Traditional Orientation Research Articles

Acculturation and Health Behaviors Among African Americans: A Systematic Review

This systematic review examines the relationship between acculturation and health behaviors in African Americans. To meet inclusion criteria, studies published in English had to examine the relationship between acculturation and a health behavior among African Americans of any age (including children and adults). Twenty-one studies met criteria for inclusion. Studies assessed the relationship of acculturation to one or more of six different health behaviors: tobacco use, alcohol use, illicit drug use, risky sexual behavior, health-promoting behaviors (e.g., physical activity), and cancer screening. Although some studies found that a traditional African American orientation was associated with unhealthy behaviors, other studies found the opposite or no relationship. Also, for several health behaviors, only one or two studies were available, making it difficult to make definitive conclusions about the relationship of acculturation to these health behaviors. Thus, findings should be considered preliminary. Studies examining the relationship between acculturation and health behaviors among African Americans are needed.

Utilizing an Innovative Preceptor Video Mini-Series to Prepare Students for Experiential Rotations: Does it Work?

Objectives: To determine whether an innovative Mini-Series training model originally developed for preceptors could be beneficial to pharmacy students prior to and/or after beginning their introductory or advanced pharmacy practice experiences.
 Methods: This program consists of twelve incremental video episodes, each ranging from five to eight minutes in length. It tells the story of a young pharmacy preceptor as she guides a third and fourth year student through a challenging six-week clinical hospital rotation. Two to three reflection questions were written for each individual episode, focusing on student issues portrayed in the videos. Two-hour viewing sessions, consisting of all (12) video episodes and facilitated student reflection were held for 2nd – 4th year professional students on two campuses. At conclusion of each session, students completed a short evaluation to gauge the effectiveness and potential application of the Mini-Series program.
 Results: Fifty-six (56) students (22 fourth-year, 6 third-ear, and 28 second-year) participated in the voluntary viewing sessions. All students either agreed or strongly agreed that the Mini-Series program was entertaining and educational. In addition, 82% of students strongly agreed this program would be beneficial for students prior to taking their first experiential rotation, while only 47% strongly agreed it would be beneficial after they had started rotations. On a 5-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree), participants reported a mean of 4.6 that this medium is more effective than traditional lecture orientations held by the Office of Experiential Programs. On three open-ended questions, students provided a diversity of suggestions for enhancing the Mini-Series to make it more effective for students.
 Implications: The “Mini-Series” model was well received by students as a training medium to deliver educational content. As a result, more programs are being developed utilizing this innovative teaching method to help prepare students for future experiential rotations.
 Conflict of Interest
 The authors report no conflicts of interest or financial incentives to disclose related to this project. Dr. Craig D. Cox conceptualized, developed, and directed the Mini-Seriesprogram described in the manuscript. All funding for and all income generated by the program studied is the property of the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy.
 
 Type: Original Research

Social negotiations of meanings and changes in the beliefs of prospective teachers: A vygotskian perspective

This study presents an exploration of the belief changes of prospective teachers (PTs) through social co-constructivist teaching. The future presumed in-class teaching orientations of the PTs were also estimated by metaphor analysis. A case study was conducted to monitor the belief changes of the PTs and estimate their probable in-class practices. The participants were six PTs involved in a certification in education programme. The data were gathered from the following different sources; interviews, written reflections and metaphor explanations. The data that were analysed interpretatively and specific parts of the analysed data were subjected to quantification. The PTs held considerably conventional and idealistic teaching beliefs prior to the implementations. The PTs improved their reasoning and enlarged their conceptualisations regarding teaching and learning after the implementations. Five types of teaching belief typologies displaying inherently sophisticated nature of the beliefs were extracted. Some of the PTs appeared to have promise in terms of implementing more learner-centred teaching; however, others preserved their traditional teaching practical orientations. It was considered that changes in teaching beliefs may have motivational and attitudinal dimensions. Finally, capturing the metaphors of the PTs regarding teaching and learning appeared to provide more realistic insights into the estimated in-class practical orientations.

