Traditional Push Research Articles

The Use of Spiral Cement Injector for Percutaneous Vertebroplasty to Treat Kümmell Disease: A Retrospective Study

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a common method used to treat Kümmell disease. In patients without neurologic symptoms, we sought to evaluate whether using the new spiral injectors instead of the traditional push-rod injectors in PVP can result in improved clinical efficacy for the treatment of Kümmell disease. A clinical retrospective study was conducted between August 2018 and December 2020. The study included patients diagnosed with single-level thoracolumbar Kümmell disease who underwent PVP surgery. The patients were divided into 2 groups: an observation group consisting of 53 patients treated with spiral injectors and a control group consisting of 68 patients treated with push-rod injectors. A 2-year follow-up period was adopted. The bone cement injection volume and occurrence of bone cement leakage were significantly greater in the observation group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The observation group had significantly shorter operation time and intraoperative fluoroscopy times compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The scores for the visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index in both groups were significantly lower at 3 days or 3 months and 2 years after surgery compared with before surgery, with the scores at 2 years after surgery being significantly lower than those at 3 days or 3 months for both groups (P < 0.05). The relative anterior ledge height and Cobb angle showed significant improvement at 3 days and 2 years after surgery compared with before surgery in both groups (P < 0.05), but patients in the observation group experienced substantial improvement at 3 days and 2 years after surgery compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). In both groups, the relative anterior ledge height was noticeably lower 2 years after surgery compared with 3 days after surgery (P < 0.05). Concurrently, there was a significant increase in the local Cobb angle over time in both groups (P < 0.05). The implementation of both spiral injectors and traditional push-rod injectors in PVP surgery yields effective pain relief, improved function, partially restored vertebral height, and corrected kyphosis in treating Kümmell disease. Compared with the push-rod injector, the spiral injector is highly efficient in restoring vertebral height, correcting kyphosis, and minimizing fluoroscopy use and operation time, but it carries a greater risk of bone cement leakage.

Modified Active-Clamped Current-Fed DC–DC Push–Pull Converter

This work presents a modified version of the current-fed dc–dc push–pull converter associated with an active clamping circuit for mitigating voltage spikes on the primary-side switches. Unlike the traditional push–pull topology, saturation due to asymmetrical gating signals applied to the active switches is not likely to occur in the high-frequency transformer because the converter allows for connecting a blocking capacitor in series with the primary winding. In addition, the leakage inductance will not cause high voltage spikes on the primary-side semiconductors owing to the clamping capacitors. Since all active switches operate under the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) condition, one can obtain a high efficiency over a wide load range when comparing the structure with its hard-switching counterpart. Experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype rated at 1 kW are presented and discussed to validate the theoretical claims.

Typology of International Migration in Globalization Challenges for Realizing Bangladeshi Migrant Worker’s Rights and Their Contribution to Social Development

Purposive movement of people in a global era that sense may term international migration where the interaction of global and local networks takes place in various forms. The globalizing economy is one of the prime forces behind migration where the traditional push and pull factors have been amplified as “glocal” interaction. Conversely, the term globalization may be used to refer to a set of processes that are thought to transfer or exchange social, political, economic, and cultural conditions in another nation-state spontaneously. The present diasporic societies make it easier for the migrant to find such thing as shelter and work at the same time remittance to their home country have become an increasingly significant factor in globalization and the economies of many home countries. The international population movement bolsters the economies of individual families and the state at large by selling their labor through the different typologies of international migration such as permanent migrant settler, migrant student, refugee and asylum seeker, undocumented migrants, and migrant workers. Employment Abroad Bangladesh began exporting its labor force in 1976 to the present mentioning the migrant worker categories, short terms migrant, skilled, semi-skilled, and inept are regularized to exchange their human capital for earning foreign currency. Empirical research studies have been conducted on international migration along with qualitative research methods applied for tracing the present scenario with the study of taken initiatives of Bangladesh government for the importance of labor migration in our national economy. As other finding shows that overseas skilled and semi-skilled migrants were a good number in 2000 then it kept increasing, In the continuous process, our trained employees increased by 36,025 in 2001 and in 2002 it raised to 56,265. Thus, in 2003, 74,530 skilled workers moved, and the number of semi-skilled laborers increased by 29,236 from 2005 to 2007. In 2007, remittances earned by foreign workers totaled $6.568 billion. The Ministry of Expatriates’ Welfare and Overseas Employment of Bangladesh reported that annual remittances transferred to our basket were almost $22.1 billion in 2021, the seventh highest in the world and the third highest in South Asia. In other words, it is the flow of funds associated with immigration though the current net migration rate for Bangladesh in 2022 is -2.113 per 1000 population, a 2.18% decline from 2021. This article aims to show different types of migration in the holistic spectrum of economic globalization concerning migrant workers of Bangladesh and their contribution through remittance to our economy and society, and also, analyze the role of local and international organizations on labor migration policies, especially those that normalize to exchange of migrant workers in Bangladesh.

