Traditional Musical Instruments Research Articles

Comparison Analysis of Usability Using Controllers and Hand Tracking in Virtual Reality Gamelan (Sharon) Based On User Experience

Gamelan is one of the traditional musical instruments in Indonesia. Gamelan is also one of the cultures that must be preserved. To preserve gamelan, one way is by combining gamelan with technology that is currently developing. The technology that is currently trending is virtual reality. Virtual reality is often used for games in three-dimensional form. Gamelan can be something interesting in VR. In VR interactions, there are two interactions that are often used, namely controllers and hand tracking. Hand gestures are usually tracked using the built-in camera of the VR. Hand tracking can be used in VR applications to control the virtual object just like a controllers. This study aims to compare the use of controllers and hand tracking that involve interactions, namely collision, pressing, grabbing, and release. Thirty two Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University students who had tried virtual reality and played gamelan or had seen gamelan performances explore the differences between VR hand tracking and VR controllers in VR gamelan sharon. SUS (System Usability Scale) and USEQ (Use Questionnaire) were used to measure user usability and satisfaction. The result of the SUS score showed that users were more interested in using controllers than hand tracking. But the USEQ results showed that there were no difference in usefulness, ease of use, and satisfication. Based on the results of the interaction, using controllers looked more comfortable, but using hand tracking, playing gamelan looked more realistic.

THE GLOBALISATION OF AFRICAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS: A CASE OF THE ADEUDEU OF TESO COMMUNITY IN KENYA

There are various insights into the discourse of musical culture from a global context. Some of these insights include the impact of globalisation on the music industry and African music-making at large. African musical instruments continue to be cultural artifacts and productions of immaterial culture and music. African instruments have not remained static but have responded to intercultural reciprocity. This study stems from an ambit that has discussed African traditional musical instruments such as the Mbira, Kora, Djembe, and Endara of West and South Africa but needs to pay more attention to those from East Africa and Kenya in particular. This paper is a case study of the Adeudeu (a chordophone), a principal instrument of the Teso community in Western Kenya and a symbol of their cultural identity. The purpose is to highlight the extent to which traditional musical performances have been appropriated and retained in the contemporary setting creating their popular music. The study engaged eight musical groups drawn from each of Teso district’s divisions, selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Qualitative data analysis was used. The paper analyses music performed on the traditional Adeudeu vis a vis that performed on the contemporary Adeudeu to elucidate similarities and differences in music making. The argument is that a change in one element of the musical ensemble has ramifications on the music producing a different ‘musical colour’. The paper culminates in highlighting changes that have taken place on the instrument and the overall musical rendition of the Teso.

Revitalisation and Revival of Traditional Musical Instruments in Poland in the Context of Music Contests

This article is devoted to the issue of revitalisation and revival of traditional musi- cal instruments in Poland in the context of music competitions. Research on revival activities in Poland is rare, as is research on the phenomenon of traditional music competitions. Meanwhile, over the last nine decades, traditional music competitions have become the main environment for the public presentation of traditional music and stimulating the revival and revitalisation of indi- vidual musical phenomena. In this area, I have been conducting my own participant observations and archival research for over two decades. I understand the revival phenomenon itself and the activities that constitute it after Caroline Bithell and Juniper Hill (2013). The distinction between the terms revitalisation and revival is based on that made by Ingrid Åkesson (2006) and Ulrich Morgenstern (2019). In the text I discuss the issue of revitalisation of the Podhale bagpipes and the revival of the hurdy-gurdy. I also show that the phenomenon of the revival of musical tradi- tion is accompanied by processes of depreciation of the role, importance or presence of other instruments, such as the accordion or clarinet. I also show the important role of the activism of leading figures among both researchers and lovers of traditional music, as well as musicians and instrument builders.

THE YOUNG GENERATION INTEREST IN STUDYING TRADITIONAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AS A FORM OF CULTURAL LOVE AT BUNDA MULIA UNIVERSITY SERPONG

