Traditional Principles Research Articles

The Role of Qawā’id Fiqhiyyah in Strengthening Waqf Law: A Review of Challenges and Solutions in Indonesia

The article addresses the various challenges that waqf (Islamic endowment) law faces in Indonesia. It specifically investigates how the application of Qawā'id Fiqhiyyah (principles of Islamic jurisprudence) can enhance waqf law considering obstacles such as public ignorance about waqf, inadequate legal frameworks, and the necessity for effective management strategies to improve the productivity of waqf assets. The aim of this research is to analyze how Qawā’id Fiqhiyyah can provide foundational support to enhance Waqf law, proposing viable solutions to existing issues. The novelty of this research lies in its integrative approach, which combines traditional Islamic legal principles with the contemporary challenges of waqf management. By focusing on Qawā'id Fiqhiyyah, the study proposes a framework that not only addresses legal and administrative issues but also highlights the cultural and social dimensions of waqf in Indonesia, an area that has not been extensively explored in existing literature. . The results of the research suggest that the application of Qawā'id Fiqhiyyah can provide practical solutions to the identified challenges in waqf law. The study outlines several strategies, including enhancing public education about waqf, improving legal frameworks, and fostering collaboration among various stakeholders such as government bodies, religious organizations, and the community. These strategies aim to create a more effective and sustainable waqf system in Indonesia, ultimately leading to increased productivity and a greater social impact of waqf assets

Balancing of Counterclaims as a Legal Construction Similar to Set-off

This article examines the application of set-off under Article 410 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation within bankruptcy procedures, highlighting the limitations imposed by proportionality and claims priority rules. These restrictions often conflict with economic feasibility, leading to the emergence of a legal construction known as the balancing of counterclaims in judicial practice. Although balancing of counterclaims functions similarly to set-off, it circumvents the statutory limitations traditionally applied to set-off. Despite its practical utility in addressing set-off admissibility issues in bankruptcy, the concept lacks proper legal justification. This article explores the legal nature of balancing counterclaims, its distinctions from set-off, and its criteria and application procedures. The article begins by examining the historical evolution of balancing counterclaims and the rationale behind their distinct terminology. A comparative analysis with set-off under Article 410 of the Civil Code is conducted, focusing on the grounds for obligations termination, purpose, scope, and procedural applications. Key differences between the two concepts are in their goal and limited application scope, allowing balancing counterclaims to operate beyond the proportionality and claim priority constraints. Additionally, the article delves into potential penalties and the security functions associated with balancing counterclaims. In conclusion, balancing counterclaims can be best understood either as a legal construct derived from traditional set-off principles or as a criterion for determining transaction admissibility, including set-off, within bankruptcy contexts.

Perioperative Management of Tibial Spine Fractures in Pediatric Patients: A Delphi Study to Identify Principles of Treatment.

The Delphi technique is a structured, iterative group survey method utilized to reach a consensus among experts in a field regarding topics with evidence-based equipoise. Currently, there are few studies at the highest levels of evidence published on the perioperative tibial spine management, making it an ideal subject to utilize expert opinion to reach consensus decision. The purpose of this study was to utilize a Delphi-method survey to achieve consensus statements regarding the perioperative management of tibial spine fractures. Before study initiation, 3 rounds of surveys were agreed upon, maintaining the traditional Delphi principles. Consensus was defined as 75% agreement or disagreement on a Likert scale. An anonymous survey consisting of 50 statements describing the management of tibial spine fractures preoperative and postoperative in varying scenarios was distributed to a group of 44 pediatric sports medicine orthopaedic surgeons utilizing an electronic survey software system. Of 44 surgeons invited to participate, 24 responded to round 1, 28 responded to round 2, and 25 responded to round 3. Consensus was achieved for the following: use of x-ray to determine initial treatment; casting for a minimum of 3 weeks for nonoperative management, but <3 weeks if treated with surgical fixation; advanced imaging to avoid missing concomitant injury; the necessity of physical therapy, but not continuous passive motion (CPM); and for arthroscopic surgical intervention. It was also agreed that functional testing is important in return-to-play (RTP) decision-making, though the specific timelines and clearance criteria could not be agreed upon. There were statements that displayed continued disagreement, including the role of aspiration, preoperative range of motion management, and the timing of surgical scheduling. Utilizing a Delphi methodology with experienced surgeons on tibial spine treatment, consensus in the management of tibial spine fracture was achieved for definitive management strategies. Further study will be important to optimize our management of this youthful population with tibial spine fractures.

