Traditional Medicine Research Articles

Integrating Metabolomic Analysis, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking to Underlying Pharmacological Mechanism and Ethnobotanical Rationalization for Diabetes Mellitus: Study on Medicinal Plant Fibraurea tinctoria Lour.

Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. has long been used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus (DM). However, a comprehensive scientific understanding of its potential active compounds and underlying pharmacological mechanisms still needs to be unveiled. This study, therefore, presents a novel approach by integrating metabolomic profiling, pharmacological network, and molecular docking analysis to investigate the potential of F. tinctoria as antidiabetes mellitus. Active compounds were obtained through analysis using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbital ion trap-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) and screening of active compounds using Lipinski rule of five and ADMET parameters. Potential targets of F. tinctoria compounds and DM-related targets were retrieved from public databases, such as DisGeNET, GeneCards, OMIM, PharmaGKB, and TTD. The targets' gene ontology (GO) was created using DAVID and protein-protein interactions using STRING. The plant-organ-compound-target-disease network was constructed using Cytoscape. Then, molecular docking analysis predicted and verified the interactions of essential bioactive compounds of F. tinctoria and DM core targets. The network pharmacology approach identified 35 active compounds, 565 compound-related targets, and 17,289 DM-related targets. EGFR, HSP90AA1, ESR1, HSP90AB1, and GSK3B were the core targets, whereas isolariciresinol, cubebin, corypalmine, (-)-8-oxocanadine, and (+)-N-methylcoclaurine were the most active compounds of F. tinctoria with DM potential. GO functional enrichment analysis revealed 483 biological processes, 485 cellular components, and 463 molecular functions. REACTOME pathway enrichment analysis yielded 463 significantly enriched signaling pathways. Of these pathways, the cytokine signaling in the immune system pathway may play a key role in treating DM. The results of molecular docking analysis showed that the core targets of DM, such as 5gnk, 3o0i, 6psj, 5ucj, and 1q5k, bind stably to the analyzed bioactive compounds of F. tinctoria. This study provides significant insights into the potential mechanism of F. tinctoria in treating DM. The main active compounds of F. tinctoria were found to interact with the core targets (EGFR, HSP90AA1, ESR1, HSP90AB1, and GSK3B) through the cytokine signaling pathway in the immune system, suggesting a potential therapeutic pathway for DM. However, it is essential to note that these findings are preliminary, and further research is necessary to validate them. Those research studies could involve invitro and invivo studies to confirm the bioactivity of the identified compounds and their interactions with the core targets. When the findings are confirmed, they could have significant clinical implications, potentially leading to developing new therapeutic strategies for DM.

Effects of Complete Submergence on Growth, Survival and Recovery Growth of Alisma orientale (Samuel.) Juz.

Intense precipitations caused by global climate change will result in the occurrence of greater frequencies and longer durations of flooding, influencing the survival and yields of wetland plants. Alisma orientale (Samuel.) Juz., an important traditional medicine with edible scape and inflorescence, naturally grows in wetlands and artificially cultivates in paddy fields prone to flood in China. However, we lack understanding of the effect of complete submergence on A. orientale. Here, experiments with four durations of complete submergence including 5 days (ds), 10 ds, 15 ds and 20 ds followed by 20 ds recovery were performed. In the submergence experiments, the number of, length of and biomass of surviving leaves and the total biomass and new blade biomass were measured; in recovery experiments, number and length of surviving leaves were measured. A. orientale grew out longer new leaves during complete submergence, with a dramatic decline in the biomass of both the leaves and tubers as well as the total biomass at the ends of the submergence experiments. The A. orientale plants had a high survival rate after submergence. The duration of submergence did not influence the time for A. orientale needed to start regrowing. At the end of recovery period, the submerged A. orientale plants generated more leaves, had more surviving leaves, had shorter new leaves and a shorter total length of surviving leaves than the control plants. This study highlights that A. orientale plants can resist at least 20 ds of complete submergence caused by flooding and regrow rapidly after submergence and improves our understanding of the flooding tolerance mechanisms of A. orientale plants.

The Genus Commiphora: An Overview of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control

Myrrh is the resinous substance secreted by plants of the genus Commiphora. In traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, and traditional Arabic medicine, myrrh is regarded as an important medicinal material, widely used in the treatment of trauma, arthritis, hyperlipidemia, and other diseases. This review explores the evolving scientific understanding of the genus Commiphora, covering facets of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, artificial cultivation, and quality control. In particular, the chemical constituents and pharmacological research are reviewed. More than 300 types of secondary metabolites have been identified through phytochemical studies of this genus. Guggulsterone is a bioactive steroid isolated mainly from Commiphora mukul. The two isomers, Z- and E-guggulsterone, have shown a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, including anti-proliferation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial. However, the current scientific research on quality control of medicinal materials and identification of original plants is insufficient, which limits the reproducibility and accuracy of biological activity evaluation experiments. Therefore, the establishment of analytical protocols and standardization of extracts is an important step before biological evaluation. At the same time, in order to find more bioactive substances, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the stems, barks, and leaves of this genus. The sources used in this study include PubMed, CNKI, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and other databases, as well as multinational pharmacopoeias, ancient books of traditional medicine, herbal classics, and modern monographs.

