Traditional Organizational Models Research Articles

Construction information model as a tool to reduce information uncertainty in the operational management of construction

The construction of capital construction projects is a complex probabilistic dynamic system subject to numerous external and internal factors. With the complexity, uniqueness of the construction object or constrained conditions for the production of work, the number of such factors increases, as a result, information uncertainty in construction management increases, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the use of traditional organizational and technological models. It is required to search for new and improve existing models. One such model is the construction information model. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the reduction of information uncertainty in the operational management of construction by changing the structural links in the construction management system and the use of a construction information model as a dynamic organizational and technological model. The transition to information modeling technologies requires the main participants in the investment and construction project to change the form of interaction, as well as changes in communication patterns in the structures of individual organizations. For example, the management of construction organizations should continuously manage construction using a building information model. The organizational structure in which the building information model is used positively affects the following aspects of the control system: reduces transaction costs between departments and services; provides high information content; improves the consistency of information between services by analyzing data from a single source; speeds up the decision-making process; increases the stability of the management system, taking into account external and internal factors; enhances organizational reliability. The significance of the presented results for the construction industry is to reduce information uncertainty in the operational management of construction by changing the structural links and information transfer scheme, as well as the continuous collection, storage and analysis of information coming from the construction site into a single construction information model.

Artificial Intelligence and Human Workers Interaction

Artificial intelligence are one of the representative technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, which promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises to automated and intelligent production. As changes of traditional work scenarios and organizational models are happening, understanding how robots will influence human worker in various aspects is becoming more and more important for the reason that companies need to ensure a healthy and efficient relationship between human and robots. In particular, it is essential to figure out how human workers will be influenced. This question has attracted a lot of attention from academic and practical circles. However, the impact of the use of robots on employees and the mechanism of its generation have not yet been systematically reviewed and summarized. In this paper, a detailed summary is presented on the topic focusing on how robots will influence human workers in two separate ways: mental state and job performance. The whole summary will be developed from a basic understanding of the current stage of robotics application to the psychological and behavioral responses of employees induced by use of robots. The theories involved in the existing studies are also sorted out and reviewed, with an ultimate production of a research framework and future research directions.

Taylorism on steroids or enabling autonomy? A systematic review of algorithmic management

AbstractThe use of algorithmic management systems is rapidly changing organizational models and practices, as millions of workers in multiple sectors worldwide are managed by computer software. Despite receiving increasing academic interest, little summarizing literature exist on the ways algorithmic systems are used in management. This article aims to fill this gap by systematically reviewing and qualitatively analyzing 172 articles on the topic. Our research contributes to the existent algorithmic management literature in three ways. First, we provide a descriptive overview of algorithmic management as a field of research. Second, we identify and synthesize the discussion on the key concepts of the topic, namely how algorithmic management: (1) simultaneously restrains and enables workers’ autonomy—yet income dependency and other factors force inflexible work practices; (2) creates a complex, digital version of Taylorism; and (3) creates new and changes existing organizational power structures. Third, as our main theoretical contribution, we create the framework of Algorithmic Management Grid that demonstrates the ways in which organizations use algorithmic systems in management. The Algorithmic Management Grid illustrates how, in both novel and traditional organizational models, algorithmic management may be used with emphasis either on controlling or enabling workers. Based on the reviewed literature, we claim that so far, companies have mostly utilized algorithmic systems in a controlling manner, neglecting the technology’s enabling potential in organizing.

P220 REMOTE MONITORING IN FOLLOW–UP OF ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE

