Traditional Population Research Articles

Factors determining the motivation of non-linguistic students in online and offline foreign language learning

Introduction. The article investigates the specifics of traditional and distance learning for undergraduate and postgraduate non-linguistic students learning a foreign language. The authors focus on the types of motivation and the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) as an effective way to increase students' interest in learning a foreign language. The purpose of the article is to identify the factors influencing the motivation of full-time and part-time non-linguistic students in online and offline foreign language learning. Materials and Methods. The authors used theoretical (analysis, comparison) and empirical (observation, questionnaire, quasi-experiment) research methods to achieve the purpose and verify the hypotheses. The observed experimental groups of students answered a set of questions from a questionnaire in Microsoft Forms. The survey was divided into units devoted to the use of ICT for non-academic purposes and for English language learning purposes, as well as a range of factors that may determine students' motivation. Results. The study revealed intrinsically and extrinsically motivated students in the experimental groups. The research findings showed that full-time undergraduate and postgraduate students found it more difficult to study online and their learning outcomes were significantly lower compared to part-time students. Nevertheless, the authors noted that part-time students preferred traditional foreign language learning. It was more difficult for them to concentrate on learning English at home than in the classroom. ICT in foreign language learning confirmed its effectiveness in acquiring and developing knowledge and communicative skills for full-time students due to durable application. Conclusions. The article concludes that different types of motivation are characteristic for part-time and full-time postgraduate and undergraduate students. Students’ motivation depends on a set of positive and negative factors affecting the learning process. Online learning is more effective for senior part-time students than for traditional part-time student population. The effectiveness of ICT is in direct correlation with the duration of use, so full-time students have a time advantage.

Implementing landscape genetics in molecular epidemiology to determine drivers of vector-borne disease: A malaria case study.

This study employs landscape genetics to investigate the environmental drivers of a deadly vector-borne disease, malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, in a more spatially comprehensive manner than any previous work. With 1804 samples from 44 sites collected in western Kenya in 2012 and 2013, we performed resistance surface analysis to show that Lake Victoria acts as a barrier to transmission between areas north and south of the Winam Gulf. In addition, Mantel correlograms clearly showed significant correlations between genetic and geographic distance over short distances (less than 70 km). In both cases, we used an identity-by-state measure of relatedness tailored to find highly related individual parasites in order to focus on recent gene flow that is more relevant to disease transmission. To supplement these results, we performed conventional population genetics analyses, including Bayesian clustering methods and spatial ordination techniques. These analyses revealed some differentiation on the basis of geography and elevation and a cluster of genetic similarity in the lowlands north of the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria. Taken as a whole, these results indicate low overall genetic differentiation in the Lake Victoria region, but with some separation of parasite populations north and south of the Winam Gulf that is explained by the presence of the lake as a geographic barrier to gene flow. We recommend similar landscape genetics analyses in future molecular epidemiology studies of vector-borne diseases to extend and contextualize the results of traditional population genetics.

Spatial inequality of shopping opportunities under the boom of express deliveries in China

The orderly spatial structure of cities promotes city vitality and human well-being. The spatial mismatch between traditional shops and population causes spatial inequality in shopping opportunities along urban‒rural gradients. This spatial inequality has been deconstructed. The rapid expansion of express delivery outlets linked to online shopping reduces the spatial inequality of shopping opportunities to an unknown degree. This study focused on the spatial patterns of shops and express delivery outlets in cities. The Gini coefficient was used to quantify the spatial inequality of shopping opportunities in 18 Chinese cities. This study further compared the ecosystem services of the two types of shopping facilities. The results show that (1) the net ecosystem services provided by express delivery outlets are 3-fold those of shops; (2) the environmental impact of online shopping are lower than those of traditional shopping; (3) express delivery outlets show more spatial dispersion than shops; (4) the spatial inequality of shops is higher than that of express delivery outlets; and (5) the supplement of express delivery outlets to shops reduces spatial inequality by 35%. These findings show that online shopping promotes ecosystem services, reduces the spatial inequality of city structure and improves human well-being and the sustainability of cities.

