also had plasticity changes on the volume of brain gray matter and white matter morphology. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, Tai Chi Chuan training was found improving executive function to be associated with the prefrontal lobe regulation. However, there are still some limitations in the present researches such as the small sample size, monomodal brain imaging, the lack of longitudinal/long-term follow-up study and lack of dose-effect relationship study, etc. Tai Chi Chuan has obtained preliminary results in the research of brain plasticity, which provides effective reference for subsequent research. In future research, multi-center, large sample and multi-modal combination will be needed to verify the current research results and further explore the brain effect related mechanisms of Tai Chi Chuan.

Nanomaterials Combined with Sports Rehabilitation Therapy in the Treatment of Shoulder Arthritis of Volleyball Players

Shoulder arthritis is one of the most common injuries of professional volleyball players. It needs shoulder force to buckle, block, and bounce, which leads to frequent shoulder injuries. In addition, the late rehabilitation treatment is not in place, which will seriously affect the performance of volleyball players’ skills. Periarthritis of the shoulder is referred to as frozen shoulder, commonly known as congealed shoulder and fifty shoulder. The shoulder pain gradually develops, worse at night, and gradually increases, and the shoulder joint movement function is limited and increasingly aggravated. After reaching a certain level, it gradually relieves and finally fully recovers as the main manifestations of the shoulder joint capsule and its surrounding ligaments and tendons. Shoulder periarthritis is a common condition in which shoulder pain and inconvenience are the main symptoms. This paper studies the application of nanomaterials combined with sports rehabilitation therapy in the treatment of shoulder arthritis of volleyball players. We selected 50 volleyball players with shoulder arthritis injuries, randomly assigned nanomaterials combined with sports rehabilitation therapy as the experimental group and traditional sports rehabilitation therapy as the control group, 25 cases in each group. The experimental group was treated with nanomaterials combined with sports rehabilitation, while the control group was treated with traditional sports recovery methods for 5 weeks. Nanomaterials have a certain uniqueness. When the scale of matter is small to a certain extent, quantum mechanics must be used instead of traditional mechanics to describe its behavior. When the particle size of the powder is reduced from 10 microns to 10 nanometers, its particle size is 1000 times, and when converted into volume, it will be 10 times the 9th power, so there will be obvious differences in the behavior of the two. The physical examination of the two groups of volleyball players’ shoulder joint visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score and shoulder joint isokinetic detection (including shoulder joint extension and adduction, shoulder joint flexion and extension, and shoulder joint movement to 90° shape) is compared. The results showed that the VAS score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P &lt; 0.05 ), and the isokinetic test of the experimental group was better than that of the control group ( P &lt; 0.05 ). After exercise rehabilitation training for shoulder joint dysfunction, the average strength and activation of 10 muscles were improved, among which the lower trapezius, the middle trapezius, and the serratus anterior were significantly improved. It can be seen that as an effective treatment of shoulder arthritis, nanomaterials combined with sports rehabilitation therapy can not only accelerate the rapid recovery of volleyball players after injury but also effectively prevent the occurrence of arthritis symptoms, so that volleyball players can give full play to their skills on the court.

Developing an Intervention and Evaluation Model of Outdoor Therapy for Employee Burnout: Unraveling the Interplay Between Context, Processes, and Outcomes.