Abstract Background Hospitalization is the home route after discharge of elderly patients with heart failure are associated with a high mortality rate (up to 50 % in the first six months) and repeated re–hospitalizations in the first three months, with a peak within thirty days of discharge despite therapy. Telehomecare offers concrete answers to the needs of specialized assistance, usable and in real time, but, on the other hand, the telematic follow–up lends itself to a considerable degree of distrust of non–traditional organizational models. Objectives The primary objective of this project is to evaluate the reduction of re–hospitalizations through a telematic follow–up by creating a low–cost virtual clinic. Secondary objective to assess the quality of life in the elderly large patient and the managerial continuity between hospital–home. MATERIALS AND Methods An initial narrative review of the literature was conducted by consulting the major data–bases available (Pub–Med, Chinhal and Cochrane Library) and then a qualitative survey of a sample of convenience of 31 users with an average age of 80,4 aa to assess the effectiveness of virtual follow–up . To assess the quality of life (qol) will be administered the questionnaire MLIHF Minnesota living with Heart Failure. The data will then be recorded on an excel sheet and analyzed through the R–Studio software. Results Through telemedicine interventions and teleconsultation has been achieved to a greater awareness of the health status of the patient and an empowerment of the selfcare that helps to ensure therapeutic adherence and to contain and/or avoid the progression of NYHA class, also improving the quality of life and the disconfort of travel Conclusions Home telemonitoring opens up new perspectives for chronically serious patients and shows potential benefits for patients‘ quality of life and cost containment. In our experience, the monitoring of telemedicine in patients with Heart Failure of high risk age (average age 80.4 years) will lead to an increased awareness of the disease, and the complete and specific training of the caregiver will become fundamental to build a solid social network system for the success of teledisease management.

MOKYTOJAS LYDERIS IKIMOKYKLINĖJE ĮSTAIGOJE

Research on the phenomenon of leadership in recent years has revealed that attitudes in society towards who can be a leader in education are changing. This is actualized both by the research conducted by researchers and by the Lithuanian strategic educational documents, which emphasize that anyone who ignites their ideas, is committed to change and leads others can be a leader in the organization. As a result, leadership is no longer confined to school managers. The expression of leadership becomes no less important for every participant in the educational process: teachers, parents, children and other members of the school community. Today, the school that prepares its students for the future and the entire education system can no longer function according to traditional organizational governance models that recognize one-person management and leadership. Transforming the education system to meet the demands of an ever-changing society on its future members requires not only political will but also education leaders committed to change. Promoting the leadership of pre-school teachers should be one of the strategic goals of the institution and the pursuit of educational goals and change at both the institutional and national levels. The opportunity for teachers to become involved and participate in the management and change processes of the educational institution, to develop the traits and qualities of a leader allows them to grow both as educational professionals and as personalities.

What Is at Stake in the Interaction between Media Arts and Cultural Industries in Lebanon

What Is at Stake in the Interaction between Media Arts and Cultural Industries in Lebanon

Safeguarding Information in Service Science with Service Integration

Service Science can be described through information, that underpins knowledge as enabler of service value chain. Therefore data, as a part of information, is a basic asset of the service market where undertakings constantly face high competition and try to protect such assets from malicious attackers. Information as to be preserved also for regulatory constraints, and traditional organizational models can have limits in doing so. In this paper it is discussed the possibility to manage both data protection and cyber security through an information security integrated management service (ISIMS). In fact, as per other cross-functional knowledge, information security and data privacy compliance can be managed via an integrated approach, as a possible evolution of the common organizational separation between their respective domains, namely Legal and IT. Moreover, this paper identifies major areas of benefits as well as current lack of integrated systems for information safeguard in Service Science.

“Sorry, We’re Closed”: Applying Business Models to Failed Terrorist Organizations

The application of specific, business organizational models to understand terrorism remains absent in the literature. This article argues business models can apply to understanding terrorist organizational behavior. Two traditional organizational models are integrated with two terrorist organizations to examine their leadership and management. These two business models successfully demonstrate which elements of terrorist group organization potentially lead to their failure, specifically a lack of concern for administrative functions. This paper more broadly suggests specific models within business organizational theory offer an insight into future growth or decline of a terrorist organization.