Membangun Karakter Murid Melalui Pendidikan Agama

Religious Education is an education process that has a purpose to form religious character of the religious tradition to individuals. This formation process includes an understanding of the Holy Book, religious traditions, and moral and spiritual development in accordance with religion culture and tradition. This religious education is the basis for students meditative thinking because it plays an important role in shaping human spiritual and moral development. As writers, we are using the literature review approach in writing this article in order to compile a deep understanding to improve the character education of the people based on the principles of religion culture and tradition. The results of this study confirm that Religious Education can form the students personality and character responsible individuals.

Electronic Commercial Contracts in Saudi Arabia: Legal and Regulatory Challenges

This study explores the legal and regulatory challenges associated with electronic commercial contracts in Saudi Arabia. As e-commerce grows globally, the Kingdom has witnessed rapid changes in commercial practices, necessitating a robust legal framework to regulate electronic contracts. The paper examines the historical development of e-commerce in Saudi Arabia, the regulatory framework governing electronic contracts, and the challenges that arise from their enforcement. Key issues include the compatibility of electronic transactions with traditional legal principles, the recognition of electronic signatures, and cybersecurity concerns that impact the validity and enforceability of these contracts. Additionally, the paper compares Saudi Arabia’s legal framework with international standards, highlighting gaps that hinder the effective regulation of electronic commerce in the Kingdom. Recommendations for reform include harmonizing local laws with global best practices and enhancing cybersecurity measures to foster trust in electronic transactions. The study emphasizes the need for legal clarity to support the growth of e-commerce while protecting both businesses and consumers in the digital age.

Model-free adaptive consensus design for a class of unknown heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent systems with packet dropouts

This paper studies the consensus problem for a class of unknown heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent systems via a network with random packet dropouts. Based on the dynamic linearization technique, novel model-free adaptive consensus protocols with the data compensation mechanism are designed for both leaderless and leader-following cases. The advantage of this approach is that only neighborhood input and output data of the agents are required in the protocol design. For the stability analysis, a new Squeeze Theorem based method is developed to derive the theoretic results instead of the traditional contraction mapping principle used in model-free adaptive control. It is shown that the consensus can be achieved for both leaderless and leader-following cases if the communication topology is strongly connected. Finally, numerical simulations verifying the correctness of the theoretical results are given.

Exploring prescriptive and agile management of university-based living labs

ABSTRACT University-based living labs serve as open innovation platforms that foster collaborative research and experimentation across various disciplines. These labs bring together academics, citizens, community organisations, companies, and other entities to collectively address complex contemporary issues. The labs’ managers are expected to adopt flexible, agile management approaches to support the openness of their lab to stakeholders. Flexible management approaches create various challenges, as the labs are often expected also to comply with traditional project management principles of deadlines, project deliverables, budget restrictions, and quality conditions as set by their project sponsors and host organisation. The combination of prescriptive and agile project management approaches in such open innovation settings has been relatively underexplored in higher education research. Drawing on the theoretical literature on boundary work and project management, we analyse how the managers of a Dutch university-based living lab execute flexible project management styles in a setting that is dominated by prescriptive project management traditions. Based on information from 20 interviews and document analysis we identify five areas of tension between agile and prescriptive project management. Living lab managers, supported by researchers, buffer these tensions through boundary work that shapes the openness of the projects in rather unexpected ways.