Fusion Swarm-Intelligence-Based Decision Optimization for Energy-Efficient Train-Stopping Schemes

To solve the decision problem of train stopping schemes, this paper introduces the static game into the optimal configuration of stopping time to realize the rational decision of train operation. First, a train energy consumption model is constructed with the lowest energy consumption of train operation as the optimization objective. In addition, a Mustang optimization algorithm based on cubic chaos mapping, the population hierarchy mechanism, the golden sine strategy, and the Levy flight strategy was designed for solving the problem of it being easy for the traditional population intelligence algorithm to fall into a local optimum when solving complex problems. Lastly, simulation experiments were conducted to compare the designed algorithm with PSO, GA, WOA, GWO, and other cutting-edge optimization algorithms in cross-sectional simulations, and the results show that the algorithm had excellent global optimization finding and convergence capabilities. The simulation results show that the research in this paper can provide effective decisions for the dwell time of trains at multiple stations, and promote the intelligent operation of the train system.

Ultrasonography- and Doppler-Guided Surgical Treatment for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy: Results From a Case Series in a Southern Sweden County Hospital.

Treatment with ultrasonography (US)- and color Doppler (CD)-guided mini surgery for insertional Achilles tendinopathy has shown good clinical results in a sports medicine setting. The aim in this study was to introduce this new methodology at a county hospital and study the clinical results on a traditional orthopaedic population. Twenty-six consecutive patients (12 men, mean age 61 years; 14 women, mean age 56 years) with a long duration (>12 months) of pain symptoms from insertional Achilles tendinopathy (a combination of bursae, bone, and tendon pathology) were included. US- and CD-guided surgical removal of bursae, bone, and tendon pathology, performed with local anaesthesia, was used. After surgery, there was immediate weightbearing loading without immobilization, followed by a structured rehabilitation protocol for 12 weeks. The VISA-A and SEFAS scores plus a questionnaire evaluating satisfaction with treatment and activity level was used for evaluation. At the 1-year follow-up, there were 3 dropouts. Twenty-one patients were satisfied. Their VISA-A score had increased significantly from 26 to 81 (P < .001), and the SEFAS score from 17 to 38 (P < .001). Two patients were not satisfied. There were 3 complications, 2 superficial skin infections, and 1 wound rupture. For patients with chronic painful insertional Achilles tendinopathy, the US- and CD-guided surgical treatment method followed by immediate weightbearing loading showed a high satisfaction rate and improved functional scores at the 1-year follow-up in a majority of the patients. There are advantages using this method compared to other more tendon invasive surgical methods in use for this condition. Level IV, case series.

Regional dimension of socio-cultural modernization of the population: results of expeditionary research in Uzbekistan and southern Kyrgyzstan

The article attempts a regional measurement of the socio-cultural modernization of the population based on field observations and the results of in-depth interviews with the local population in Uzbekistan and southern Kyrgyzstan. Expedition research route: Osh — Kokand — Tashkent — Samarkand — Bukhara. For the regional measurement of population modernization, the following groups of indicators were used: “characteristics of the cultural landscape” (for example, the layout of settlements, home and space arrangement, land use, etc.) and “social portrait of local residents” (for example, clothing, food preferences, behavior in space, time budget and attitudes of the population). It was revealed that the most conservative and traditional population lives in the regions of the Fergana Valley, the less modernized — in Osh, Samarkand and Bukhara, the most modernized population — in Tashkent, Chirchik and Angren. It is found that regional differences in the socio-cultural modernization of the population correlate with the main provisions of the center-peripheral model. Deviations from it are determined by the nature of settlement, the ethnic structure of the population, the involvement of the population in labor migration, the measure of centrality and the absolute height of the settlement above sea level, etc. Thus, the intra-urban division of most cities into mahalla contributes to the preservation of the traditional community in the east and acts as a barrier to the socio-cultural modernization of the population. In the final part of the article, the national features of the socio-cultural modernization of the population of the studied countries are outlined (for example, the high stability of the national socio-cultural tradition, the multidirectional nature of modernization processes), and brief recommendations are given on the use of the research results in managing the socio-economic development of different regions.