The Baltics Countries as New Directions of Migration from Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Tajikistan

The Baltic countries simultaneously act as a region of origin, destination and transit of migrants. The main flows of immigrants in these countries are formed from citizens of post-Soviet countries. The article attempts to comprehensively consider the process of population migration from Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Tajikistan to the Baltic countries. This topic is not sufficiently reflected in the scientific bibliography, despite the fact that in recent years there has been a tendency for an increase in the flow of migrants from these countries towards the Baltic countries. The migration of the population to the Baltic countries is due to the traditional push and pull factors that are characteristic of the migration movements of the population of the countries under study. The main push motive for migration movements to the Baltic countries is economic reasons, despite the fact that in recent years migration has also been caused by political factors. Based on the statistical data of the Eurostat portal, the types and trends of migration are described. These are: the rapid growth of immigrants from the studied countries to the Baltic countries (especially in Lithuania), low opportunities for immigrants to acquire citizenship, the Baltic countries attracting students from the studied countries (especially Lithuania), an increase in the number of asylum seekers. The intensity of the migration process of the considered countries with the Baltic countries depends on several factors. These are the population size of both sending and receiving countries, the distance between countries, the political and socio-economic situation in the sending countries, the immigration policy of the receiving countries, and the state of bilateral relations between the Baltic countries and the considered countries. The governments of the Baltic States generally pursue a restrained migration policy. The adaptation of migrants from Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Tajikistan to the Baltic countries have similar features and are associated with the common historical past of these countries within the Soviet Union, the knowledge of the local population of the Russian language and the residence of Russian-speaking diasporas from the post-Soviet countries in the Baltic countries. The results of the study will be useful to public authorities implementing migration policy in both sending and receiving countries.

The tie-up blues for Vanya’s Dance Planet: A failure case of social media marketing

This case study covers various aspects of social media as an alternative and cost-effective tool of marketing and promotion. The case also highlights the social media promotion tools used by a social media consultancy start-up for a client, and how it failed to achieve desired results. In this world of digitisation, social media marketing is a trend that is prevalent across the globe. Social networks have changed the way information is delivered to the customers, shifting from traditional push marketing to pull marketing. Entrepreneurs are using social media marketing to promote their product or services by this they can not only promote their venture but at the same time efficiently utilise their marketing budget. Vanya’s Dance Planet is such an organisation which used social media marketing to reach out to its target prospective customers. It required structured planning, professional knowledge about various social media platforms, and creative writing skills to post content on these platforms. The consultant organisation We4U planned and executed the social media campaigns for Vanya’s Dance Planet getting professional help from social media consultancy start-ups which can be a wise decision for some entrepreneurial ventures. But sometimes these professional tie-ups would end up with loss of time, money and trust. This case study deliberates upon such a fallout.

Comparison of Muscle Activation between Traditional, Diamond and Knuckle Push Up Among Trained Men

This study was conducted to compare the muscle activation during traditional, diamond and knuckle push up among trained men. Thirty men that had at least one year experience in fitness training involved as participants in this study. Participants were required to perform all the three kinds of push up in a randomised order to avoid bias effects in exercise order. Electromyography method was used to obtain the pectoralis major, triceps brachii and anterior deltoid muscle activation. Muscle activation was reported as percentages of maximal voluntary contraction. One way repeated measure analysis of variances (ANOVA) was conducted to compare the muscle activation between the three push up protocols. Results showed that the muscle activation of pectoralis major and anterior deltoid were highest during traditional push up while being the lowest during diamond push up. However, the muscle activation of triceps brachii was highest during diamond push up and lowest during traditional push up. As the conclusion, we can see that the position and distance of hands on the floor will give effects on the muscle activation. As the implication of this study, coaches, athletes and individuals can manipulate techniques while performing a movement to obtain more muscle activation to specific muscle of interest during a movement.