THE VOCAL HERITAGE OF JOHANNES BRAHMS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF 19TH-CENTURY GERMAN CULTURE

The article is devoted to the exploration of spiritual and religious principles in the works of Johannes Brahms and their manifestation in the composer’s vocal and choral opuses. The aim of the study is to reveal the spiritual, ethical, and religious foundations of Brahms’ creative personality and their reflection in the composer’s vocal heritage (using A German Requiem and the vocal cycle Four Serious Songs as examples). The methodology combines intonational, genre-stylistic, etymological, and hermeneutical approaches. The scientific novelty of the study is marked by the introduction into musicology of not only materials concerning the religious worldview of Brahms but also their influence on the formation of the conceptual content inherent in his works, shaped at the intersection of Protestant-Lutheran principles of the German cultural-historical tradition and their metamorphoses during the spiritual quests of the Romantic era. The findings show that the generalization of bibliographic and analytical sources on Brahms’ works, including his vocal heritage, reveals the depth of the spiritual, ethical, and religious principles of his creative personality, which trace back to the German Protestant tradition and the culture formed on its basis. At the same time, these principles were enriched by the spiritual searches of German Romanticism and the Biedermeier period. The appeal to the age-old principles of past national culture and its illustrious representatives, combined with the revival of the “spirit” of the nation and the characteristic Protestant convergence and mutual spiritualization of sacred and secular genres, contributed to the consolidation of German society and its movement towards the unification of Germany. These aspects are also reflected in the poetics of Brahms’ A German Requiem and the vocal cycle Four Serious Songs, which exhibit the tradition’s characteristic focus on eternal themes of life and death in their Protestant interpretation, the use of relevant biblical texts and their authorial re-interpretation, as well as the appeal to the “intonational dictionary” of the Protestant chorale, ranging from direct citation to free compositional realization of broadly interpreted chorality.

Human Resource Management Based on Local Wisdom in Tourism Businesses in Panelokan, Bangli Regency

This research aims to explore how local wisdom can be integrated into human resource management (HRM) practices in tourism businesses in Panelokan Village, Bangli Regency. Specifically, this research seeks to understand the views and experiences of business actors, employees and local communities in implementing local wisdom-based HRM, as well as identifying challenges and strategies that can be adopted to overcome obstacles in its implementation. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method to understand the application of human resource management (HRM) based on local wisdom in tourism businesses in Panelokan Village. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with tourism business owners or managers, employees and local community leaders, as well as analysis of related documents, such as work guidelines and HR policies. Thematic analysis techniques were used to identify the main themes that emerged from the data. The validity of the data is guaranteed by triangulation of sources and methods, as well as member checking to confirm findings. The results of the research show that the application of local wisdom such as "ngayah," "menyama braya," and "Tri Hita Karana" in HRM is able to increase job satisfaction, loyalty, and employee productivity in tourism businesses in Panelokan. Integration of local cultural values in recruitment, training, performance appraisal and reward systems helps create a more inclusive and culturally appropriate work environment. However, this research also found several challenges in implementing local wisdom-based HRM, especially related to a lack of understanding and managerial skills in combining traditional principles with modern management practices, as well as pressure to meet international management standards.

The fall and rise of sovereignty

The aftermath of the Cold War signalled a decline of the international norm of sovereignty. The ‘triumph’ of the Liberal International Order during a brief unipolar moment challenged traditional principles of sovereignty, notably non-intervention. However, recent years have seen a resurgence of affirmations of sovereignty in political discourse, coinciding with a broader narrative on the Liberal International Order’s erosion. This article attempts to make sense of this fall and rise of sovereignty. Motivated by genealogical concerns, it historicises political and scholarly conversations on the concept. First, it examines the perceived decline of sovereignty following the Cold War. Second, it traces the proliferation of sovereignty discourses in the European 2000s and 2010s back to debates surrounding the 1992 Maastricht Treaty. Third, it explores the concept of sovereigntism, charting its move from political discourse into academic debates. Finally, the article concludes with a reflection on the trajectory of sovereignty in a post-Liberal International Order world.

