Traditional Production Techniques Research Articles

Predicting Livestock Farmers’ Attitudes towards Improved Sheep Breeds in Ahar City through Data Mining Methods

Sheep breeding is one of the most important economic activities in Ahar City, Iran. However, due to traditional production techniques, livestock farmers face the problem of low productivity. To address this issue, traditional breeds can be replaced with improved and high-yielding ones; in the first stage, this requires the acceptance of these new sheep breeds by the region’s ranchers. This research aimed to evaluate the attitudes of the livestock breeders of Ahar City towards the improved breeds of sheep and the influential factors. We collected data through in-person interviews using a simple random sampling method, surveying 100 sheep breeders in Ahar. The breeders were categorized into three groups based on their attitudes towards improved breeds: negative, indifferent, and positive. Next, we employed data mining-based methods, including multilayer perceptron neural networks, random forest, and random tree algorithms. These helped identify essential variables affecting ranchers’ attitudes. The results showed that several factors contribute to the ranchers’ philosophy, with the number of sheep sold in the past year and the total sheep ownership being the most significant ones. Comparing statistical evaluation criteria, we found that the random tree algorithm outperformed other methods in predicting and classifying livestock farmers, achieving a prediction accuracy rate of 86% for a sample of 100 farmers. Based on our findings, promoting training courses and raising awareness about the benefits of breeding new sheep breeds, along with providing facilities and credits based on economic conditions, can foster a positive attitude among herders. Increasing the number of sheep owned and improving marketing strategies can further enhance this positive outlook.

The Analysis of Croissants, Lovely Bread from Lovely Heart Students at Politeknik Pariwisata Bali

This research aims to study the experience of making croissant pastries. It is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Qualitative research methods are geared towards gaining a profound understanding of phenomena from the viewpoint of the subjects involved. These methods, such as depth interviews, participant observation, and literature review, are commonly used. Depth interviews delve into comprehensive discussions with respondents to grasp their perspectives thoroughly, while participant observation involves direct engagement to comprehend the dynamics of a situation. Meanwhile, literature review examines pertinent sources to grasp the existing knowledge regarding croissants, alongside the obstacles and prospects for their advancement. In summary, croissants are cherished for their delectable taste, adaptability, and appeal to younger consumers. Their adherence to traditional production techniques, French heritage, and strict quality control measures underscore their authenticity and widespread adoration. With their capacity to cater to varied preferences and visually striking appearance, croissants remain a beloved pastry enjoyed and crafted by many.

ATPSpin: A Single Microfluidic Platform that Produces Diversified ATPS-Alginate Microfibers.

Microfluidic spinning is emerging as a useful technique in the fabrication of alginate fibers, enabling applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and disease diagnostics. In this paper, by capitalizing on the benefits of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) to produce diverse alginate fiber forms, we introduce an ATPS-Spinning platform (ATPSpin). This ATPS-enabled method efficiently circumvents the rapid clogging challenges inherent to traditional fiber production techniques by regulating the interaction between alginate and cross-linking agents like Ba2+ ions. By varying system parameters under the guidance of a regime map, our system produces several fiber forms─solid, hollow, and droplet-filled─consistently and reproducibly from a single device. We demonstrate that the resulting alginate fibers possess distinct features, including biocompatibility. We also encapsulate HEK293 cells in the microfibers as a proof-of-concept that this versatile microfluidic fiber generation platform may have utility in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

Cultural and historical significance of the traditional attire of the Far East

This article examines the cultural and historical significance of national costumes of the Far East. Different countries of the Far East are distinguished by their rich and diverse cultural heritage. National costumes are an important part of this heritage. These clothes are not only items of clothing, but also symbols that reflect many important issues such as history, aesthetics, identity and social order. National costumes of the Far East are often made using traditional textile materials. Natural materials such as silk, cotton and linen are important as a reflection of craftsmanship and traditional production techniques, in addition to using the natural resources of the region. These clothes give aesthetic richness by being decorated with patterns, colors and accessories. Historically, the national costumes of the Far East have traces of the past. These clothes are historical documents that reflect the social status, classes and occupations of the past. For example, the Japanese "kimono" is filled with symbols used to denote the age, gender, and season of the wearer. The traditional Chinese "qipao" has the function of showing the nobility of the wearer. These national costumes are also important symbols that reflect the cultural identity of the region. They emphasize the wearer's belonging and social identity. They create a bond between individuals and communities, especially when worn at events such as national holidays, weddings and formal ceremonies. They also play an important role in preserving cultural heritage and passing it on to future generations.