Market Orientation and Kaizen Readiness in the Automobile Dealership Context

IntroductionWith the accumulation of research on market orientation since the 1990s (Kohli & Jaworski, 1990; Narver & Slater, 1990), a consensus seems to be emerging regarding the impact of market orientation. Briefly put, it has been indicated that market orientation has a positive impact on performance through innovation, perceived quality, and loyalty (Kirca, Jayachandran, & Bearden, 2005). However, as most prior studies assume that the unit of analysis is the SBU (Kohli & Jaworski, 1990; Narver & Slater, 1990), limited attention has been paid to the nature of market orientation in the context of service where direct interaction with customers is required (Kosuge, 2015). This paper empirically examines the impact of market orientation in such a context.Specifically, this paper focuses on continuous improvement, or kaizen,1 which is a key concept in operations management, to test the hypothesis that market orientation leads to continuous improvement. The basis of this hypothesis is the idea that a value system that emphasizes sensing and responding to existing and latent customer needs promotes opportunities to improve existing work methods and tools. This hypothesis is based on the findings of Kosuge and Takahashi (2016), who considered the process through which a Japanese automobile dealership company developed a market orientation and is also supported by existing literature. If this hypothesis is true, it would suggest that market orientation is far more than a in the service context (Kirca et al., 2005).Market Orientation and Kaizen ReadinessKosuge and Takahashi (2016) describe a case of an automobile dealership company that made a long-term shift from a traditional selling orientation dependent on individual skills to a process-focused market orientation. An overview of this case is provided below.• The market orientation program focuses on processes; moreover, the team was perceived by salespersons as threatening their concept of themselves as lone wolves. It was thus rejected by most of them.• However, among the 54 shops, three shops that were performing poorly adopted market orientation. Subsequently, these shops began a continuous reassessment of their existing work methods and tools and devised various improvements. As the staff accumulated successful experiences, shops that had merely been groups of individualistic salespersons began to function as a single organization.• The top management selected managers from these three shops and modified the existing evaluation and reward system to spread the form of market orientation within the organization.It is particularly noteworthy that at these shops, the adoption of market orientation engendered values geared toward sensing and responding to customers' needs; this consequently promoted a continuous update of operations. For example, in the past a particular salesperson had been assigned to each customer. The shops moved to a system whereby a sales team, and not just a particular salesperson, would be responsible for taking care of the customer. Further, follow-up cards were employed in the past to monitor and control such customer contact activities, reminding them to ensure that their car was inspected. These follow-up cards were refined as tools for salespersons to ensure dialogue with their supervisors about customers.Kaizen, or continuous improvement, can be viewed as a learning process, so the above findings are consistent with prior studies that highlight learning orientation as being a mediator between market orientation and performance. For example, Slater and Narver (1995) stated that market orientation is the principal cultural foundation of the learning organization. In other words, a market-oriented organization will create a cultural framework that leads to the development of learning orientation (Farrell, 2000).Based on the above observation and discussion, rather than the idea of market orientation being a hygiene factor in the service context (Kirca et al. …

A single-sided method based on transient plane source technique for thermal conductivity measurement of liquids

It is well acknowledged that the onset of natural convection have significant impacts on transient thermal conductivity measurement of liquids. Aiming at this drawback, a single-sided horizontal method based on the transient hot disk technique is proposed to perform more accurate measurements of liquids by suppressing natural convection during the tests. Theoretical solutions of this proposed single-sided method are deduced, and numerical simulations are applied to obtain quantified effects of natural convections. Some experiments are performed to verify the numerical settings. Water, glycol and methanol are analyzed numerically using both the traditional vertical orientation method and the single-sided horizontal method. Both temperature profiles and velocity profiles are recorded. It is found that the viscosity and the coefficient of thermal expansion of liquid samples are the key factors for the onset of natural convection. For single-sided horizontal method, the temperature boundary is 2mm thinner and the maximum velocity is an order lower when testing water compared with the results from vertical method. Besides, the average temperature of the sensor recorded in single-sided horizontal method fits better with the standard value for all tested liquid samples. All of these analyses show that the proposed single-sided horizontal method can effectively suppress the onset of natural convection during the measurements.

Unravelling the foci of employee commitment

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend understanding regarding the basis and foci of employee commitment. It does so by exploring the direction towards employee centric rather than an assumed organisation basis of commitment.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data of over 300 employees from a variety of organisations in the Republic of Ireland were collected. Data focussed on worker orientations and their foci of commitment.FindingsThe findings confirm a more pluralistic and mixed basis to the antecedents of worker commitment, as opposed to an assumed human resource management unitarist ideology often promoted by organisational managers. At the level of individual workers, a dominant focus for commitment relates to career development and the milieu of an immediate workgroup.Practical implicationsThere are three implications. First, mutual gains possibilities are not straightforward and there are practical pitfalls that employee interests may get squeezed should managerial and customer interests take precedence. Second, there remain competing elements between job security, flexibility and autonomy which can impact performance. Finally, line managers are key conduits shaping commitment and especially psychological contract outcomes.Originality/valueThis paper unpacks the relationship between ideological orientation and an individual’s foci of commitment. The research found that traditional orientations and foci of commitment are deficient and that simplified individualistic interpretations of the employment relationship are complex and require more critical scrutiny.