Comparison of Muscle Activation between Traditional, Clap and Power Push Up Among Trained Men

This study was conducted to compare the muscle activation during traditional, clap and power push up among trained men. A total of thirty trained men that are physically active and have at least one year experienced in fitness training and having good techniques in push up exercises were recruited as study participants. Participants were required to perform all three types of push up in a randomised order to avoid bias in the exercise sequence. Electromyogram was used to detect the muscle activites of pectoralis major, triceps brachii and anterior deltoids. Muscle activation was reported as percentage of the maximum voluntary contraction value. The results showed that the muscle activation was highest during the clap push up followed by the power push up and traditional push up. As a conclusion, increasing the difficulty by applying plyometric technique during push up give a significant impact in terms of muscle activation in which is believed to be affect the muscle strength and size in long term.

Terrorism and Brain Drain in Pakistan: Is There a Connection?

This study empirically investigates the effect of terrorism and other push and pull factors on the skilled labour out-migration in Pakistan over the time period 1973–2015. The empirical findings based on fully modified ordinary least squares (FM-OLS) technique suggest that the waves of terrorism have not significantly driven the out-migration of skilled labour from Pakistan. Relatively, traditional push factors including inflation, unemployment and rising capital share in gross domestic product (GDP) have remained the major factors behind brain drain from Pakistan. Comparatively, the per capita economic growth, poverty and host and origin country’s emigration policies have curtailed the skilled out-migration. The findings suggest improving socio-economic conditions, increasing GDP per capita and decreasing unemployment and inflation in order to control the out-migration of skilled workers from Pakistan. Besides, the domestic labour market is required to boost the absorption capacity of highly educated and qualified workers in the country by making them more compatible to the existing stock of capital to restrict the brain drain. JEL: F22, F52, J24, C32

Technology-push, demand-pull and endogenous drivers of innovation in the renewable energy industry

This study aims to contribute to the long-standing debate on technology-push versus demand-pull mechanisms to support the creation and diffusion of innovations. We argue that in addition to the traditional push–pull dichotomy, technological change drivers must be differentiated by whether they are exogenous or endogenous to the economic system and must be assessed against their contribution to both the creation and the diffusion of innovation. We apply this perspective to study innovation in the renewable energy (RE) industry in 15 European Union countries. We find that public R&D investments, public policies, and per capita income positively affect either innovation creation or diffusion. However, impacts differ depending on the innovation dimension considered. Economic growth is relatively ineffective at stimulating innovation creation. In contrast, it is a strong driver of RE diffusion with a nonlinear, U-shaped impact that has both a direct cause and an indirect cause. Our findings highlight the importance of deploying diverse policy instruments simultaneously to enhance the effectiveness of clean energy policies.

MUHAFIZ: IoT-Based Track Recording Vehicle for the Damage Analysis of the Railway Track

Fault diagnosis plays a major role in railway condition monitoring, as early diagnosis of the emerging faults can save valuable time, reduce maintenance costs and, most significantly, help save people's lives. However, the conventional data-driven methods used to diagnose track faults, especially in underdeveloped countries, use push trolley/train-based track recording vehicles (TRV) that rely heavily on manual extraction of track data. It is a very demanding process and significantly affects the final results due to its reliance on human judgment in assessing track conditions and its suboptimal performance. In contrast, with the advent of IoT-based smart inertial measurement units, the data-driven fault diagnosis became a core component in the smart industrial automation safety system. We proposed, Muhafiz, a prototype that is an automated and portable TRV with a novel design based on axle-based acceleration methodology for rail track fault diagnosis. Our contribution concluded, based on site-specific experimentation, that Muhafiz is 87% more efficient than the traditional push trolley-based TRV mechanism.

International Migration amid a World in Crisis

Executive Summary This article comprehensively examines international migration trends and policies in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It begins by reviewing migration developments throughout the past 60 years. It then examines pandemic-related migration trends and policies. It concludes with a series of general observations and insights that should guide local, national, regional, and international policymakers, moving forward. In particular, it proposes the following: National measures to combat COVID-19 should include international migrants, irrespective of their legal status, and should complement regional and international responses. Localities, nations, and the international community should prioritize the safe return and reintegration of migrants. States and international agencies should plan for the gradual re-emergence of large-scale migration based on traditional push and pull forces once a COVID-19 vaccine is widely available. States should redouble their efforts to reconcile national border security concerns and the basic human rights of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. States and the international community should accelerate their efforts to address climate-related migration. States of origin, transit, and destination should directly address the challenges of international migration and not minimize them.