CIVILIZATIONAL CHALLENGES OF THE XXI CENTURY: MODERNIZATION OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF MASTERS OF SOCIAL WORK

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the research strategy of the problem of modernization of the professional training of masters of social work. The adoption of the Global Definition of Social Work in July 2014 requires revision of the models of training social workers in order to reflect qualitative changes. In the context of the post-classical paradigm, the modernization of the pedagogical system is understood as a way of managing pedagogical processes, which involves eliminating the limitations of the development of the corresponding object. Based on a retrospective analysis, there are three strategies for modernizing a social object: through changes with a cultural pattern orientation, through innovations, on the basis of analytical and synthetic comprehension of functions and structures. Implementation of the theoretical approach to the modernization of vocational training becomes possible due to the development of science. An analysis of trends in the development of world-view knowledge convinces, the object of modern scientific research is complex systems that are historically evolving. Hence, the system of professional training of masters of social work should be considered as a dynamic object, an adaptable system. Taking into account the provisions of the system methodology, the strategy of comprehensive study of the modernization of professional masters training is based on the principles of integrity, functionality, hierarchy, self-organization, integration. The proposed strategy of complex research allows us to develop a model of a pedagogical system that has the quality of self-organization. Its use will allow identifying and eliminating contradictions, development barriers that are inherent in traditional structures and organizational models.

Social Networks and Health Governance.

This paper addresses the health challenges of contemporary societies, where stakeholders with diverse, and sometimes antagonistic interests, are faced with the establishment of a public agenda for the health care of the population. In this field, the modern welfare state plays an important role, not only as an implementing agent of the public agenda but also as a guarantor in the provision of services. In this essay, we will explore the concept of governance, which seeks to analyze the new governance practices in late modernity, incorporating the complicated relationship among stakeholders, in a scheme where ingredients such as popular participation and social control of public affairs are put to the fore. The theme of networks is introduced as an instrument for understanding the phenomenon of governance. The concept of health governance is constructed to explain the phenomena of new organizational schemes of public management, especially from the fact that new actors enter the stage. It is no longer possible to have a close picture of reality by using traditional organizational analysis models. It is essential to incorporate other theoretical-methodological instruments, and we believe that the analysis of social networks is an essential tool for understanding this complex reality.

Institutional research as a bridge

Purpose This paper explores the roles of institutional research (IR) units in higher education, examining both internal and external responsibilities and demands. The purpose of this paper is to encourage a broader strategic discussion of the missions and capacities of such academic institutional entities. Design/methodology/approach The methodology employed begins with a review of relevant literature, followed by critical observations of an experienced reflective practitioner. Beginning with the premise that academic institutions are central, the paper discusses the external environment of institutions and the requirements placed on their internal IR operations. A core question is presented: research for whom? Both traditional and alternative organizational models are discussed in this light. The paper then explores ways in which data needs might be aligned in order to provide accountable, useful and transparent information to all stakeholders, internal and external. Findings Findings show that the linking of internal information needs with those of external actors is key to effective operations; that IR units should seek to be a bridge between their institution and its environment so that effective information can be provided to all who need it. The paper is not designed as a detailed operational roadmap, but rather to highlight issues for examination within the context of specific institutional and agency situations. Originality/value Its originality stems from the focus on such linkages and the call for organizational leaders to recognize the full value of IR both within and across organizational boundaries.

A theory-driven evaluation of Integrated Health and Social Care Programmes in the Apulia Region