Testing Accuracy and Repeatability of UAV Blocks Oriented with GNSS-Supported Aerial Triangulation

UAV Photogrammetry today already enjoys a largely automated and efficient data processing pipeline. However, the goal of dispensing with Ground Control Points looks closer, as dual-frequency GNSS receivers are put on board. This paper reports on the accuracy in object space obtained by GNSS-supported orientation of four photogrammetric blocks, acquired by a senseFly eBee RTK and all flown according to the same flight plan at 80 m above ground over a test field. Differential corrections were sent to the eBee from a nearby ground station. Block orientation has been performed with three software packages: PhotoScan, Pix4D and MicMac. The influence on the checkpoint errors of the precision given to the projection centers has been studied: in most cases, values in Z are critical. Without GCP, the RTK solution consistently achieves a RMSE of about 2–3 cm on the horizontal coordinates of checkpoints. In elevation, the RMSE varies from flight to flight, from 2 to 10 cm. Using at least one GCP, with all packages and all test flights, the geocoding accuracy of GNSS-supported orientation is almost as good as that of a traditional GCP orientation in XY and only slightly worse in Z.

The link between time orientation and religious orientation among American college students

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to explore how an individual’s religion relates to their time orientation. Specifically, we hypothesised (a) intrinsic orientation would positively correlate with future orientation, (b) extrinsic orientation would positively correlate with present-hedonistic orientation, (c) quest orientation would positively correlate with present-hedonistic and future orientations, (d) orthodox orientation would positively correlate with past positive orientation, and (e) secularism would positively correlate with past negative orientation, present-fatalistic and future orientations. Participants (n = 150) completed an online survey of time orientation and religious orientation. The results showed that perceptions of the past are strongly linked to religious orientation, with more positive perceptions being linked to the more traditional orientations, and less positive perceptions linked to the looser and secularist orientations.

Testing two mechanisms linking work-to-family conflict to individual consequences: do gender and gender role orientation make a difference?

Based on social role theory and a gender role orientation perspective, this study extended the two mechanisms (i.e. resource depletion and source attribution) that link work-to-family conflict to perceived accomplishment in the family and work domains by testing the moderating effects of gender and gender role orientation on the relationships. Data were collected from managers via questionnaires in China, and 225 cases were analyzed with hierarchical regression models. The results showed that compared with female managers, the negative relationship between work-to-family conflict and perceived family accomplishment was stronger for male managers. Within the male group, we found that the negative relationship between work-to-family conflict and perceived family accomplishment was stronger for male managers with an egalitarian gender role orientation than those with a traditional gender role orientation. In addition, for male managers with a traditional gender role orientation, there was a positive relationship between work-to-family conflict and perceived work accomplishment. The theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

Innovación tecnológica y curtiduría en el estado de Guanajuato

Technological innovation comprises the introduction of new technologies and products that respond to the emerging needs of society and market, and extends to all sectors of the manufacturing industry. The responsiveness of companies in the tannery industry in mexico in a setting where technology and environment-friendly products growth surpasses the growing ratio of the other economy sectors is analized in this context.We analize the social and economical factors that determine the transition from this industry to one with cleaner processes and technologies. Results point towards the fact that the sector gathers in two clearly defined groups; big companies linked to the “Cámara de Industriales de la Curtiduría”, which hold an environmental policy, novel technologies and strategies to observe the environmental norm, and small and medium sized companies with a traditional orientation, linked to the “Asociacion Nacional de Curtidores”, which show a greater resistance against the adoption of environmental practices and are oriented towards national market. it is concluded, among other factors, that the kind of market is a greater influence into adopting environmental innovative practices than the national normative itself.