Domestic migrations in Spain during its first industrialisation, 1840s–1870s

Using an original microeconomic database with information for around 200,000 individuals, this paper creates new estimates of internal migrations in Spain in a key moment of its economic history. Our analysis shows that internal migrations were not a linear process including both periods of stagnation and also rapid growth, and that the 1850s were a decade of surprising high mobility in the absence of modern transportation. We also conclude that the rise in mobility was geographically asymmetrical with traditional urban centres losing ground against the rise of Madrid and Barcelona. The modernisation of the country also had significant social impacts with the migratory gender gap being significantly reduced prior to 1870. An analysis of the determinants of internal migrations suggests that traditional push and pull factors described by the literature in the early twentieth century seem to be also behind the early migrations of the mid-nineteenth century. The modernisation of the country provided new opportunities in urban areas that, combined with falling transport and information costs, created the perfect conditions for the ‘democratisation’ of long-distance migrations.

How Does the Value of Geolocation Information Vary Across the Purchase Funnel?

This research examines how the value of geolocation information varies at different stages of the purchase decision process. The analysis is based on a large sample of users from a mobile platform that enables firms to send geolocated promotions using two types of technology: beacons or GPS/Wi-Fi. Using push non-geolocated messages as a reference and fully controlling for customer heterogeneity by using customer fixed effects, the overall metrics indicate that beacon geolocated messages are 14% more likely to be redeemed, whereas non-beacon geolocated messages are 10% more likely to be redeemed. The decomposition of the effects reveals that although later stages of the purchase funnel account for an important fraction of the improvements obtained with geolocation, early stages of the purchase process also explain a significant part of the effect. Our results show that geolocation adds value, not only because the promotional content becomes more relevant for consumers when they are closer to stores, but also because it allows to reach consumers who are more willing to receive promotions in the first place. We analyze the role of location types and response times, providing complementary evidence to characterize the effectiveness of geolocated messages. Overall, our analysis contributes to a better understanding of the drivers of the value of geolocation information in mobile advertising, in comparison to traditional push and pull promotions. We discuss the implications of our insights for the design and management of mobile promotions.

Rapid fluid administration: an evaluation of two techniques.

ObjectiveRapid administration of fluid remains a cornerstone in treatment of shock and when caring for trauma patients. A range of devices and technologies are available to hasten fluid administration time. While new devices may optimize fluid delivery times, impact on subjective experience compared to traditional methods is poorly documented. Our study evaluated administration time and provider experience using two unique methods for fluid administration.Materials and methodsProspective comparison of objective and subjective outcomes using a novel infusion device (LifeFlow® Rapid Infuser) and the traditional push–pull syringe method in a simulated model of rapid fluid infusion. Ten paired trials were conducted for each of three intravenous catheter gauges. Providers administered 500 mL of isotonic crystalloid through an intravenous catheter with both LifeFlow and a push–pull device. Administration time was compared between devices using paired t-tests. Participants’ subjective physical demand, effort, pain, and fatigue using each device were recorded using 21-point visual analog scales and compared between devices using sign-rank tests.ResultsFluid administration time was significantly decreased with LifeFlow compared to the push–pull device with the 18-gauge catheter (2.5±0.8 vs 3.8±1.0 minutes; 95% CI of difference: 0.9, 1.8 minutes; P<0.001). Findings were similar for other catheter sizes. No improvements in subjective experience were noted with the LifeFlow device. Increased physical demand with the LifeFlow device was noted with 18 and 22 gauge catheters, and increased fatigue with the LifeFlow device was noted for all catheter sizes.ConclusionThe LifeFlow device was faster than the push–pull syringe method in our simulated scenario. However, provider subjective experience was not improved with the LifeFlow device.

The cyclicality of international public sector borrowing in developing countries: Does the lender matter?

Abstract The paper shows that international government borrowing from multilateral development banks is countercyclical while international government borrowing from private sector lenders is procyclical. The countercyclicality of multilateral development bank (MDB) lending is mostly driven by the behavior of the World Bank (borrowing from regional development banks tends to be acyclical). The paper also shows that MDB lending to Latin America and East Asia is more countercyclical than MDB lending to other regions. Private sector lending is instead procyclical in all developing regions. While the cyclicality of MDB lending does not depend on domestic or international conditions, private lending becomes particularly procyclical in periods of limited global capital flows. By focusing on both borrower and lender heterogeneity, the paper shows that the cyclical properties of international government debt are mostly driven by credit supply shocks. Demand factors appear to be less important drivers of procyclical international government borrowing. The focus on supply and demand factors is different from the traditional push and pull classification, as push and pull factors could affect both the demand and the supply of international government debt.