How Many Reindeer? UAV Surveys as an Alternative to Helicopter or Ground Surveys for Estimating Population Abundance in Open Landscapes

Conservation of wildlife depends on precise and unbiased knowledge on the abundance and distribution of species. It is challenging to choose appropriate methods to obtain a sufficiently high detectability and spatial coverage matching the species characteristics and spatiotemporal use of the landscape. In remote regions, such as in the Arctic, monitoring efforts are often resource-intensive and there is a need for cheap and precise alternative methods. Here, we compare an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV; quadcopter) pilot survey of the non-gregarious Svalbard reindeer to traditional population abundance surveys from ground and helicopter to investigate whether UAVs can be an efficient alternative technology. We found that the UAV survey underestimated reindeer abundance compared to the traditional abundance surveys when used at management relevant spatial scales. Observer variation in reindeer detection on UAV imagery was influenced by the RGB greenness index and mean blue channel. In future studies, we suggest testing long-range fixed-wing UAVs to increase the sample size of reindeer and area coverage and incorporate detection probability in animal density models from UAV imagery. In addition, we encourage focus on more efficient post-processing techniques, including automatic animal object identification with machine learning and analytical methods that account for uncertainties.

Генезис демографічного реєстру в Україні

The state cannot function without accurate and reliable information about the number of its inhabitants, the gender and age structure of the population and its location on the territory of the country. For many decades, such information was obtained from population censuses, and in the intercensal period - from various additional sources. Later, so-called “electronic demographic registers” were created in developed countries, which made it possible to quickly update the necessary information about the population, store it and quickly process it. At the end of the last century, in many developed countries, demographic registers became the main source of information for conducting traditional population censuses, and later even partially or completely replaced them. Currently, due to various circumstances, Ukraine does not have a full-fledged demographic register and is only going through a difficult path to its formation. The purpose of this article is to study the process of creating a demographic register in Ukraine in a historical aspect. And its novelty lies in the fact that for the first time three attempts to develop a national demographic register are highlighted, analyzed and evaluated. The study is based on the application of systemic analysis to evaluate all attempts to create a Ukrainian demographic register; the use of complex systems research methods (analysis and synthesis) made it possible to analyze the components of all registers in detail and, on the basis of a comparative analysis, to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each version of the register. The application of a concrete-historical approach helped to study the processes of designing and creating registers taking into account the specific historical conditions in which they took place, and to find out the influence of these conditions on processes in question. To achieve the goal, the authors researched the projects of demographic registers developed at different times: the Automated Data Bank “Population” and the State Population Register of Ukraine. The reasons why these electronic information resources were never built were analyzed. The purpose of creation and possibilities of the introduced Unified State Demographic Register were also investigated. Its advantages and disadvantages are identified, its connection with other electronic registers operating in government and local self-government bodies is demonstrated. A comparison of the composition of the demographic characteristics of the two projects mentioned above and the register that is functioning today is presented. From the point of view of demographic focus and technological combination with other information systems, the project of the Automated Data Bank “Population” was the most perfect. The project structure of the next register was oversaturated with all possible information about the population, which was not necessary from the point of view of demographic needs. The Unified State Demographic Register was created with the aim of providing the population with documents of a new model, but was not aimed at fulfilling the role of a demographic register to the full extent.

Advances in microbial transcriptomics techniques

With the rapid development of molecular biotechnology, transcriptomics has been widely used in the study of gene expression. In recent years, the techniques for microbial transcriptomics research have also been rapidly developing. At the gene level, the way for obtaining sequence information has been developed from complementary validation of RNA fragment through DNA microarray to direct sequencing of full-length RNA. Spatially, the traditional population transcriptomics technique has been developed into spatial, single cell and epigenetic transcriptomics studies. With the application of transcriptomics techniques in the field of microbial research, the corresponding defects were gradually revealed and constantly improved. In this paper, the traditional and new transcriptomics techniques in the field of microbial research are summarized to provide reference for microbial transcriptomics research.

Recent Advances in Single-Cell Metabolomics Based on Mass Spectrometry

Recent Advances in Single-Cell Metabolomics Based on Mass Spectrometry

A Novel Strategy for Constructing an Integrated Linkage Map in an F1 Hybrid Population of Populus deltoides and Populus simonii.