Web Application for Recommendation of Ayurvedic Drugs and Medicine using ML

This project aims to develop a comprehensive Ayurvedic drug recommendation website that seamlessly integrates traditional Ayurvedic principles with modern technology. The platform will cater to both students seeking educational resources and practitioners offering personalized healthcare guidance. The website's key features include drug prediction algorithms, herbal drug recommendations based on individualized assessments on symptoms, and a user-friendly interface. The initial phase involves meticulous planning, scoping, and research to define project objectives, target audiences, and select an appropriate technology stack. Subsequent weeks focus on design and prototyping, incorporating user feedback to ensure an intuitive and engaging interface. The front-end development phase emphasizes responsiveness and usability, while the back-end development integrates sophisticated algorithms for drug prediction and drug recommendation. User authentication and authorization mechanisms will be implemented to cater to both students and practitioners, ensuring a secure and personalized experience. The website's robustness and reliability will be validated through comprehensive testing, addressing any identified issues to guarantee a seamless user experience. The refinement and optimization phase involve continuous feedback collection, iterative improvements, and performance optimization. Beta testing will be conducted to gather user insights, refining the platform further. The deployment and launch process will involve hosting the website on a reliable platform, setting up monitoring tools, and officially releasing the Ayurvedic drug prediction and drug recommendation website to the public. This project combines the rich heritage of Ayurveda with cutting-edge technology, offering a valuable resource for education and healthcare in the Ayurvedic domain. The website aims to empower both students and practitioners with accurate drug predictions and personalized drug recommendations based on symptoms, fostering a holistic approach to healthcare that aligns with traditional Ayurvedic principle.

Examining the President's 2024 Election Strategy through Weberian Conflict Theory

As Head of State, a President has a very vital role in efforts to maintain state sovereignty. However, in the 2024 general election in Indonesia, the President reaped negative sentiments identified as the term "Dynastic Politics," which could potentially damage the democratic system. This research is oriented toward identifying and analyzing the President's political leadership strategy in the 2024 election by implementing Weberian conflict theory. Actualize the qualitative description approach with the type of literature study. The data collected will be understood, recorded, and analyzed using Weberian conflict theory. Then, conclusions can be drawn with deductive patterns. The study results stated that charismatic leaders in this regard are more than just fixated on traditional principles of authority, as Weber argues. But also charismatic leaders who are on formal legal authority (President). The President, in this case, carries out a political strategy to form a political dynasty by using the existence of his charismatic leadership. By maintaining legitimacy rather than democratic principles, this strategy will continue to create conflicts with negative implications for charismatic leaders.

A common law in space for public health

Beyond the gravitational pull of Earth, space travel poses substantial public health hazards pertaining to the physical and mental well-being of astronauts and passengers, in addition to a possible threat to the populace of Earth upon re-entry. Exposure to cosmic radiation, cranial pressure from microgravity, weakened immunity to contagion, and the potential for depression and psychosis are all risks. Public health crises of this nature are to be expected as the duration of missions extends, as is the case with Mars settlement. In contrast to national space programmes, which have regarded these obstacles as human factors effecting the mission, public health law in common law British nations approaches them from the perspective of social justice and the preservation of human life and societal welfare. Countries including Australia, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom continue to apply traditional common law principles of public health law, which provide a sensible and enduring method for reconciling competing public and private interests. Common law permits the violation of civil liberties through the use of force in public health restraint, forced medication, and quarantine, but only if necessary, reasonable, and equitable. While the understanding of the health challenges associated with long-duration spaceflight may be in its infancy for national space programmes and civilian space ventures, the application of common law public health principles could aid in the establishment of health and safety protocols in which human reactions to crises in space resemble those observed on Earth. This may, nevertheless, necessitate the enactment of a more comprehensive federal public health statute. Embedded in both public health common law and international space law, the pre-eminence of preserving and respecting human life and well-being continues to be a cornerstone of humane justice despite the perilous conditions of space.

Citizen journalism revisited: A case study of Kenya’s kibera news network

In an evolving media landscape, the prominence and influence of citizen journalism has grown markedly, challenging historical norms and providing alternative narratives. While traditional journalism has been guided by objectivity, autonomy, and ethics, its representation has been questioned, especially in marginalised communities like Kibera, a neighbourhood in Nairobi, Kenya. Scholars have shed light on the transformational role of journalism and the ensuing need for democratisation in its practice, acknowledging the challenge it faces in representing diverse sections of the population. Using Kibera News Network (KNN) as a case study, this mixed methods study looks at the extent to which citizen journalists, despite lacking formal training, uphold and perhaps even redefine traditional journalistic principles. Utilising a qualitative content analysis of KNN videos and in-depth interviews with citizen journalists in Kibera, findings suggest that these citizen journalists exhibit a solid commitment to ethical reporting, emphasising accuracy and fairness, perhaps due to these journalists being citizens in their community—a community that has been marginalised and misrepresented—and thus experience a heightened sense of belonging. KNN citizen journalists also demonstrate high levels of autonomy and journalism ethics and are unburdened by the political and financial pressures that shape some mainstream media narratives. Taken together, findings suggest that the citizen journalist work of KNN contributes to multiple civic outcomes, including neighbourhood belonging and collective efficacy, which leads to civic participation.