New Scheduling Algorithm for Mobile Teaching Cloud Resource Push

In order to solve the drawbacks of the traditional message push mechanism in terms of diversity, power consumption, traffic consumption, and message real-time performance, an adaptive scheduling algorithm was designed. Based on the algorithm, an adaptive message push strategy that can dynami-cally allocate message push mode for the terminal was proposed. The exper-imental results showed that this strategy could reduce the power consumption of mobile terminals and save network traffic while adapting to the diversity of terminals. Therefore, it can ensure the real-time performance of messages.

Pengaruh Latihan Traditional Push Up, Plyometric Push Up, dan Incline Push Up Terhadap Kekuatan Otot Lengan, Power Otot Lengan, dan Daya Tahan Otot Lengan

The purpose of this study was to improve the physical performance of arms extracurricular students arm of SMAN 2 Lamongan students who have weaknesses during physical evaluation. Forty healthy students by looking at nutritional status through body mass index (BMI) were selected according to criteria and performed pretest and rankings so that they were included in traditional push up, plyometric push up, incline push up and control group. 30 seconds push up, 60 seconds push up and medicine ball test are used to measure performance improvement. All three groups participated in the study three days a week for six weeks and completed 18 training sessions, at a frequency of 3 sessions per week. The result of paired sample t-test in traditional push-up group showed significant influence on strength and endurance variables, plyometric push up group showed significant influence on strength and power variables, and incline push up group showed significant influence on strength and endurance variables. It was concluded from this research that the training of traditional push up, plyometric push up and incline push up are effective for improving upper body performance.

Labour mobility in the Euroregion Galicia–Norte de Portugal: constraints faced by cross-border commuters

ABSTRACTRemoving barriers to labour mobility is expected to contribute to processes of spatial integration in cross-border regions, by an efficient allocation of labour and consequently a convergence between territories separated by a common border. Nevertheless, despite the de-bordering process within the European Union, administrative, legal and language barriers still hamper cross-border labour mobility, preventing the process of labour market integration. The aim of this paper is to identify obstacles to the mobility of cross-border workers commuting within the Euroregion Galicia–Norte de Portugal. The methodology employed combines the analysis of official data on labour mobility with qualitative data gathered from interviews with cross-border commuters, aimed at finding explanations for the different attitudes towards cross-border mobility inside this Euroregion. While traditional push and pull factors remain relevant in explaining cross-border labour flows, the qualitative information offers new insights into different levels of indifference from cross-border workers. The result is a fragmented labour market where Norte de Portugal is providing low-qualified, low-wage labour, whereas Galicia is contributing with well-paid, qualified labour.

Connectivity as the facilitator of intra‐European student migration

AbstractStudent migration represents the major form of international human capital training and has significant implications for knowledge transfer and economic development, but its highly uneven geography remains relatively underresearched. This paper addresses two gaps in the research literature. First, it provides a temporal perspective by analysing intra‐European tertiary student exchange in three subperiods, within the time frame of 1998–2012, capturing both continuities and major changes in the strong polarisation of intra‐European student exchanges against a backdrop of significant institutional changes in Europe. Alongside the dominant polarisation, there is also regionalisation of exchange within some parts of Europe. Second, the determinants of the changing spatial concentration of international human capital training are analysed in terms of not only traditional migration push–pull factors but also connectivity. The findings indicate that connectivity factors, such as language and/or spatial proximity, and established flows of labour, trade, and knowledge are the most significant determinants and underpin the persistent stability in the polarisation of exchange. In contrast, traditional push–pull factors, such as income and employment differentials or differences in tertiary education quality and investment, are less important.

Study on the Method of Generating Paper Pattern by Clothing Fit Customization

At present, people's demand for clothing fit is getting higher and higher. How to quickly and accurately generate clothing in line with the customer has always been the focus of the study. This paper mainly introduces the present technology of customizing the pattern generation of garment fit. Mainly including: based on the traditional push plate technology to modify the template; clothing pattern generation technology based on Artificial Intelligence; 3D digital clothing directly unfolds into a clothing pattern technology and parametric plate technology.