The genetic linkage maps of the traditional F2 population in inbred lines were estimated from the frequency of recombination events in both parents, providing full genetic information for genetic and genomic studies. However, in outbred forest trees, it is almost impossible to generate the F2 population because of their high heterozygosity and long generation times. We proposed a novel strategy to construct an integrated genetic linkage map that contained both parental recombination information, with restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq) data in an F1 hybrid population of Populus deltoides and Populus simonii. We selected a large number of specific RAD tags to construct the linkage map, each of which contained two SNPs, one heterozygous only in the female parent and the other heterozygous only in the male. Consequently, the integrated map contained a total of 1154 RAD tags and 19 linkage groups, with a total length of 5255.49 cM and an average genetic distance of 4.63 cM. Meanwhile, the two parent-specific linkage maps were also constructed with SNPs that were heterozygous in one parent and homozygous in the other. We found that the integrated linkage map was more consensus with the genomic sequences of P. simonii and P. deltoides. Additionally, the likelihood of the marker order in each linkage group of the integrated map was greater than that in both parental maps. The integrated linkage map was more accurate than the parent-specific linkage maps constructed in the same F1 hybrid population, providing a powerful genetic resource for identifying the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with dominant effects, assembling genomic sequences, and performing comparative genomics in related Populus species. More importantly, this novel strategy can be used in other outbred species to build an integrated linkage map.

Decision Optimization for Water and Electricity Shared Resources Based on Fusion Swarm Intelligence

As one of the most important water conservancy projects, reservoirs use water resources to achieve essential functions, such as irrigation, flood control, and power generation, by intercepting rivers. As climate extremes and global warming increase, the world’s water reserves are being tested, and reservoir operators are being challenged. This paper investigates the optimal allocation of shared resources for hydropower to achieve rational decisions for reservoir operations. Firstly, a power resource model is constructed based on the real hydroelectric generator theory. Furthermore, based on the established power resource model combined with the influence of weather type and multi-region heterogeneous demand, this paper constructs a multi-objective hydropower shared resource allocation optimization model, with the lowest hydropower resource supply cost and the shortest time hydropower resource supply time as the optimization objectives. Secondly, for the problem that the traditional population intelligence algorithm easily falls into the local optimum when solving complex problems, the improvement of the MOPSO algorithm is completed by introducing the Levy flight strategy and differential evolution. Finally, simulation experiments were carried out, and cutting-edge algorithms, such as the GA algorithm and WOA algorithm, were selected for simulation comparison to verify the effectiveness of the constructed model and algorithm. The simulation results show that the research in this paper can contribute to effective decision-making for reservoir operators and promote intelligent reservoir operation.

New PM2.5 forecasting system based on combined neural network and an improved multi-objective optimization algorithm: Taking the economic belt surrounding the Bohai Sea as an example

PM2.5 forecasting has always been difficult. Neural networks are widely used in the forecasting of PM2.5, however, the accuracy is not satisfactory due to uncertainty. In order to solve this problem, a new PM2.5 forecasting system based on data preprocessing, combined neural network, and the unconstrained weighting method based on an improved multi-objective optimization algorithm is proposed. A new chaotic map is introduced to our model to improve the traditional population initialization. In addition, a new unconstrained weighting method was proposed, and a combination of MAPE value (prediction accuracy) and STD value (prediction stability) were set as the objective functions. The predicted results of each neural network were judged by statistical index and a dynamic weight was given to different neural networks to achieve the optimal prediction result. We demonstrated the superiority, accuracy and generalization ability of our proposed model through experiments on the PM2.5 data of four cities around the Bohai Economic Belt in China: Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian, and Yantai.

Can sea snakes slither through seascape structure? Comparative phylogeography and population genetics of Hydrophis group sea snakes in Australia and Southeast Asia

Pleistocene sea level changes substantially shaped the biogeography of northern Australia and the Indo-Malayan Archipelago (IMA). For co-distributed species, their phylogeographic and population genetic patterns are expected to be concomitant with geological transformations of the Pleistocene. However, species-specific ecologies and life history traits may also be influential in generating patterns which depart from simple expectations arising from biogeographic features. Thus, comparative population genetic studies, which use taxa that reduces variation in taxonomy and geography, may refine our understanding of how biogeographic elements shape the populations of co-occurring species. Here, we sampled two sea snake species, Hydrophis curtus and H. elegans, throughout their known ranges in the IMA and northern Australia. These sea snakes have similar life history strategies and ecologies as well as overlapping distributions across the Torres Strait, a well-known biogeographic feature. We analysed two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments and 10 microsatellite loci using traditional population genetic approaches and used Bayesian clustering methods to examine species- specific phylogenetic relationships, genetic diversities, and population genetic structures. For both species, we found a consistent lack of significant genetic variation among sampling sites across the Gulf of Carpentaria (GOC) and the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Similarly, Bayesian clustering showed no to weak genetic partitioning across the historical Torres Strait land bridge. Both species sampled in Australia displayed population expansion signatures in tests using mtDNA and microsatellite markers. We conclude that the phylogeographic and population genetic patterns of these sea snake species do not align with the Torres Strait land bridge. This lack of population genetic structure departs from previous findings on Aipysurus sea snakes and may be linked to the association of Hydrophis species to soft sediment habitats typically found across northern Australia. These divergent patterns between the sea snake groups present the importance of considering taxon-specific attributes in formulating conservation strategies.