Introduction: Service delivery has traditionally developed in ways that have tended to fragment care. In the last decades, however, the growing numbers of people with complex needs (i.e. chronic conditions and multiple care needs) have required the development of delivery systems that bring together a range of professionals and skills from both the cure and care sectors to meet those needs. In other words, on the one hand people needs are changing and growing challenging the financial sustainability of health care systems while on the other delivery services are still linked to traditional organizational models and resources – people, time, facilities and knowledge— are scarce. In this contest Integrated care (IC) arrangements have emerged in a variety of ways and have become a priority in the policy agenda at National and Regional level throughout Europe. In response to concerns that the needs of the aging population for well-integrated care are increasing, our research aims to evaluate the impact of IC programs in terms of improvements in the quality of life, patient satisfaction, staff satisfaction and change in work processes. According to the literature evidence stating that the effectiveness of attempts to provide better integrated care is highly dependent on the context in which the intervention takes place and cannot be seen separated from this, the question guiding our research shifts from “what is the effectiveness of the particular integrated model (compared with non-integrated)?” to “what is the effectiveness of integrated model designed for a specific context?.”Theory and methods: We employed a theory-driven approach for the evaluation of IC programs in the Apulia Region (Italy). It requires surfacing the assumptions on which the program is based in considerable detail: what activities are being conducted, what effect each particular activity will have, what the program does next, what the expected response is, what happens next, what are the expected outcomes. Then the evaluation follows each step in the sequence in order to assess whether the expected mini-steps are actually experienced or not. According to this approach the evaluation aims to answer the following questions: what are the aims of IC? Why IC arrangements have emerged? What approaches work well and in what contexts? What is the role of different actors? What are the facilitating factors? What are the key components of good practical examples found? How to align objectives? What resources are required to make integration succeed and how can these be efficiently distributed and used?We adopted a multi-method approach triangulating data from different sources in order to gain an in-depth picture of the contexts, mechanisms and driving factors of IC. These include qualitative data collection, interviews and questionnaires with decision makers, staff, and patient/service users and non-participant observation of meetings. The evaluation presented is part of a broader three year PhD research project on the evaluation of IC.Results: The evaluation involved a number of activities leading to an exercise of judgement and an important part of the logic of the evaluation was to develop a set of hypotheses based on the ‘theory of change’. These evaluations aimed not only to understand the contribution made by a programme or activity to achieving outcomes, but also to interrogate evidence and communicate findings to support both learning and accountability. In the first paragraph we discuss the program theory underlying IC program based on the literature, on national and regional regulations and on interviews with decision-makers, we identify the main people and organisations involved and their roles, and we assess the financial flows. We then present some of the findings of the evaluation derived from staff questionnaires and patient questionnaires related to various domains (i.e. communication, care planning, frequency of certain critical events, job changes, satisfaction etc.). We finally discuss the results in order to derive some lessons from the experiences analysed and to process mapping the patient journey.Conclusion and discussion: The evaluation of IC arrangements is complicate and this is due to the complexity of the intervention itself, the fact that the evaluation may require detailed data collection across the health care system, the necessity (at least in some arrangements) to take into account other sectors than the health sector as well, the inclusion of a substantial percentage of patients with co-morbidity, and the situation that integrated care programmes may cover multiple patient groups.

Common knowledge?: an ethnography of Wikipedia

With an emphasis on peer-produced content and collaboration, Wikipedia exemplifies a departure from traditional management and organizational models. This iconic project has been variously characterized as a hive mind and an information revolution, attracting millions of new users even as it has been denigrated as anarchic and plagued by misinformation. Have Wikipedia's structure and inner workings promoted its astonishing growth and enduring public relevance? In Common Knowledge?, Dariusz Jemielniak draws on his academic expertise and years of active participation within the Wikipedia community to take readers inside the site, illuminating how it functions and deconstructing its distinctive organization. Against a backdrop of misconceptions about its governance, authenticity, and accessibility, Jemielniak delivers the first ethnography of Wikipedia, revealing that it is not entirely at the mercy of the public: instead, it balances open access and power with a unique bureaucracy that takes a page from traditional organizational forms. Along the way, Jemielniak incorporates fascinating cases that highlight the tug of war among the participants as they forge ahead in this pioneering environment.

Commentary

In the Point-Counterpoint section of this issue, Kastor discusses the pros and cons of a new, institute-based administrative structure that was developed at the Cleveland Clinic in 2008, ostensibly to improve the quality and efficiency of patient care. The real issue underlying this organizational transformation is not whether the institute model is better than the traditional model; instead, the issue is whether the traditional academic health center (AHC) structure is viable or whether it must evolve. The traditional academic model, in which the department and chair retain a great deal of autonomy and authority, and in which decision-making processes are legislative in nature, is too tedious and laborious to effectively compete in today's health care market. The current health care market is demanding greater efficiencies, lower costs, and thus greater integration, as well as more transparency and accountability. Improvements in both quality and efficiency will demand coordination and integration. Focusing on quality and efficiency requires organizational structures that facilitate cohesion and teamwork, and traditional organizational models will not suffice. These new structures must and will replace the loose amalgamation of the traditional AHC to develop the focus and cohesion to address the pressures of an evolving health care system. Because these new structures should lead to more successful clinical enterprises, they will, in fact, support the traditional academic missions of research and education more successfully than traditional organizational models can.

