Due to the increasing world deficit in protein supplies, there is an urgent need to make the best use of every possible protein source. Fish is widely recognized as an excellent source of protein of a very high quality. At present more than one third of the world fish production is converted to fish meal and fed to pigs and poultry. As the total world catch has increased so has the percentage converted to fish meal tended to increase. There are many other ways of utilizing fishery resources directly for human consumption and this paper indicates possible means of achieving this. After considering the supply of fish and its utilization, the chief requirements for the establishment of a fishery are identified. Such factors as the type of raw material available, the structure of the catching industry on one hand, and the system of distribution and sale on the other, the availability of processing equipment and skill, etc., are all considered for various situations.The problem of the acceptability of new fish products in developing areas cannot be overemphasized. Consumer preference studies are required to identify more closely the types of products which are likely to be accepted. The choice of products is reviewed systematically considering traditional methods of processing as well as special methods including certain experimental ones, e.g. irradiation, freeze-drying, and the manufacture of fish protein concentrate.It is concluded that so far as modern products need to be developed, greater success will probably be forthcoming for those based on the traditional methods of preservation used in the area in question. It is felt there is scope for the application of modern food technology in this area.