BackgroundBurnout is a major societal issue adversely affecting employees’ health and performance, which over time results in high sick leave costs for organizations. Traditional rehabilitation therapies show suboptimal effects on reducing burnout and the return-to-work process. Based on the health-promoting effects of nature, taking clients outdoors into nature is increasingly being used as a complementary approach to traditional therapies, and evidence of their effectiveness is growing. Theories explaining how the combination of general psychological support and outdoor-specific elements can trigger the rehabilitation process in outdoor therapy are often lacking, however, impeding its systematic research.AimThe study aims to develop an intervention and evaluation model for outdoor therapy to understand and empirically evaluate whether and how such an outdoor intervention may work for rehabilitation after burnout.Methodological ApproachWe build on the exemplary case of an outdoor intervention for rehabilitation after burnout, developed by outdoor clinical psychologists in Netherlands. We combined the generic context, process, and outcome evaluation model and the burnout recovery model as an overarching deductive frame. We then inductively specified the intervention and evaluation model of outdoor therapy, building on the following qualitative data: semi-structured interviews with outdoor clinical psychologists and former clients; a content analysis of the intervention protocol; and reflective meetings with the intervention developers and health promotion experts.ResultsWe identified six key outdoor intervention elements: (1) physical activity; (2) reconnecting body and mind; (3) nature metaphors; (4) creating relationships; (5) observing natural interactions; and (6) experiential learning. The results further showed that the implementation of these elements may facilitate the rehabilitation process after burnout in which proximal, intermediate, and distal outcomes emerge. Finally, the results suggested that this implementation process depends on the context of the therapist (e.g., number of clients per day), therapy (e.g., privacy issues), and of the clients (e.g., affinity to nature).ConclusionThe intervention and evaluation model for outdoor therapy shows how key outdoor intervention elements may contribute to the rehabilitation process after burnout. However, our model needs to be further tested among a larger group of clients to empirically evaluate whether and how outdoor therapy can support rehabilitation.

Low-intensity laser irradiation in the rehabilitation of patients after radical surgical or combined treatment for head and neck tumors

Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser radiation in the complex rehabilitation of patients with head and neck tumors after radical surgical treatment as well as to assess the influence of the discussed treatment on the quality of their life.Material and methods. 134 patients with head and neck cancer aged 23–78 years (mean age – 54.24 ± 12.7 years ) were taken into the study. There were 39 (29.1 %) men and 95 (70.9 %) women. All patients were divided into three groups. In Group 1 (n = 45), patients received traditional rehabilitation treatment (physical exercises, massage, medication); in Group 2 (n = 45), patients had a course of traditional rehabilitation plus low-level laser therapy (LLLT); in Group 3 (n = 44), patients had only several LLLT courses as rehabilitation therapy. For laser therapy, laser device “Azor 2K-02” (laser hazard of class II, GOST 12.1.040-83) was used.Results. During the treatment, most of the patients noted early disappearance or noticeable decrease in pain and numbness intensity at the site of the surgical; skin sensitivity and increase of the muscular tone in the shoulder girdle and upper limb at the site of the surgical were restored as well. The most pronounced regression of complaints after rehabilitation therapy was observed in patients who had LLLT in combination with other rehabilitative measures.Conclusion. Radical surgical or combined treatment of patients with malignant tumors of head and neck causes functional disorders of tissues and organs at the site of treatment. Rehabilitation therapy with LLLT in red and/or infrared spectrum range ensures adequate restoration of impaired functions what improves the quality of life of such patients.

Ankle Rehabilitation Robotic Platform. Part B: Possible Constructive Solutions

Traditional rehabilitation therapies use simple devices such as elastic bands and foam rollers. They also require the constant presence of a therapist. Rehabilitation exercises are long-lasting, repetitive and require effort from both the patient and the therapist. To counteract these disadvantages, high-performance robotic systems can be used for a complete recovery of the joint. However, the implementation of therapy assisted by robotic systems at the level of recuperative institutions is difficult, due to their high costs. Hence, the need to carry out research, in order to develop platforms with low cost, but with high functionality, which allow a complete recovery of the ankle joint, but also the monitoring of the patient's progress. Although the current literature notes a multitude of systems used in medical recovery, it can be said that at the moment there is no system that fully satisfies the patient's need for recovery and that does not face the previously mentioned technical problems. Consequently, the conception, development and implementation of rehabilitation platforms, adaptable to the patient's needs, are justified and will be the object of study of this work. In this paper, authors presented their work on the design of different constructive solutions of ankle rehabilitation platforms with two basis kinematics.