Ідейні засади культурної ідентичності кримських татар: контексти формування

The article describes the current ideological grounds of the cultural identity of the Crimean Tatars; the historical and political contexts of their formation is studied, comparative analysis of the activity of the first institutional bodies of the Crimean Tatar national movement – National movement of the Crimean Tatars and Organization of the Crimean Tatar national movement – representations of the ideological longings of the nation, is performed; their role in the creation, expansion, extension of the meaning and practical implementation of the ideological grounds stated in program documents of the named organizations, are determined; it analyzes their differences in the strategic value landmarks and tactical steps, stipulated by them, which have become the reason of different vectors of the mentioned institutional representatives of the Crimean Tatar people in the process of cultural identification, based on unified ideological grounds – national identity, repatriation and national-cultural revival. This study articulates the value of the ideological grounds of the cultural identification of the Crimean Tatars in solving a whole range of problems, caused by the return of the Crimean Tatars to their historical motherland. The traditional orientation of the power establishments of the independent Ukraine on the economic, inter-ethnic, religious segments of the integration process of the Crimean Tatars into the Ukrainian community, neutralized the role of their value orientations and ideological longings, which in its turn did not allow to see the Crimean Tatars as the most proUkrainian power in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The importance of the analysis of the ideological grounds of the cultural identity of the Crimean Tatars, differences in strategic values and tactical steps of the various establishments of the Crimean Tatar national movement, is stipulated by the search of models of efficient projects to return and re-integrate the occupied territory of Ukraine, which would include the humanitarian components, based on specific ideological and valuable grounds, but not limited to the economical and political measures.

Attitudes towards women’s career advancement in Latin America: The moderating impact of perceived company international proactiveness

While companies operating in Latin America have witnessed increased female leadership participation, the region remains characterized by traditional gender role attitudes. This juxtaposition of traditional machismo attitudes towards women along with progress in women’s leadership participation make this setting ideal for examining a topic of continued worldwide debate: women’s career advancement. This study examines attitudes towards the career advancement of women—a historically marginalized group in Latin America. Building on the extant literature, we test the negative association between traditional gender role orientations and attitudes towards women’s career advancement, both directly and via a mediated relationship through acceptance of women in the workplace. We then theoretically and empirically extend this literature by examining an important context-related moderator—a company’s international proactiveness—which we contend serves as a mechanism for keeping traditional machismo attitudes from manifesting. We examine these relationships within a sample of 973 respondents within the Latin American countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. Our findings support our hypotheses and provide practical insight into the important, yet generally not considered effects of a company’s internationalization efforts on attitudes towards the career advancement of women.

Cultural Orientation and Its Associations with Alcohol Use by University Students in China.

Cultural orientation is defined as an individual’s cultural preferences when encountering imported culture while still living in the native culture. Data was analyzed from 1305 Chinese university students attending universities in Beijing, Kunming, and Wuhan. Cultural orientation was assessed with the Chinese Cultural Orientation Questionnaire, which assesses both Western and Traditional Chinese cultural orientations. The analysis used hierarchical logistic regression with nondrinkers as the reference group and controlling for demographic factors (age, gender, and urban/rural background). Western cultural orientation was found to significantly increase the odds of recent drinking. The results indicated that higher Western cultural orientation was, after gender, the second most important factor associated with Chinese college student drinking frequency. Traditional Chinese cultural orientation was not associated with drinking frequency. This study highlights an unexpected outcome of globalization on students who have not left their home cultures.

Meeting Education Needs of Flexible Staffing: Begin With the End in Mind

In our multicenter organization, we prepare personnel to practice at consistent levels of excellence. Centralized orientation programs facilitate sharing best practice and collective vision. When acute needs for care delivery occur, traditional orientation is not feasible. Regardless of staffing model or training methodology, performance at the bedside must be equal. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2016;47(9):390-392.

Leaving behind our preparadigmatic past: Professional psychology as a unified clinical science.

The behavioral and neurosciences have made remarkable progress recently in advancing the scientific understanding of human psychology. Though research in many areas is still in its early stages, knowledge of many psychological processes is now firmly grounded in experimental tests of falsifiable theories and supports a unified, paradigmatic understanding of human psychology that is thoroughly consistent with the rest of the natural sciences. This new body of knowledge poses critical questions for professional psychology, which still often relies on the traditional theoretical orientations and other preparadigmatic practices for guiding important aspects of clinical education and practice. This article argues that professional psychology needs to systematically transition to theoretical frameworks and a curriculum that are based on an integrated scientific understanding of human psychology. Doing so would be of historic importance for the field and would result in major changes to professional psychology education and practice. It would also allow the field to emerge as a true clinical science. (PsycINFO Database Record

Market-Oriented Destination Marketing

As competition among destinations has intensified, researchers have increasingly advocated for a market-oriented approach to destination marketing. Unfortunately, the unique stakeholder structure of the destination marketing environment precludes a direct application of the traditional market orientation paradigm to this domain. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to empirically develop an operational definition of the market orientation construct that can be applied to destination marketing organizations. Based on the tenets of stakeholder theory, this research proposes a multiple-stakeholder view of the marketing concept and develops its attendant operational construct. Referred to herein as a multistakeholder market orientation (MSMO), this construct is proposed and operationalized as reflective of the extent to which a destination marketing organization (DMO) implements the marketing concept across the stakeholder spectrum. The nomological validity of this construct is established by testing the effect of the proposed MSMO construct on DMO performance.