Traditional music is a hereditary heritage that we should support considering that Indonesia has a variety of cultures and arts that differ from region to another. One way to preserve the culture of the younger generation is to learn traditional musical instruments in general, such as gamelan, kolintang, angklung, sasando and others with the hope that these traditional musical instruments can still be used during cultural and artistic events or just for entertainment. But, with the development of technology today, many of these young generation do not even care and they do not even have a musical taste to learn this musical instrument, they even more interested in learning western music with its more interesting and modern presentation unlike traditional music which they think is outdated. This research was made with the aim first, what factors influence the interest of the younger generation or students in this era of globalization in studying traditional musical instruments at Bunda Mulia University Serpong, second, how much interest students have in learning traditional musical instruments, and three what obstacles faced by students in playing traditional musical instruments and finally to find out which traditional musical instruments are in great demand by students at the University of Bunda Mulia Serpong. The theory used in this study is the theory of interest and learning, while the research method used is a qualitative approach with data conducted through primary surveys, namely interviews and observations with Bunda Mulia University students from the hospitality and tourism study program by providing structured questions and interviews at students which were done online. As for secondary surveys such as library and journal studies to find supporting data related to the research theme. The results of the study provide an answer that the factors that underlie students' interest in learning traditional musical instruments is curiosity or eager to know of something, also student are interested in learning traditional musical instruments because they have studied these musical instruments before, as for the obstacles faced by students in learning traditional musical instruments were influenced among others, by not having the talents or interests of students as well as incomplete musical instruments and lack of qualified teachers, however the traditional musical instruments that interest to students is the traditional instrument of Angklung because they are familiar to its strains and melodies as well as unique musical instruments because they are played by swinging them. Thus, it can be concluded that the younger generation of Bunda Mulia University Serpong is interested in learning traditional musical instruments.

Analisis Teknik Bermain Musik Gendang Beleq Sanggar Terune Jaye Lombok Timur

This research aim to introduce the technique of playing traditional musical instruments of Gendang Beleq especially young people and adolescents as an effort to preserve and love traditional music in East Lombok. The method used is a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. For determination the subject of research, the technique used is purposive sampling. Then in data collection techniques, research uses observation, interviews and documentation. As traditional Lombok music, Gendang Beleq is played in groups. In order for the resulting musical instrument to sound beautiful and harmonious, the cohesiveness in playing Gendang Beleq music is a very important part to pay attention to. Therefore, the expected goal by introducing the technique of playing the traditional music of Gendang Beleq is so that this traditional art can be maintained and enjoyed by the community, especially for the people of Lombok.

Implementasi Scrum dalam Perancangan Aplikasi Pembelajaran Budaya Nusantara berbasis Mobile

Learning in the field of archipelago insight is very important for the younger generation. The insight of the Indonesian archipelago has a lot of diversity, namely national anthems, regional songs, regional traditional clothes, traditional musical instruments, etc. With the development of technology, the introduction insight into the archipelago can be supported by various innovations. One of the innovations is to create a mobile-based application for learning in field of archipelago insights. This learning is done by designing a mobile-based application. This mobile-based application is the result of a design based on the needs of teachers and parents. Based the results of the application design implemented using Scrum, there are 3 roles, namely super admin, teacher and student. There are 6 main features that can be accessed by students, namely being able to work on games about the national anthem, regional songs, regional traditional clothing, traditional musical instruments, heroes and assessment results. From the product backlog that has been compiled, there are agreed tasks and definitions of done (DoD) of application features. All of the feature implementations are in accordance and have been done with the agreed DoD. It is hoped that this design can help students be active and broaden the cultural insights of the archipelago.

KESENIAN ALAT MUZIK LAMBANG TRADISI KAUM MELAYU BRUNEI PANTAI BARAT SABAH

This article discusses the art of traditional musical instruments of the Bruneian Malays on the west coast, Sabah. Touching on the artistic aspect, it is part of a culture rich in homogeneity and beauty. These tribes have their own arts according to their respective cultures and religions. For people who are Muslims, they use the art of musical instruments for purposes that do not conflict with religion and thus symbolize the life traditions of a race, especially the Bruneian Malays on the west coast of Sabah. Kulintangan and gambus have been considered as a traditional musical instrument for the people. This musical instrument has long been known by other races, and it is often played during weddings, festivals and so on. The musical instruments of Brunei's Malays have similarities and differences from other races in Sabah. However, the scope of the study is focused on the west coast of Sabah because this area still preserves musical instruments as a traditional art form of Brunei Malays. In this study, a qualitative method approach was applied as a methodology to obtain findings. Therefore, this article will discuss the perception of the Malays in accepting the art of musical instruments as a tradition and the efforts made by the Malays of Brunei as well as the efforts of the Malays of Brunei and stakeholders to preserve the tradition of kulintangan and gambus as an art of musical instruments.