Nisin Production from Waste: A Review

Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by microbial fermentation of the well-known starter culture for dairy products, Lactococcus lactis. A major challenge in food safety and security is the prevention of the emergence of unwanted microbes. Artificial preservatives added to prolong the shelf life of foods may have negative effects on consumer health. An alternative approach is to use bio-preservatives. However, the cost of production of nisin is relatively higher than other chemical-based alternatives, because of which it has low marketability. Traditional production techniques are expensive and harmful to the environment. This review investigates sustainable alternatives employing waste products as fermentation substrates, including whey, corn stover, cane molasses, soya-bean cake, bean pulp and mussel processing waste. These eco-friendly strategies minimize negative environmental effects while providing resource and cost-efficient solutions. This review demonstrates the possibility for India to become self-sufficient in nisin production and reduce reliance on imports by emphasizing waste-to-value techniques. Keywords: Nisin, Bio-preservatives, Waste-to-value, Sustainable, Eco-friendly

Nursery Production Method Influences Growth of Hickories

Abstract Hickories (Carya Nutt.) include multiple stately, native trees that offer ornamental features and site adaptability. Immense interest exists in effectively producing these trees, however, due to their lag-phase shoot growth and strong development of a taproot with minimal fibrous-root branching, these trees exhibit resistance to standard growing techniques and are purportedly difficult to transplant successfully. New commercial products such as modified nursery containers are touted as better alternatives to traditional production techniques. If these new products are effective, they provide new opportunities for developing hickory crops for nursery production. We questioned whether traditional field-grown production, above-ground containers, or above-ground bags could be used to effectively grow bare-root whips of hickories and northern pecan. When differences between treatments occurred, growth was generally greatest with plants grown in above-ground bags, followed by above-ground container-grown plants, and lowest with field-grown plants. Species differences were detected, indicating not all species of Carya should be treated identically in the nursery. Additional factors such as unusual nutritional deficiencies of container-grown stock were encountered, suggesting some Carya species may exhibit unique requirements in the nursery. Species used in this study: bitternut hickory [Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]; pecan [C. illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]; kingnut hickory [C. laciniosa (F. Michx.) Loudon]; and shagbark hickory [C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch].

Proof-of-concept studies of novel protocols for producing highly pure 48V from a 48Cr/48V generator

The quest to improve the quality of nuclear data, such as half-lives, transition yields, and reaction cross-sections, is a shared endeavor among various areas of nuclear science. 48V is a vanadium isotope for which experimental data on neutron reaction cross-sections is needed. However, traditional isotope production techniques cannot produce 48V with high enough isotopic purity for some of these measurements. “Isotope harvesting” at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) is a new isotope production technique that could potentially yield 48V with the necessary purity for such studies. In this case, 48Cr would be collected and allowed to generate 48V that can be separated from undecayed 48Cr to yield highly pure 48V. Thus, any protocol for producing pure 48V via isotope harvesting would involve utilizing a separation technique that can effectively separate 48Cr and 48V. In this study, the radiotracers 51Cr and 48V were used to develop possible radiochemical separation methodologies, which can be translated to obtain high purity 48V via this novel isotope production method. The developed protocols utilize either ion exchange or extraction chromatographic resins. Separations of 51Cr and 48V with AG 1-X8 anion exchange resin respectively resulted in recoveries of 95.6(26)% and 96.2(12)% with radionuclidic purities of 92(2)% and 99(1)%. An even more effective Cr and V separation was obtained with an extraction chromatographic resin (TRU resin) and 10 M HNO3 loading solution. Here, 51Cr and 48V respectively had recoveries of 94.1(28)% and 96.2(13)% with high radionuclidic purities (100(2)% and 100(1)%) in small volumes (8.81(8) mL and 5.39(16) mL). This study suggests that, to maximize the yield and isotopic purity of 48V, the best production protocol would involve utilizing two separations with TRU resin and 10 M HNO3 to isolate 48Cr and purify the generated 48V.

GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION AND GASTRONOMY TOURISM IN THE CASE OF KAYSERİ BÜNYAN AND AKKIŞLA GİLABURUSU (GUELDER-ROSE)

Gastronomi turizmi kapsamında, bir yöreye özgü, yerel nitelikli yiyecek ve içeceklere turistlerin ilgisi oldukça fazladır. Bu nedenle yöresel mutfak kültürünün korunarak gelecek nesillere aktarılmasını ve gastronomi turizminin sürdürülebilir olmasını sağlayacak çalışmaların gerçekleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Söz konusu bu çalışmalar içinde yöresel ürünlerin coğrafi işaret uygulaması sayesinde koruma altına alınarak tanınırlıklarının artırılması da oldukça büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Gastronomi turizmi açısından özgün yöresel ürünlere sahip olan Kayseri’de, çalı formunda bir bitki meyvesi olan Bünyan gilaburusu (2018) ve Akkışla gilaburusu (2021) coğrafi işaret tescili almış ürünlerdir. Kayseri’nin gastronomi turizminin geliştirilerek sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması konusunda, Bünyan ve Akkışla gilaburusunun üretiminde kullanılan geleneksel üretim tekniklerinin korunması ve gelecek nesillere aktarımı da oldukça önemlidir. Ancak gilaburunun coğrafi işaretli bir ürün olarak gastronomi turizmindeki yeri ve önemini konu edinen çok fazla çalışma ise bulunmamaktadır. Tüm bu noktalardan hareketle makalede; Kayseri Bünyan ve Akkışla Gilaburusu örneğinde coğrafi işaret tescilinin bölgeye, üreticiye ve gastronomi turizmine sağladığı faydaların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda mevcut durum analiz edilmiş ve öneriler ortaya konmuştur.

Significant potential and materials used in additive manufacturing technologies towards sustainability

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has tremendous applications in this decade, which speeding up various design, engineering, and manufacturing processes. AM encompasses 3D Printing, 3D Scanning, and software support for designing, printing, and post-processing. It is helpful to the specific stages of the product development cycle by allowing manufacturers to produce better sustainable products than those previously limited by the limitations of traditional production techniques. This technological platform enables engineers and scientists to develop more robust and lighter functional geometries. It triggers an innovative surge in design. AM allows firms to produce complicated components that could not be produced through conventional technologies. 3D printers speed up tool cycles, improve measures and tests, and deliver customised solutions in every element of the development process. 3D printing lays the material in several layers until the product is manufactured per the requirements. This study provides a quick overview of AM, its substantial benefits, and the various types of AM that have been researched. Materials from the three polymers, ceramics, and metals classes have been utilised in all AM processes. This study also discussed the latest developments, featured AM-based process classes, and identified materials used in AM technologies. The authors have identified and discussed seventeen significant potentials of AM and finally discussed AM's potential for Sustainability. 3D printing offers incredible design flexibility, enabling us to build passageways that enhance performance, giving customers and operations great value. The benefits of AM for sustainability are evident in the manufacturing environment today. Readers should be able to access the knowledge structure of the subject through this study, which will assist them in recognising past research, the most active research clusters, and the strength of research relationships.