Transformative Islamic Education from the Perspective KH Abdullah Munjul (Study of Manuscript Layang Siti Hasanah)

The "Layangan Siti Hasanah" manuscript, a significant Islamic text, provides valuable insights into historical educational practices. This research explores how its teachings can be applied to contemporary Islamic education to foster meaningful change and personal growth. The study involves a detailed analysis of the manuscript’s content, focusing on its educational methodologies and philosophies. It examines how these principles can be integrated into modern educational frameworks to enhance critical thinking, moral development, and holistic learning. Key findings reveal that the manuscript contains educational approaches that align with transformative educational goals. These approaches include methods for developing critical thinking and ethical understanding, which are relevant to current educational practices. The research suggests that incorporating these traditional principles into contemporary Islamic education can create a more dynamic and effective learning environment. By merging historical insights with modern needs, educators can promote both academic and personal development in students. Overall, this study highlights the importance of integrating traditional Islamic teachings with modern educational methods to achieve a transformative educational experience that benefits students in various aspects of their lives.The method used in this research is qualitative, while the approach used is the historical and anthropological approach to Islamic education, then the data collection techniques used are documentation and interviews and data analysis in the researcher's research using philological and symbiotic analysis. The results of research on Transformative Islamic education in the Layang Siti Hasanah manuscript according to KH Abdullah Munjul are divided into 3 domains of Transformation, namely: 1. Syariat teachings, 2. Tarekat teachings. 3. Marifat teaching.

Business continuity as self-efficacy: Augmenting existing business continuity practice

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the shortcomings of traditional business continuity principles. As much of the novel response to COVID-19 involved a curtailment or cessation of in-person commercial activity, businesses and communities were at unprecedented financial risk. Traditional methods of ensuring business continuity were likely insufficient; thus, an improved understanding of business continuity through disaster is needed for both business and community well-being. Canonically, academic studies examining business survival post-disaster have emphasized vulnerability characteristics and focused on factors outside the businesses’ locus of control. Recently, studies have found that business survival is related to features of self-efficacy that are not easily developed through succinct templates: creativity, flexibility, and improvisation. By critically examining ninety-three publicly available business continuity guides in a content analysis approach, we point to the need for further research on business preparedness as the building of self-efficacy and the effectiveness of converting these scientific findings into useful formats for business operators.

Indonesia’s ambivalence in the Russia-Ukraine war: Balancing equal sovereignty norms with a familial approach

ABSTRACT This article examines Indonesia’s position during the Russia-Ukraine war, highlighting the tension between its traditional foreign policy principles and pragmatic approach to international conflicts. Indonesia’s support for UN resolutions condemning Russia, compared with its avoidance of directly naming Russia as the aggressor, reveals an ambivalence rooted in the paradox of upholding equal sovereignty norms while promoting a ‘familial’ approach to conflict resolution. This paradox is evident in Indonesia’s simultaneous support for Ukraine’s territorial integrity while calling for peace negotiations, which equates the aggressor with the victim. The study explores the historical context of Indonesia’s foreign policy, emphasizing sovereign equality and non-alignment, and how these principles are challenged by the current geopolitical landscape. Through qualitative content analysis of official statements, public opinion and media narratives, the article argues that Indonesia’s ambivalence in the Russia-Ukraine war reflects a tension between its normative commitments to sovereignty and pragmatic needs to peacefully end conflict.

