Traditional Papermaking Research Articles

Handmade paper: A review of its history, craft, and science

For over 2000 years the manual craft of papermaking has been practiced all over the world utilizing a variety of techniques. This review describes the evolution of hand papermaking and its cultural significance. Paper’s evolution has been shaped by the structure and chemical composition of the fibers. Almost every aspect of modern papermaking technology has been foreshadowed by traditional practices. Such practices were passed down for many generations within families of papermakers. The main sources of cellulosic fiber evolved as the ancient craft migrated from its birthplace in China to Korea and Japan, the Islamic world, and then to Europe and America. Though most paper made today comes from automated, continuous production systems, handmade paper has enjoyed a resurgence, both as a traditional craft and as an art-form. In addition, traditional papermaking methods can provide insights to help in modern applications involving cellulosic fibers.

Effect of natural additives on the rheological properties of cellulose fiber disperse systems

Some polysaccharides were added to cellulose fiber disperse systems to improve their rheological properties. The viscoelastic properties of the systems were measured with a parallel-plates or a cone-plate type rheometer. For the thin systems, their flocculation behaviors were also observed with a high-speed camera as well as the flow properties. Although Tororoaoi mucilage, which is used as a dispersant in the Japanese traditional papermaking, had no effect on the systems, guar gum and xylan had preferable effects on reducing the dynamic moduli. For all the systems, a power law relation was found between the dynamic moduli and the fiber concentrations; however, the exponent value was varied with the addition amount and kind of the polymers. These additives had no significant effect on reducing flocculation of the systems but preferable effect on reducing the stress leaps of the systems. The sedimentation volume measurements well represent the effect of the added polysaccharides. These results indicate that the addition of guar gum or xylan reduces the friction at the fiber contact points; and moreover, it makes the fibers lie in the better order and laminate more regularly.

Traditional Papermaking Techniques revealed by Fibre Orientation in Historical Papers

This work aims to select adequate repair papers, based on fibre orientation information derived from paper objects during restoration, using non-destructive image analysis applied to micrographs of paper surfaces. Contemporary Japanese handmade papers exhibited high values of fibre orientation intensity, while contemporary Korean handmade papers exhibited low intensity values. This difference was assumed to be due to different sheet-forming actions. Model papers prepared in the laboratory by the still sheet-forming and flow sheet-forming methods had low and high values of fibre orientation intensity, respectively. Additionally, the screen side for the flow sheet-forming method had a value of fibre orientation intensity higher than the top side. This fact was logically explained in terms of fibre flow and dehydration rate, and consequently suggests its applicability to distinguishing the sides of ancient document papers. The application of this technique to the Shimadzu Family documents from 1606 to 1859 indicated high values of fibre orientation, suggesting that the flow sheet-forming method had already been established by the early seventeenth century in Japan. The papers of Korean Buddhist sacred books manufactured between the eleventh and sixteenth centuries exhibited low orientation intensity values, and the differences between the two sides were small. This indicates that the papers were manufactured by the still sheet-forming method concurrently with a sideways swing.

Traditional Papermaking and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico

Traditional Papermaking and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico

Traditional Papermaking and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico

Traditional Papermaklng and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico. A. R. Sandstrom and P.E.Sandstrom Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, 1986. 336 pp. $24.95 (cloth) ISBN 0‐8061‐1972‐1

Traditional Papermaking and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico:Traditional Papermaklng and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico.

Traditional Papermaking and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico:Traditional Papermaklng and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico.

Traditional Papermaking and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico. Alan R. Sandstrom , Pamela Effrein Sandstrom

<i>Traditional Papermaking and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico</i>. Alan R. Sandstrom , Pamela Effrein Sandstrom

Shamans, Storytellers, and Aesthetic Production

James Dow. The Shaman's Touch: Otomi Indian Symbolic Healing. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press, 1986. xiii plus 180 pp. $13.95 (cloth).Alan R. Sandstrom and Pamela Effrein Sandstrom. Traditional Papermaking and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986. xxv plus 327 pp. $24.95 (cloth).Barbara A. Babcock. Guy Monthan. and Doris Monthan. The Pueblo Storyteller. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press, 1986. xix plus 201 pp. $40.00 (cloth).

: Traditional Papermaking and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico . Alan R. Sandstrom, Pamela Effrein Sandstrom.

American AnthropologistVolume 89, Issue 3 p. 741-741 Free Access Traditional Papermaking and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico. Alan R. Sandstrom and Pamela Effrein Sandstrom. James Dow, James Dow Oakland UniversitySearch for more papers by this author James Dow, James Dow Oakland UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1987 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1987.89.3.02a00400AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume89, Issue3September 1987Pages 741-741 RelatedInformation

Traditional Papermaking and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico

Traditional Papermaking and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico

A highly elastic constant-viscosity fluid

This study assessed the applicability of chitin nanocrystals prepared by 2, 2, 6, 6-Tetramethyl-1-Piperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation in traditional papermaking coating color systems. The α-chitin nanocrystals (CTNCs) with different carboxyl content, size, and morphology were prepared from crab shells by alkali pretreatment and TEMPO-mediated oxidation in the water at pH 10, and then the ratio of CTNCs to latex was applied to traditional coating color system to replace part of latex. The results showed that when the amount of NaClO added as co-oxidant in the oxidation was 15.0 mmol/g of chitin, the carboxyl content of alkali-pretreated CTNCs was up to 0.76 mmol/g. The amount of carboxyl groups presented a linear relation with the degree of individualization of nanocrystals and dispersion. When the ratio of latex to CTNCs was 90꞉10, the water retention value of the coating was 92% lower than that of the pure latex system, and the rheological property was better. The relationship between the addition amount of CTNCs and the surface strength and the coverage of coating layers were also studied, and results showed that when the ratio of latex to CTNCs was 95꞉5, the surface strength was the highest of 1.45 m/s, and the coverage of coating layers rate reached the highest of 78%.

Chemical Studies on Wood Hemicelluloses. II. On the Hemicellulose of Ganpi Bast Fibres. I

Abstract The composition of the bast fibres of Ganpi plant (Wickstroemia sikokiana Franch. et Sav.) was investigated in the processes of the traditional paper-making of Japan. It was found that hemicelluloses of the bast fibres had significant bearings on the paper-making and the excellent character of Japanese paper. The hemicellulose isolated from holocellulose of the Ganpi bast fibres by alkaline extraction were found to be composed of 13.6∼15.8% of d-glucuronic acid (which is partly present as 4-O-methyl-d-glucuronic acid), 58.1∼80.9% of d-xylose, and small amounts of d-mannose, d-galactose, l-arabinose, and l-rhamnose. It was shown that the degree of polymerisation of the hemicellulose calculated as a pentosan is about 160, and the molecule has basically a linear structure in which the uronic groups are present along the polymer chain at a ratio of one carboxyl group for each six or eight pentose sugar units.