Otlu Peynir Örneklerinin Lipoliz ve Proteoliz Değerleri Üzerine Farklı Depolama Koşullarının ve Otların Etkisi

Bu çalışmada, koyun sütünden Sirmo (Allium vineale L.), Mendi (Chaerophyllum macropodum Boiss.) ve Siyabo (Ferula rigidula DC.) otları kullanılarak üretilen Otlu peynirlerin olgunlaşma süresince meydana gelen kimyasal ve biyokimyasal özelliklerindeki değişimler araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Otlu peynir üretiminde hem geleneksel hem de endüstriyel üretim teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Olgunlaşma süresince Otlu peynir örneklerinin bir kısmı vakum ambalajlama yapılarak bir kısmı da salamura içerisinde depolanmıştır. Üretilen peynirlerden depolamanın 2., 30., 60., ve 90. günlerinde örnek alınarak % kurumadde, % toplam azot, % yağ, % tuz, pH, % WSN, % TCA-SN ve % PTA-SN analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, çiğ sütten üretilen Otlu peynirlerin ortalama % yağ, pH, % WSN, % TCA değerlerinin pastörize sütten üretilen Otlu peynirlerden yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, depolama süresi boyunca Otlu peynirlerin ortalama % kül, % WSN, % TCA, % PTA değerlerinin zamana bağlı olarak artış gösterdiği ve salamurada depolanan örneklerin ortalama pH ve % tuz oranının vakum ambalajda depolanan Otlu peynirlerden daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Farklı otlar ilave edilerek üretilen Otlu peynir örneklerinde depolama süresi, ambalaj çeşidi ve üretim tekniklerine bağlı olarak kimyasal ve biyokimyasal özelliklerin değişkenlik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.

The Role of Green Human Resource Management Practices in Driving Green Performance in the Context of Manufacturing SMEs

Organizations around the globe have started to realize the importance of environmental sustainability to achieve long-term success. However, many organizations continue to use traditional production techniques, damaging the environment. To address this issue, this paper aimed to investigate the impact of green human resource management (GHRM) practices on green performance through the mediation of green work climate, green work engagement, and green employee behavior. The extent to which individual green values moderate the relationship between green work climate and green employee behavior was also examined. To meet the objectives, a cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted using simple random sampling, and the data were gathered using structured questionnaires from 390 employees of manufacturing SMEs in Pakistan. The findings of the study supported all the direct and indirect relationships and revealed that the incorporation of GHRM practices in SMEs has performance-enabling effects in terms of achieving green performance. By incorporating the impact of GHRM practices on green performance via mediation–moderation analysis of contemporary green variables in a single research model, the study expands the knowledge base, particularly in the context of SMEs. The study’s unique model and findings provide realistic insights for SMEs to come up with better strategies for greening the environment by ensuring green performance. The findings of the study also provide important implications for academia and practitioners.

Transformation and tensions in the Sri Lankan brassware industry: Lessons for craft industry clusters in the global South

Craft industries in the global south make important contributions to local culture and economic development, yet their organisational dynamics and community development potential are understudied. Moreover, these industries are undergoing rapid change as creative producers adapt to economic liberalisation and globalisation. Focusing on this challenge, this research explores the changing dynamics and economic development potentials of an artistic brassware industry in Kandy, Sri Lanka. The research analyses how key features of the brassware industry including community-specific knowledge and skills, social networking, and identity creation that are tied to long-existing socio-cultural factors such as religion and the caste system are changing. As producers adapt or move away from traditional production techniques and values, the industry has undergone significant change and a resultant downturn. Although not representative of experiences in all global south countries, the findings from this case may contribute to a deeper understanding of craft industries in countries facing similar challenges. • Creative producers adapt to economic liberalisation and globalization. • Community-specific knowledge and skills, social networking, and identity creation. • Research into the specific skills and practices behind craft industries in global south countries is rare. • Niche craft market that combines both tradition and innovation by selectively targeting the growing tourism industry.