Examining Student Identification With The Alumni Organization At A 4-Year Commuter Campus

Past research has identified several institutional and individual antecedents that lead to greater intent to support an organization. This paper takes an organizational identification approach in developing an Alumni Relationship Model (ARM) that can be used by universities to generate greater support for their Alumni services activities. This paper shows that by going beyond traditional organizational identification models and by introducing new variables, it is possible to broaden and enrich both practice and theory of organizational identification within a university setting.

The Organization of Modern MNEs is More Complicated than the Old Models of Global, Multidomestic, and Transnational

In this paper we review the traditional organizational models for multinational enterprises (MNEs), point out their usefulness as ideal models to analyze the organizational structures of MNEs according to the global integration/local responsiveness framework, and discuss some of their limitations as accurate characterizations of modern MNEs. Additionally, we describe a more complete typology that can be used to analyze and characterize modern MNEs.

The Decade Horribilis: Organized Violence and Organized Crime along the Balkan Peripheries, 1991–2001

The 10-year-long cycle of war that swept the Balkan peripheries saw the soldering of nationalist agendas, local clientelistic interests, and transnational illicit activities. This investigation seeks to shed light on the nexus that exists between this collusive admixture and the process of violent geopolitical rearticulation. Using mainly investigative journalism and specialized research, the author explores underground political economies, mapping out illicit flows, reading the modifications in routes and distribution modalities in connection with power shifts and war. The analysis moves from the Croatian secession to the explosion of the ‘Albanian question’, from the underpinnings of Milošević's regime to the independence of Montenegro. The author identifies distinctive regularities that underlie the symbiotic relationship between political power and organized crime structures: a possible discontinuity is discerned in the longue durée trajectory of state making, war making and illicit trades. While the political holds primacy, the global neo-liberal economy de-structures traditional organizational models, empowers intermediation, and gives organized crime a formidable opportunity to emancipate itself from the traditional role of provider, often allowing direct intervention in the management of political violence and in the moulding of state structures.

Chapter 17. Preservation, Security, and Digital Content

Institutions must expand beyond traditional organizational models to accommodate the expanding realm of digitization. If digital content preservation entails operating a trustworthy networked information system, migrating content, and emulating systems, to say nothing of analysis-upon-acquisition and the execution of legal agreements for remote resources-we are surely not talking about an office in the singular. This calls for distributed responsibilities and carries a strong need for computer science expertise. This begins to describe a library in a digital age. It reminds us that securing and preserving digital content require a collective effort that will depend on the contributions of many people.

Organizational structure and communication strategies of the bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation: A multicenter clinical trial

Efficient communication is a challenge for the many operating components of a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Traditional management theory states that communications generally flow along a path established by a hierarchical organizational structure. A multicenter clinical trial does not fit traditional organizational models well and requires modification of traditional communication techniques. While the scientific community typically views a clinical trial as one large and cohesive enterprise, at each site the trial may actually be conducted as a small project related to the medical specialty of the investigator. Therefore overall trial management must be accomplished through collaboration rather than through direct management. In the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI), the BARI clinical coordinating center has designed and utilized several mechanisms that facilitate effective communication and administrative control of a multicenter clinical trial. These mechanisms provide a framework of communication techniques that accommodate the specific needs of a complex organization.

Re-engineering of health care: opportunity or threat for occupational therapists?

The health care system is responding to a paradigm shift from the industrial era to the knowledge society. The rapidly changing administrative structures of some hospitals and increasing numbers of proposals for new models of care are disconcerting for therapists who are used to working in traditional organizational structures and models of care. However, with a broader understanding of the shift that is occurring, it becomes apparent that this paradigm shift is pushing the system toward care practices that are more consistent with occupational therapy practices than those of the traditional medical model. This paper describes the factors influencing the direction of the paradigm shift, the major emerging models of care and organizational structures associated with the paradigm shift, and then discusses the issue of whether the paradigm shift presents a threat or a challenge to occupational therapists.