Hand-washing promotion during Covid-19 outbreak in Riverbank of Kahayan River, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

In mid-2020, COVID-19 cases in Central Kalimantan showed relatively high, approximately 10.5% of children suffered from COVID -19. Many institutions have been implementing health education on the positive healthy behaviour standard for COVID-19 prevention, including regular hand washing, mask-wearing, and social distancing. The purpose of this article is to give clear and actionable guidance for children living in river-basin residences. Central Kalimantan geographically has a number of rivers known as a watershed area (DAS). This photo essay records health promotion given during Covid-19 outbreak in Riverbank of Kahayan River, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. In this study area, children use small boat made by wood to mobile or visit their friends to play. Before the Covid-19 Outbreak, using face mask in not compulsory and parents will just freely give permission to their children to play outside. It is shown that it is challenging to encourage children to protect themselves from the COVID-19 infection in the area of DAS. Moreover, the existence of this abundant water source is a potential natural asset for positive hygiene behaviour. Thus, it is worth noting that hand washing with soap and water is recommended. A cultural approach can also be an alternative for health campaigns. This paper shows how we use one of traditional musical instruments of Central Kalimantan, called Japen, and the lute is used as an instrument for making audio-visuals. This instrument is made from a sack. It includes education and has a key message of moral wisdom with the social value of the Dayak people in Borneo. Maintaining children's health during the Covid 19 pandemic with creative educational campaigns, using various modes such as posters, multimedia, and storytelling is beneficial for positive health behaviours.

Karinding: Dari Ungkapan Hati Menjadi Karya Seni (Sebuah Tinjauan Etnomusikologi)

Karinding is a traditional West Javanese musical instrument made of bamboo. Now the existence of these traditional musical instruments has started to bloom again being preserved by young people. By using a descriptive analytic method through an ethnomusicological approach, literature study techniques, and observation, this study aims to describe aspects of function, musical, instruments, and support. The results of this study include four things. First, in the aspect of Karinding function experienced significant changes. Starting from a communication tool until now it has changed its function as a medium of entertainment, education, and commodities. Second, in terms of musical Karinding is experiencing development, Karinding buhun, which at first only could imitate the sound and rhythm of insects and tools around the community, has developed with the type of Karinding toél which has diatonic and pentatonic scales. Third, this Karinding musical instrument is divided into three parts namely pancepengan, cécét ucing, and paneunggeul. These three parts of Karinding have their own philosophical values ​​which are closely related to the beliefs of the Sundanese people. Fourth, the Karinding Attack community and the Karinding Group in Cirama Girang Village have become one of the activist communities in preserving the traditional arts of Karinding in West Java. From this study it can be concluded that Karinding is a musical instrument that was born from folklore which has a life learning philosophy to become a patient, confident and simple human being. This musical instrument has undergone revitalization to become a traditional musical performance. In addition, the Karinding art, which was declared almost extinct, has now been revived and is in great demand, especially by young people.

Rancang Bangun Media Pembelajaran Mengenai Alat Musik Tradisional Jawa Berbasis Macromedia Flash Dengan Menggunakan Metode Computer Based Instruction Dan Multimedia Development Life Cycle

<p>A musical instrument is an instrument that is made or modified with the aim of producing a sound or sound that produces a rhythm. Every region in Indonesia must have traditional musical instruments. One of them is a traditional Javanese musical instrument, which consists of Central Java, West Java, and East Java. With the help of information technology and programming languages, especially animations, there will be many benefits. One example is the application of learning media animation. With these benefits, a research is conducted that can help teachers and students by adopting technological advances. The selection of the program in writing this research is to use the macromedia flash application by applying the CBI (Computer Based Instruction) method and the MDLC (Multitimedia Development Life Cycle) method. The results of this study will display a visual animation in the form of a learning media application so that it can increase students' interest in learning about traditional musical instrument material and make students no longer find it difficult to understand the subject matter of traditional musical instruments<em>.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Traditional Musical Instruments, Macromedia Flash, CBI, MDLC</em></p>

An Exploration of Melody, Harmony and Rhythm in Selected Sape Repertoires in Kenyah Ethnic in Sarawak

Sape is a traditional musical instrument from Borneo played by the community of Orang Ulu. Most of the time, sape has been used to play as solo, duo and with a group accompanied by other instruments like jatung lutang, kelire. This research will explore the melody, rhythmic pattern, and harmony in sape repertoires in Kenyah ethnicity. Four sape repertoires will be analysed: sape leleng, det diet tapung kitan, titiet titiek kenai ujan and datun julud, which have unique and different characteristics in musical form.