Bio-inspired 3D-printed lattice structures for energy absorption applications: A review

The biomimetic approach rapidly evolves for designing novel lightweight structures and has been expanding in engineering design. Additive manufacturing or 3D printing permits three-dimensional parts to be fabricated with an intricacy and quality that might be tough or impossible to appreciate with the present traditional production techniques. With the probabilities and exactitude, 3D printing allows bio-inspired lattice structures from nature that are hypothetically advanced to ingest excellent energy absorption capacity with less material. The combination of additive manufacturing with cellular lattice architectures offers potential design options regarding material utilization, strength, cost, and component weight. A summary of recent advances in the improvement of bio-inspired structures is outlined in this review paper. Specifically, exciting highlights and remarkable mechanical properties of bio-inspired structures of bones, teeth, and dermal layers of creatures might be bio-mimicked to style economical energy absorbers. Researchers and engineers can use this information to create unique designs inspired biologically for the application of absorption energy.

Topology optimization of thin-walled structures with directional straight stiffeners

Continuum topology optimization is a powerful method to find the optimal design of structures. However, it usually leads to complex nonregular configurations of stiffeners for thin-walled structures, which are difficult to manufacture using traditional production techniques. Therefore, this study proposes a novel topology representation and optimization method for thin-walled structures with directional straight stiffeners using the material-field series expansion and multifield superposition. The material field function with an anisotropic correlation is introduced to describe the straight stiffeners in a given direction, and the entire stiffeners’ topology is represented by the superposition of multiple material fields. Moreover, the stiffener's direction can be designed because of the inherent merit of separating the material field and the finite element mesh. The proposed method connects the characteristics of regular shape and topology of directional straight stiffeners into the optimization model without introducing additional manufacturing constraints. The optimization model is effectively solved using a gradient-based optimization algorithm incorporating the design sensitivity information. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate that the proposed method can successfully obtain the optimized topology while being easy to manufacture in stiffened structures design problems.

Numerical prediction on minimum fluidization velocity of a supercritical water fluidized bed reactor: Effect of particle shape

Supercritical water fluidized bed reactor (SCWFBR) is a novel gasification reactor for hydrogen production. Compared with traditional hydrogen production technique, the SCW-based gasification has outstanding advantages such as high hydrogen production efficiency, no emission of gaseous pollutants, low water consumption and strong material adaptability. In this paper, based on Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) simulations, numerical investigation is conducted on the effect of particle aspect ratio (α) on the minimum fluidization velocity (Umf) of a SCWFBR containing cylindrical biomass particles. The coupled CFD-DEM model is firstly validated against previously published experimental data. Then, the Umf for six types of particle shapes are calculated under different working conditions of temperature ranging from 633 to 693 K, pressure ranging from 25 to 27 MPa and α ranging from 1 to 6. Numerical results show that Umf increases with the temperature, but decreases with the pressure. Moreover, Umf is increasing with α. The underlying mechanisms are revealed by investigating the micro-structure of different shaped particles. It is shown that the increase of Umf with α is caused by the weakened fluid-solid interaction force and enhanced inter-particle locking. And the weakened fluid-solid interaction force is mainly due to the increase of the voidage. Finally, a predictive correlation of Umf for the SCWFBR is proposed considering α which demonstrates strong predictive capability for cylindrical particles.

Advanced Design and Fabrication of Islamic Tile Ceramic Wall Tiles With Indonesian Batik Patterns Using Artistic CAD/CAM and 3D Printing Technology

The ceramic tile wall is a decorative element used inside restaurants, museums, hotels, aristocratic residences, and places of worship. It plays a critical role in the development of a structure with strong personality and unique qualities by providing relief patterns specific to history or era. The demand for distinctive ornamental wall ceramics that can be mass produced with precision and accuracy has been a challenge for numerous ceramic enterprises in Indonesia, which have historically relied on the skills of artistic professionals in a handmaking process. The purpose of this research was therefore to develop and apply a ceramic tile design process that integrates computer design and fabrication methods with traditional ceramic production techniques. Using the ArtCAM 2015R2 software, photos of batik and Islamic themes were effectively converted into a 2.5D computer-aided design model. Additive manufacturing technology was then used in conjunction with Objet30 Pro 3D printer to precisely produce master molds with Islamic nuances such as puzzle and floral patterns, then conventional ceramic fabrication technology was employed to produce ceramic tiles using these molds. By combining computer-aided design and rapid prototyping technologies, a variety of exact and detailed Islamic decorative ceramic wall tiles were produced with dimensional accuracies within 2.00 mm. Furthermore, the proposed approach demonstrated a 90% reduction in design-to-production time from to 10–12 months to roughly 1–1.5 months.