Exploring the philosophical perspectives of future robots

If computers or robots were to replace human scientists, should they adhere to our established principles of the Philosophy of Science? We have been taught to value consistency, Popperian falsifiability, and Occam’s razor (also known as the principle of parsimony). While these traditional philosophical principles are valuable, they might limit the exploration of complex phenomena that require more nuanced or multifaceted approaches. Specific formal contexts exist where these principles falter when confronted with reality, as traditional scientific methods may reduce cognitive power. This paper formally highlights the limitations of traditional scientific and philosophical principles through the mathematics of computability (which will be considered softly).

Enhancing critical thinking and problem-solving skills in upper elementary students through game-based learning

Introduction. The acquisition of knowledge by students to more actively develop their minds through challenging activities in the form of contextual problem analysis and academically oriented training in thinking skills is still lacking. Solving an inappropriate problem can trigger students' reluctance to try to solve the problems presented because the problem presented will be an early "gateway" as a stimulus that can subsequently stimulate students' thinking, so the skill of the teacher in "packaging" a problem as interesting as possible may be one of the determining factors in the success of the application of the learning model. Study participant and methods. This study included approximately 600 middle school students (grades four through six) in Indonesia, situated in a township with a median family income of IDR72,000,000/year and a median household income of IDR48,000,000/year, where 9.3% lived in poverty. The ethnically diverse composition featured 40.22% Javanese. The chosen school lacked academic tracking in social studies classes for grades 4-6 and had a willing teacher for Game-Based Learning (GBL) interventions. Using a quasi-experimental design, three GBL intervention classes (62 pupils) were randomly selected from five sections taught by the participating teacher, while seven classes (115 students) received conventional instruction. The study aimed to evaluate GBL's impact on social studies education, employing Denah Education Game (DENDA) with specific objectives for territories. The results. The findings indicate that students in the Game-Based Learning (GBL) group had a slightly higher average post-test score (M = 3.66) compared to conventional students (M = 3.60). Similarly, the average score of GBL students on the delayed post-test (M = 2.11) was slightly higher than the score of conventional students (M = 2.00). However, both the post-test (F(1,96) =0.07, p &gt;0.05) and delayed post-test (F(1,91) =0.45, p &gt;0.05) did not show a consistent effect, according to these results. The study indicates that the Game-Based Learning (GBL) intervention successfully enhances students' understanding with slightly higher post-test and delayed post-test scores compared to traditional teaching methods. The findings emphasize the importance of student discourse in game-based scenarios, with higher-level conversations predominantly observed in intra- and inter-group discussions. Despite fluctuations in intellectual activities, student engagement and critical thinking remain high. However, challenges in addressing gender differences and implementing GBL in conventional classroom settings need further research and development focus. Conclusion. The study supports integrating Game-Based Learning (GBL) into conventional classrooms, noting no significant differences from traditional teaching. However, caution is advised due to implementation challenges. Gender differences underscore the need for further exploration of GBL effectiveness across genders and grade levels. Positive impacts on critical thinking are seen through student-centered learning and authentic problem-solving scenarios. GBL aligns with best teaching practices, emphasizing engagement and student-driven learning. While acknowledging limitations, the research calls for ongoing exploration of GBL's potential in fostering critical thinking and aligning it with traditional educational principles for maximum effectiveness in diverse classrooms.

СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИЧКИТЕ АСПЕКТИ НА ЈАЗИЧНАТА КУЛТУРА

This paper aims to consider the problem of the influence of the Internet, especially social networks on users, their development and sociolinguistic aspects and points of view from the point of view of language culture. The influence of the Internet on the language (in this case, the Macedonian language) will be considered, as well as the consequences of that influence on the cognitive and academic development of future generations who live with the Internet for most of the day. Through the sociolinguistic approach, it will be possible to perceive many aspects in the structure, acquisition and use of language, including language teaching. The popularity of this discipline is quite developed, especially in universities, which is why its structure includes language teaching considered from several aspects: the traditional approach, discussions, mother tongue, consideration and principles in language teaching, etc. We will consider the pedagogical relevance of sociolinguistics from two perspectives: external and internal. Through an external perspective we will cover the philological context of the language and the influence of the internet, and with the internal perspective we will express the marked linguistic structure and the use of language as a communication system shaped by the interaction of different social actors.