Genomic differentiation of three pico-phytoplankton species in the Mediterranean Sea.

For more than a decade, high-throughput sequencing has transformed the study of marine planktonic communities and has highlighted the extent of protist diversity in these ecosystems. Nevertheless, little is known relative to their genomic diversity at the species-scale as well as their major speciation mechanisms. An increasing number of data obtained from global scale sampling campaigns is becoming publicly available, and we postulate that metagenomic data could contribute to deciphering the processes shaping protist genomic differentiation in the marine realm. As a proof of concept, we developed a findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) pipeline and focused on the Mediterranean Sea to study three a priori abundant protist species: Bathycoccus prasinos, Pelagomonas calceolata and Phaeocystis cordata. We compared the genomic differentiation of each species in light of geographic, environmental and oceanographic distances. We highlighted that isolation-by-environment shapes the genomic differentiation of B. prasinos, whereas P. cordata is impacted by geographic distance (i.e. isolation-by-distance). At present time, the use of metagenomics to accurately estimate the genomic differentiation of protists remains challenging since coverages are lower compared to traditional population surveys. However, our approach sheds light on ecological and evolutionary processes occurring within natural marine populations and paves the way for future protist population metagenomic studies.

Reconstructing queen genotypes by pool sequencing colonies in eusocial insects: Statistical Methods and their application to honeybee.

Eusocial insects are crucial to many ecosystems, and particularly the honeybee (Apis mellifera). One approach to facilitate their study in molecular genetics, is to consider whole-colony genotyping by combining DNA of multiple individuals in a single pool sequencing experiment. Cheap and fast, this technique comes with the drawback of producing data requiring dedicated methods to be fully exploited. Despite this limitation, pool sequencing data have been shown to be informative and cost-effective when working on random mating populations. Here, we present new statistical methods for exploiting pool sequencing of eusocial colonies in order to reconstruct the genotypes of the queen of such colony. This leverages the possibility to monitor genetic diversity, perform genomic-based studies or implement selective breeding. Using simulations and honeybee real data, we show that the new methods allow for a fast and accurate estimation of the queen's genetic ancestry, with correlations of about 0.9 to that obtained from individual genotyping. Also, it allows for an accurate reconstruction of the queen genotypes, with about 2% genotyping error. We further validate these inferences using experimental data on colonies with both pool sequencing and individual genotyping of drones. In brief, in this study we present statistical models to accurately estimate the genetic ancestry and reconstruct the genotypes of the queen from pool sequencing data from workers of an eusocial colony. Such information allows to exploit pool sequencing for traditional population genetics analyses, association studies and for selective breeding. While validated in Apis mellifera, these methods are applicable to other eusocial hymenopterans.

Long-Term Monitoring of In-Water Abundance of Juvenile Pelagic Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta): Population Trends in Relation to North Atlantic Oscillation and Nesting