Ethnomathematics in ten Indonesian traditional musical instruments

This article aimed to describe the results of the ethnomathematical exploration of traditional musical instruments that can be used as mathematics teaching materials. The research method chosen in this study was the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The SLR method is used to identify, review, evaluate, and interpret available research with areas and topics of interest. Data collection is done by documenting and reviewing all articles related to ethnomathematics on traditional musical instruments, selecting only those using Indonesian traditional instruments, and publishing them in Indonesian national journals. It was found that 10 articles matched these criteria. The results showed that ethnomathematics-based mathematics learning on traditional musical instruments can be used in the learning process and can be used as a learning resource, a means of introducing mathematics through culture, implemented in mathematics learning, and as teaching materials in learning mathematics. The uses in learning can be the shapes of the instruments as well as how to play the instruments that yield number patterns.

Music of everyday life (on the example of the musical instrument rabab)

Modern Arab culture retains many living elements adopted from ancient, now extinct cultures. Using the example of the traditional musical instrument rabab, the connection of modern culture with the cultures of the distant past (starting from the Sumero-Akkadian period of Mesopotamia), as well as with other aspects of the traditional way of life, is shown. The relationship between the emotional and acoustic specifics of the sound of the rabab and the features of a traditional residential building in the Levant region, which are in demand in modern energy-saving housing construction, is shown.

Basic Concepts and Values of Mathematics in Bengkulu Traditional Musical Instruments as Media and Resources for Learning Mathematics

This study aims to determine the basic concepts and values of mathematics contained in traditional Bengkulu musical instruments in elementary schools. The urgency of this research is to use regional culture in learning mathematics theoretically and practically as a medium and source of learning mathematics through learning outside the classroom to achieve the objectives of learning mathematics in elementary schools. This research method is a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. Data sources are in the form of traditional Bengkulu musical instruments, namely dhol, tassa, long drums, and serunai. Other data sources are documents and interviews with experts and practitioners of Bengkulu traditional musical instruments. The data were analyzed qualitatively with the method of content analysis. The result of this study shows that the basic mathematical concepts in Bengkulu traditional musical instruments are points, lines, angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, kites, circles, tubes, half balls, cut balls, cut cones, universes, and patterns. At the same time, the mathematical values contained in traditional Bengkulu musical instruments are obeying the rules, consistency, creativity, and cooperation. Therefore, as an alternative to effective learning in elementary schools, Bengkulu traditional musical instruments can be used as a medium and source of learning mathematics outside the classroom.

Kajian Pertunjukan Musik “Thungka” dalam Tinjauan Etnomusikologi

The purpose of the study was to find an ethnomusicological study and to find out everything contained in the Thungka musical instrument, whether it was in the form of functional, musical, instrumental and socio-cultural aspects. The research method is a qualitative descriptive method with an ethnomusicological approach. Sources of data used in this study were video recordings of the performance of the traditional performing arts of Thungka music by the people of Bawean Gresik, as well as interviews, documentation, and literature studies. The results showed that basically Thungka had a function as a rice pounder in the annual harvest season, but now it has become a medium for traditional art performances, weddings, to welcoming tourist guests to Bawean. Thungka traditional music describes the socio-cultural life of the Bawean people, especially the gratitude of the farmers and in the lyrics also tells the feeling of waiting and longing. The conclusion of this research is that the dynamics used when playing Thungka traditional musical instruments are forte and fortisisimo. Alu' and Ronjengan from traditional musical instruments Thungka made of teak. The way of making it using original human power by using chisels and crab bolsters in the way of making musical instruments.
 
 Keywords: Bawean, Ethnomusicology, Thungka Music

The Influence of the African Religious and Cultural Context and Its Impact on Lutheranism: The Case of Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality

Abstract In Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality, traditional religion has played a significant role in transforming Christianity by confronting it with the decisive issue of indigenization. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to examine the inter-religious relations among Christianity and African Traditional Religion (ATR), and to explore how African religious and cultural values have impacted on Christian – ATR relations within the municipality, and how the latter has, also, been affected by the former. The primary research question raised in this study is: what is the relevance of indigenous people’s music in the existing (Lutheran) liturgy? The study employed an intercultural theological approach to Science and Religion, and the analysis is based on acculturation and the principle of elimination by substitution. The study also utilized a triangulated and contextual approach, and data was collected through observations, face-to-face interviews and video recordings of rehearsals and performances during church services and other related events. Secondary sources included published books and Journal articles. The investigation has revealed that the integration of spiritual folk songs (choruses), traditional musical instruments, handclapping, and dancing into liturgical church service of almost all Evangelical Lutheran churches found in Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality, has not compromised the essence of Lutheran tradition. It has rather encouraged maximum, active and unimpeded participation in liturgical church service and/or Congregational singing. Indications from the investigation have also shown that the dimensions of rhythm play an important role to contextualize and Africanize the existing (Lutheran) liturgy, in order to make the missionary qualities of worship an integral part of mission work. During the study, it was also observed that musical creativity and musicality in the visited churches embrace other elements such as the capacity for becoming absorbed emotionally in music and the ability to enter into an intimate relation with it, so that the whole organization of the soul is affected. It was concluded that it is indeed of great significance that indigenous people’s music should be regarded as a matter of relevance and ultimately becomes a vessel which carries the full meaning of the Gospel.

Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Seni Budaya di SMP Negeri 23 Kerinci

The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of cultural arts learning with the material of Traditional Musical Instrument Playing Techniques at SMP Negeri 23 Kerinci. This type of research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. The research instrument is the researcher himself and is assisted by supporting instruments such as stationery and cameras. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of observation, interviews, and literature studies. The steps of analyzing the data, Describing, and Inferring. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of cultural arts learning with the material of Traditional Musical Instrument Playing Techniques at SMP NEGERI 23 Kerinci has not gone well. This is due to: (1) Teachers do not have angklung musical instruments which are being used as material for cultural arts subjects. This makes teachers take shortcuts by using a keyboard (orgen) instead of the traditional angklung musical instrument. (2) Some students still practice playing traditional musical instruments that are not in accordance with the indicators or in other words carelessly when playing traditional musical instruments. The results of the evaluation of learning techniques for playing traditional musical instruments, the highest score is 90 and the lowest value is 75.

ANALISIS FREKUENSI BUNYI DAN CEPAT RAMBAT GELOMBANG BUNYI PADA ALAT MUSIK TRADISIONAL ANGKLUNG

The research is motivated by cultural aspects that must be preserved and studied in various scientific fields, including physics. One of the interesting cultural elements to study is the traditional musical instrument, the angklung. This study aims to analyze the frequency and speed of sound waves in angklung. The benefit of this research is to get the cognitive content of science and as a form of cultural preservation of the angklung musical instrument. This type of research is quantitative with experimental methods. Collecting data is by measuring the physical quantities on the angklung. The data analysis technique used is graphical analysis and mathematical calculations. The results obtained are that the length of the angklung tube is inversely proportional to the frequency of the sound produced. Mathematical calculations can get the value of the speed of sound wave propagation according to the closed organ pipe concept. Based on the calculation results, the speed of sound waves in angklung is 340.11 m/s.
 Keywords: angklung, frequency of sound, speed of sound

Training Method of Flute Breath Based on Big Data of Internet of Things

As a traditional musical instrument, the flute has a long history and is loved by people. The flute has a wider range, and its timbre has strong penetrating and expressive power. This is not only a unique solo instrument but also occupies an important position in the symphony orchestra. Breath training on the flute is an essential step in flute learning. However, in the traditional flute breath training process, teachers cannot observe the students’ practice in real time, and the training process is relatively simple, resulting in the final training effect not being obvious and the students’ breath stability not being significantly improved. In order to solve this problem, this paper applied the Internet of Things (IoT) big data technology to the flute breath training process. The flute breath training system based on big data of Internet of Things was used to conduct professional breath training for students. Through the tests of the trained students, it was found that the training method of flute breath using the big data of the Internet of Things improved the students’ leg strength and chest, abdomen, and back strength. In the long-tone practice, the students’ exhalation time increased by 1.472 seconds, and the students’ breath stability increased by 7.1%, which laid a good foundation for the students to learn the flute in the future.

Pembelajaran Musik Ansambel Tradisional Minangkabau di SMP Angkasa Lanud Padang

This study aims to describe how the Implementation of Minangkabau Traditional Ensemble Music Learning at SMP Angkasa Lanud Padang. The type of descriptive qualitative research is a research method that describes the findings in the field by describing the things to be studied in the form of words. The data collection technique is from direct observation or observation of how the implementation of Minangkabau traditional ensemble music learning, then interviews with related parties, literature studies and documentation as data collection in the process of implementing Minangkabau traditional ensemble music learning. The results of the study at the time of the implementation of Minangkabau traditional ensemble music learning did not show maximum results in the application of the learning process because based on observations not everything was carried out following the learning design that had been made by the teacher. In practice, the teacher is not fully able to play the traditional musical instrument talempong rea itself. Such a short time makes the practice process ineffective. Students only know how to play talempong musical instruments and cannot fully play talempong rea music in groups. Due to the lack of mastery of the material and the limited use of tools owned at school.