Impact of Virtual Reality-Based Therapies on Cognition and Mental Health of Stroke Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BackgroundStroke remains one of the major chronic illnesses worldwide that health care organizations will need to address for the next several decades. Individuals poststroke are subject to levels of cognitive impairment and mental health problems. Virtual reality (VR)-based therapies are new technologies used for cognitive rehabilitation and the management of psychological outcomes.ObjectiveThis study performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of VR-based therapies on cognitive function and mental health in patients with stroke.MethodsA comprehensive database search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Cochrane Library, and APA PsycINFO databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that studied the effects of VR on patients with stroke. We included trials published up to April 15, 2021, that fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The literature was screened, data were extracted, and the methodological quality of the included trials was assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 894 patients from 23 RCTs were included in our meta-analysis. Compared to traditional rehabilitation therapies, the executive function (standard mean difference [SMD]=0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.06-1.70, P=.03), memory (SMD=1.44, 95% CI=0.21-2.68, P=.02), and visuospatial function (SMD=0.78, 95% CI=0.23-1.33, P=.006) significantly improved among patients after VR intervention. However, there were no significant differences observed in global cognitive function, attention, verbal fluency, depression, and the quality of life (QoL).ConclusionsThe findings of our meta-analysis showed that VR-based therapies are efficacious in improving executive function, memory, and visuospatial function in patients with stroke. For global cognitive function, attention, verbal fluency, depression, and the QoL, further research is required.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021252788; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=252788

The efficacy of 5 rehabilitation treatments after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A network meta-analysis.

Background:The efficacy of traditional rehabilitation, proprioceptive training, and neuromuscular training after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is also controversial. In order to help medical staff better choose the rehabilitation treatment plan after ACL reconstruction, we conducted this network meta-analysis.Methods:Chinese and English databases such as Wanfang, Weipu, China Zhiwang, and PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase were retrieved. We collected clinical controlled trial papers on traditional rehabilitation therapy, proprioceptive training and neuromuscular training after ACL reconstruction for meta-analysis.Results:In this meta-analysis, 12 studies were included, including 486 patients who received rehabilitation treatment after ACL reconstruction. Based on network meta-analysis, it was found that 4 groups of direct comparison and 6 groups of indirect comparison were formed for 5 rehabilitation treatment schemes after ACL reconstruction. The curative effect of traditional rehabilitation training combined with proprioception training is better than that of traditional rehabilitation training (mean difference value of traditional rehabilitation training combined with proprioception training vs traditional rehabilitation training was 8.00, 95% confidence interval: 2.61,13.39). The efficacy of proprioceptive training is better than that of traditional rehabilitation training (mean difference value of proprioceptive training vs traditional rehabilitation training is 11.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.62,21.39). There was no statistical significance between the other rehabilitation trainings. According to the surface under cumulative ranking curve, the therapeutic effects of the 5 rehabilitation treatment programs after ACL reconstruction were ranked as follows: proprioceptive training (72%) > traditional rehabilitation training combined with neuromuscular training (70.8%) > traditional rehabilitation training combined with proprioception training (57.1%) > neuromuscular training (45.5%) > traditional rehabilitation training (4.6%). No publication bias was found in the funnel plot.Conclusion:Combined with the results of meta-analysis and surface under cumulative ranking efficacy sequence diagram, it can be seen that traditional rehabilitation training combined with proprioceptive training and traditional rehabilitation training combined with neuromuscular training have significant efficacy. Due to the limitations of this study, the conclusions of this network meta-analysis still need to be further confirmed by a large sample size and well-designed randomized controlled trials.

Comparison of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Vs Traditional Rehabilitation Therapy to Improve Upper Limb Function in Hemiplegic Acute and Subacute Stroke Patients