A Longitudinal Study of Work After Retirement: Examining Predictors of Bridge Employment, Continued Career Employment, and Retirement.

Older employees are increasingly accepting bridge employment, which occurs when older workers take employment for pay after they retire from their main career. This study examined predictors of workers' decisions to engage in bridge employment versus full retirement and career employment. A national sample of 482 older people in the United States was surveyed regarding various work-related and nonwork related predictors of retirement decisions, and their retirement status was measured 5 years later. In bivariate analyses, both work-related variables (career goal achievement and experienced pressure to retire) and nonwork-related variables (psychological distress and traditional gender role orientation) predicted taking bridge employment, but in multinomial logistic regression, only nonwork variables had unique effects. Few predictors differentiated the bridge employed and fully retired groups. Nonwork variables were salient in making the decision to retire, and bridge employment may be conceptually more similar to full retirement than to career employment.

A GENERIC PROBABILISTIC MODEL AND A HIERARCHICAL SOLUTION FOR SENSOR LOCALIZATION IN NOISY AND RESTRICTED CONDITIONS

A generic probabilistic model, under fundamental Bayes’ rule and Markov assumption, is introduced to integrate the process of mobile platform localization with optical sensors. And based on it, three relative independent solutions, bundle adjustment, Kalman filtering and particle filtering are deduced under different and additional restrictions. We want to prove that first, Kalman filtering, may be a better initial-value supplier for bundle adjustment than traditional relative orientation in irregular strips and networks or failed tie-point extraction. Second, in high noisy conditions, particle filtering can act as a bridge for gap binding when a large number of gross errors fail a Kalman filtering or a bundle adjustment. Third, both filtering methods, which help reduce the error propagation and eliminate gross errors, guarantee a global and static bundle adjustment, who requires the strictest initial values and control conditions. The main innovation is about the integrated processing of stochastic errors and gross errors in sensor observations, and the integration of the three most used solutions, bundle adjustment, Kalman filtering and particle filtering into a generic probabilistic localization model. The tests in noisy and restricted situations are designed and examined to prove them.

A GENERIC PROBABILISTIC MODEL AND A HIERARCHICAL SOLUTION FOR SENSOR LOCALIZATION IN NOISY AND RESTRICTED CONDITIONS

Abstract. A generic probabilistic model, under fundamental Bayes’ rule and Markov assumption, is introduced to integrate the process of mobile platform localization with optical sensors. And based on it, three relative independent solutions, bundle adjustment, Kalman filtering and particle filtering are deduced under different and additional restrictions. We want to prove that first, Kalman filtering, may be a better initial-value supplier for bundle adjustment than traditional relative orientation in irregular strips and networks or failed tie-point extraction. Second, in high noisy conditions, particle filtering can act as a bridge for gap binding when a large number of gross errors fail a Kalman filtering or a bundle adjustment. Third, both filtering methods, which help reduce the error propagation and eliminate gross errors, guarantee a global and static bundle adjustment, who requires the strictest initial values and control conditions. The main innovation is about the integrated processing of stochastic errors and gross errors in sensor observations, and the integration of the three most used solutions, bundle adjustment, Kalman filtering and particle filtering into a generic probabilistic localization model. The tests in noisy and restricted situations are designed and examined to prove them.

Trends in Addressing Social Needs: A Longitudinal Study of Congregation-Based Service Provision and Political Participation

When congregations seek to address social needs, they often pursue this goal through acts of service and political engagement. Over the past three decades, a tremendous amount of research has been dedicated to analyzing congregation-based service provision and political participation. However, little is known about how congregations’ involvement in these arenas has changed during this period. To help fill this gap, this study analyzes three waves of data from a national survey of congregations to assess how congregations’ participation patterns in service-related and political activities have been changing since the 1990s. It also examines trends among subpopulations of congregations grouped by their religious tradition, ethnoracial composition, and ideological orientation. Overall, this study finds that among most types of congregations, the percentage participating in service-related activities is substantial and increasing, while the percentage participating in political activities is less substantial and decreasing. This decline in political participation has implications for the role congregations play in addressing social needs. Relieving immediate needs through service provision without also pursuing long-term solutions through political participation can limit congregations’ ability to comprehensively address social needs. Among the few types of congregations that have high and/or increasing participation rates in both service-related and political activities are Catholic, predominantly Hispanic, and politically liberal congregations.