Sea turtles have various life-stages, typically being oceanic foragers as juveniles while shifting to more coastal habitats as they mature. The present study focuses on the least studied and well known of these, the juvenile oceanic life stage for the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta. Loggerhead sea turtles remain threatened by fisheries and their distribution and habitat change in the North Atlantic remains poorly understood. After hatching and swimming out to sea, turtles spend 7 or more years in the pelagic life stage. Madeira Island has an advantage of being situated in the middle of the North Atlantic developmental habitat for loggerheads originating both from the US, as well as, from Cape Verde and other mixed source rookeries. Understanding the demographics of this oceanic life stage has been described as a research priority. We here present a population trendline and the abundance variation of oceanic stage loggerheads, measured at a single geographic spot in Madeiran waters, over the period of 15 years. We find that the observed loggerhead distribution results from combined effects of physical and biological processes within the North Atlantic. We explore physical phenomena that influence abundance variability, and find that oscillations in climate affect the turtle migrations, as does the population recruitment from the nesting rookeries. For this, we use novel cost-effective census methods that take advantage of platforms of opportunity from the blue ecotourism industry. To study the time series and their correlations we use spectral analysis, a method not commonly used in traditional population assessments, including Wavelet and Fourier Transformations (WT and FFT), and Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques. A strong anti-correlation between sea turtle sightings and North Atlantic Oscillation seasonal components was found, which implies that loggerhead sea turtles are less abundant during positive NAO phases. We also detected long period trends in the sighting data which we relate to La Niña and El Niño oscillations. Source rookeries also influenced the sighting data with a time-lag of ~ 7 years, which coincides with the average time that turtles spend as oceanic juveniles.

Integration of mark-recapture and acoustic detections for unbiased population estimation in animal communities.

Abundance estimation methods that combine several types of data are becoming increasingly common because they yield more accurate and precise parameter estimates and predictions than are possible from a single data source. These beneficial effects result from increasing sample size (through data pooling) and complementarity between different data types. Here, we test whether integrating mark-recapture data with passive acoustic detections into a joint likelihood improves estimates of population size in a multi-guild community. We compared the integrated model to a mark-recapture-only model using simulated data first and then using a data set of mist-net captures and acoustic recordings from an Afrotropical agroforest bird community. The integrated model with simulated data improved accuracy and precision of estimated population size and detection parameters. When applied to field data, the integrated model was able to produce, for each bird guild, ecologically plausible estimates of population size and detection parameters, with more precision compared with the mark-recapture model. Overall, our results show that adding acoustic data to mark-recapture analyses improves estimates of population size. With the increasing availability of acoustic recording devices, this data collection technique could readily be added to routine field protocols, leading to a cost-efficient improvement of traditional mark-recapture population estimation.

From traditional density to compaction index: the example of Van province

Due to the spread of epidemic diseases such as Covid 19, through the mobility and interaction of infected people, rates of transmission, infection and death are even higher in urban areas with higher density. Density is a measurement obtained by dividing the number of people by the area; we can call it "Traditional Density". However, traditional density alone is not enough for cities that are growing and developing day by day and becoming increasingly complex. In the study, the average compaction index for Van province was calculated as 3788.67 person/km2 (one person in Van province lives with 3788.67 persons in one square kilometer). According to the traditional population density, there are 57.69 people per square kilometer in Van throughout the province. While the traditional density for the city center of Van is 1368.39 person/km2, this value is 7164.92 person/km2 according to the compaction index. The Compaction Index, weighted density by population, is an alternative to the traditional density scale, which is the total population divided by the total area. The compaction index is the average of the densities of the subareas of a larger area weighted by the populations of the subareas. Urban sprawl is directly related to compaction, and the selection of the appropriate density scale is crucial for a developing city. Although both types of density are positively related to the size of urban areas, the compaction index takes a different density aspect compared to conventional density. Compaction index; It is a scale that should be considered in situations such as health, transportation, urban life, education, fire, natural disaster management and coordination. Therefore, it is a useful alternative in most cases.

Embedded Estimation Sequential Bayes Parameter Inference for the Ricker Dynamical System

The dynamical systems are comprised of two components that change over time: the state space and the observation models. This study examines parameter inference in dynamical systems from the perspective of Bayesian inference. Inference on unknown parameters in nonlinear and non-Gaussian dynamical systems is challenging because the posterior densities corresponding to the unknown parameters do not have traceable formulations. Such a system is represented by the Ricker model, which is a traditional discrete population model in ecology and epidemiology that is used in many fields. This study, which deals with parameter inference, also known as parameter learning, is the central objective of this study. A sequential embedded estimation technique is proposed to estimate the posterior density and obtain parameter inference. The resulting algorithm is called the Augmented Sequential Markov Chain Monte Carlo (ASMCMC) procedure. Experiments are performed via simulation to illustrate the performance of the ASMCMC algorithm for observations from the Ricker dynamical system.