Background: Stroke is a generic term in use to describe the sudden interruption of blood flow to the part of brain, resulting loss of brain function. A stroke may be also known as cerebrovascular accident. Cerebrovascular accident which defines as pathology in which brain disease occurs secondary to disorders of blood supply of brain. It is essential to know about the magnitude of impact of stroke globally. Aim: To determine effectiveness of constraint induced movement therapy and comparing its efficacy to traditional rehabilitation in acute and sub-acute stroke survivors exhibiting upper limb hemiplegia Methodology: This was a randomized clinical trial study, conducted in Lahore in which eighteen stroke patients had participated. Current study includes MAL and WMFT questionnaire in it and sample size was 18. Patients were treated 4 times a week and unaffected limb was constrained for two hours in therapy session and onwards to 10 hours to motivate the use of effected limb. Readings were taken weekly and patients were reassessed by using MAL and WMFT. CIMT treatment protocol consists of 3 or 4 month of daily intensive training of the affected extremity for 2 hours in association with restriction of the non-affected extremity for 10 hours a day. Group B: Traditional rehabilitation therapy used Sling (shoulder immobilizer) made of poly urethane material. Hair brush, cup, marbles, cards, blocks, tissue paper, cones, Swiss ball, dexterity board. Results: Statistical analysis was set at p ≤ 0.05. huge and direct to vast impacts existed on WMFT (P=0.010) noteworthy and direct to extensive impacts existed When p-value is not as much as the foreordained importance level which is frequently 0.05 or 0.01, showing that the watched results would be profoundly impossible under the alternate theory. In this way, the alternate hypothesis was supported. Subsequently null hypothesis is rejected and alternate hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion: This study concluded that the patients who were treated with CIMT showed remarkable change in upper extremity functions. While patients who were treated with traditional rehabilitation therapy they exhibited less change in their functional activities than Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy. Keywords: Comparison, traditional rehabilitation therapy, Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) Approaches

Mirror Therapy Rehabilitation for Lower Limb of Acute Stroke Patients

This paper aims to study the effectiveness of mirror therapy (MT) having treated to acute stroke patients. The subjects of 20 acute stroke patients, who possessed the ability to respond to verbal instructions were randomly blinded and allocated to a control group (n = 10, 59.2 ± 2.28 years) and a mirror group (n = 10, 53.8 ± 6.14 years). Both groups were treated by intervention of traditional rehabilitation therapy comparing with mirror therapy. Intervention of mirror therapy was taken 60 minutes per day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks. Measures of intervention effectiveness were taken before treatment and after treatment by therapist using Brunnstrom stages, Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) lower extremity score and Brunnel Balance Assessment (BBA) balance. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test. The results revealed that, after 12 weeks of treatment, subjects of both groups gained statistically significant improvements in all variables measure (p &lt; 0.05). Having compared with the control group, the participants of the MT group had greater improvement on the FMA score (31.0 ± 1.20 versus 28.7 ± 0.58). MT is inexpensive and easily applicable in conjunction with traditional physiotherapy for home care program. Consequently, MT proves to be an effective approach for rehabilitation of patients with post-acute stroke.

Effect of Traditional Plus Virtual Reality Rehabilitation on Prognosis of Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Virtual reality technology has begun to be gradually applied to clinical stroke rehabilitation. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of traditional plus virtual reality rehabilitation on motor function recovery, balance, and activities of daily living in stroke patients. Studies published in English before October 2020 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. This study used RevMan 5.3 software for meta-analysis. A total of 21 randomized controlled trials were included, which enrolled 619 patients. Traditional plus virtual reality rehabilitation is better than traditional rehabilitation in upper limb motor function recovery measured by Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (mean difference = 3.49, 95% confidence interval = 1.24 to 5.73, P = 0.002) and manual dexterity assessed by Box and Block Test (mean difference = 6.59, 95% confidence interval = 3.45 to 9.74, P < 0.0001). However, there is no significant difference from traditional rehabilitation in activities of daily living assessed by Functional Independence Measure (mean difference = 0.38, 95% confidence interval = -0.26 to 1.02, P = 0.25) and balance assessed by Berg Balance Scale (mean difference = 2.18, 95% confidence interval = -0.35 to 4.71, P = 0.09). Traditional plus virtual reality rehabilitation therapy is an effective method to improve the upper limb motor function and manual dexterity of patients with limb disorders after stroke, and immersive virtual reality rehabilitation treatment may become a new option for rehabilitation after stroke.