Lactobacillus curvatus from fermented sausages as new probiotic functional foods

This research examined in vitro probiotic potential of Lactobacillus curvatus isolates from fermented sausage originating in Southeast Serbia which was prepared using traditional production techniques. Strains of L. curvatus were isolated and identified at the level of species using API 50CHL sets and 16s rDNA sequencing, after which their probiotic potential was measured. The research consisted of the examination of isolate survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract, synthesis of biogenic amines, the growth on the media with different quantities of phenol, antibiotic resistance test, and antimicrobial activity against clinical strains of Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. The examined isolates have shown a good survival rate at low pH in the simulated stomach and small intestine conditions. Synthesis of biogenic amines was exhibited by the isolate sk1-10, which had a positive reaction to histidine. Analyzed isolates grew well on media with 0.1% and 0.2% of phenol, L.curvatus sk1-8 and sk5-2 have grown in media with 0.3% phenol. All tested isolates have exhibited high sensitivity to most analyzed antibiotics (tetracycline, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, penicillin), resistance to ofloxacin, and cephalexin isolates sk4-3a and sk4-15. The examined isolates have shown a broad inhibitory spectrum against pathogens.

Investigation of the Botanical Resource of Traditionally Used Crude Drug : Exploration of Traditional Production Technique of Paeoniae Radix

Investigation of the Botanical Resource of Traditionally Used Crude Drug : Exploration of Traditional Production Technique of Paeoniae Radix

3D-Printed Graphene-Based Bow-Tie Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Ultra-Wideband Applications.

In this study, the effects of graphene and design differences on bow-tie microstrip antenna performance and bandwidth improvement were investigated both with simulation and experiments. In addition, the conductivity of graphene can be dynamically tuned by changing its chemical potential. The numerical calculations of the proposed antennas at 2–10 GHz were carried out using the finite integration technique in the CST Microwave Studio program. Thus, three bow-tie microstrip antennas with different antenna parameters were designed. Unlike traditional production techniques, due to its cost-effectiveness and easy production, antennas were produced using 3D printing, and then measurements were conducted. A very good match was observed between the simulation and the measurement results. The performance of each antenna was analyzed, and then, the effects of antenna sizes and different chemical potentials on antenna performance were investigated and discussed. The results show that the bow-tie antenna with a slot, which is one of the new advantages of this study, provides a good match and that it has an ultra-bandwidth of 18 GHz in the frequency range of 2 to 20 GHz for ultra-wideband applications. The obtained return loss of −10 dB throughout the applied frequency shows that the designed antennas are useful. In addition, the proposed antennas have an average gain of 9 dBi. This study will be a guide for microstrip antennas based on the desired applications by changing the size of the slots and chemical potential in the conductive parts in the design.

Economics of palm oil production in Nsukka Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria

With the increasing technological advancement and adoption in palm production, this study examined the economic viability of palm oil production in Nsukka Local Government Area (LGA) of Enugu state. Specifically, the study determined the socioeconomic characteristics of palm oil producers, different production techniques adopted, costs and return and the constraints that mitigate palm oil production of the farmers. Primary data were collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire from 50 palm oil producers selected randomly from the population. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and gross margin model. In addition to the use of traditional production techniques, producers were identified to be using machine for their production (modern technique) and a combination of both. The gross margin analysis showed that the enterprise is viable and profitable. The study identified inaccessibility of palm fruits, high cost of harvesting, unavailability of human labour, and long duration of processing as the major constraints to palm oil production. The study recommended among others that producers need to form groups in other to be able to purchase modern machines as this will help in their production and also improve the rural infrastructures as it will help to reduce the transportation and the high cost of production challenges faced by farmers especially palm oil farmers/producers in Nsukka LGA of Enugu State.