Effects of Kalimeris indica on alcohol-induced liver injury through storing Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and gut microbiota

BackgroundKalimeris indica (L.) Sch. Bip., (K. indica) is a plant classified under the genus Kalimeris within the Asteraceae family. The herb of K. indica has been historically utilized as a traditional medicine. The consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol represents a lifestyle choice that can induce tissue damage and contribute to the development of various health conditions.MethodThe HPLC-MS method was used to reveal the chemical composition of K. indica extract. HepG2 cells were used to test the in vitro oxidative stress. C57BL/6 mice were used to construct the in vivo alcohol-induced liver injury. H/E staining and serum ALT and AST levels were tested to assess the in vivo protective effect of ML (50 and 200 mg/kg). GSH, SOD, and CAT levels along with byproduct MDA levels were used to evaluate the in vivo oxidative stress. Immunohistochemical experiments were used to examine the in vivo Nrf2 and HO-1 levels. 16S rRNA gene-based profiling method was used to test the alteration in gut microbiota.Results16 compounds were identified from K. indica extract. K. indica treatment reduced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells treated with 5% alcohol. H/E staining results showed that K. indica (50 and 200 mg/kg) alleviated liver injury caused by alcohol administration, eliciting a similar protective effect to the positive drug silymarin. Serum ALT and AST examination gave a consistent result, showing that ML could restore serum ALT and AST levels in mice treated with alcohol. Furthermore, K. indica could also restore GSH, SOD, CAT, and MDA levels in alcohol-treated mice, showing a potent effect on oxidative stress alleviation. Immunohistochemical experiments indicated that K. indica showed the liver protective effect through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. 16S rRNA gene-based profiling revealed that alcohol treatment caused the alteration in gut microbiota, while K. indica treatment could result in a significantly richer variety of microbial communities compared to the alcohol group.ConclusionK. indica (ML) has a protective effect on liver injury caused by alcohol administration. The Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and gut microbiota regulation were involved in the ML-induced liver protection. All the results indicate that K. indica has a potential in the treatment of alcohol-induced liver injury.

Chemical Profiling of Kalangkala (Litsea angulata) Seed Using LC-HRMS as Antioxidants

Kalangkala (Litsea angulata) is one of the most frequent florae utilized in traditional medicine in the Kalimantan area, and this showed significant antioxidant activity on the part of the seeds. Ability antioxidants it has seed sometimes become potency development material natural as material standard medicine, so need did its identification compounds present in seeds sometimes. Research purposes: this is to identify compound potential antioxidants as candidate materials for active pharmacy. The method used is to test the activity of antioxidants using the DPPH technique from the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol kalangkala seed fractions, achieved by identifying components using LC-HRMS. Research results show that the IC50 values from the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol kalangkala seed fraction are, respectively, 52.05, 46.10, and 32.84 ppm. Identification results compound from methanol fraction with activity antioxidant best show 5 major compounds with abundant more than 3% are 3-[(2E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid, 2-[(2E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, Betaine, Choline, and (4E,6E)-4,6-Tetradecadiene-8,10,12-triyn-1-yl acetate.

Abstract 4135265: When the Beat Drops: A Pilot Project for a Case-Based Resident’s Guide to Cardiovascular Care

Residents care for patients with a vast array of cardiovascular (CV) diagnoses in settings ranging from primary care clinic to the cardiac intensive care unit. However, the resources available are mainly intended for advanced cardiology trainees. We created a resident-driven, case-based reference for residents to serve as a companion to traditional CV medicine educational resources. Methods: We surveyed residents, fellows, and cardiology attendings to identify topics within CV care for which residents are responsible. We recruited residents from multiple ACGME-accredited Internal Medicine residency programs to write a chapter on each identified topic that would be published on a central website. The chapters included a topic overview with key learning points, a case presentation, review questions, attending pearls, and high-yield articles for further reading. Chapters were reviewed for accuracy and completeness by cardiology fellows, pharmacologists, and attendings. The chapters were sent out to residents weekly via email and through social media platforms. Website analytics were used to track usage and monitor engagement. Each chapter concluded with a brief survey regarding learning gains, comprehension, and if the reader would recommend the resources to others. Results: A total of 52 cases were submitted by resident contributors from four residency programs. Topics included management of arrhythmias, structural heart disease, ischemia, cardiogenic shock, and post-procedure complications. Within the first two months of publication, the website was being accessed throughout 30+ states and 6 countries with more than 2,500 views and 1,500 unique visitors. Topics with high traffic included chapters regarding arrhythmias and post-procedural complications. The website was viewed throughout the entire day with no specific time pattern; however, there were significantly more views on days when each chapter was released via email and social media. Preliminary survey results show that residents and other trainees find this resource useful, and many want to get involved and help create more content. Conclusion: Our resident-created and cardiologist reviewed website is a unique resource created for residents caring for patients with CV disease. Using email and social media marketing has allowed this resource to be widely accessible to a large global audience. Survey feedback suggests the importance of this resource and need for continued CV resources for trainees.

Biological Characteristics of a Novel Bibenzyl Synthase (DoBS1) Gene from Dendrobium officinale Catalyzing Dihydroresveratrol Synthesis

Bibenzyl compounds are one of the most important bioactive components of natural medicine. However, Dendrobium officinale as a traditional herbal medicine is rich in bibenzyl compounds and performs functions such as acting as an antioxidant, inhibiting cancer cell growth, and assisting in neuro-protection. The biosynthesis of bibenzyl products is regulated by bibenzyl synthase (BBS). In this study, we have cloned the cDNA gene of the bibenzyl synthase (DoBS1) from D. officinale using PCR with degenerate primers, and we have identified a novel type III polyketide synthase (PKS) gene by phylogenetic analyses. In a series of perfect experiments, DoBS1 was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and some catalytic properties of the recombinant protein were investigated. The molecular weight of the recombinant protein was verified to be approximately 42.7 kDa. An enzyme activity analysis indicated that the recombinant DoBS1-HisTag protein was capable of using 4-coumaryol-CoA and 3 malonyl-CoA as substrates for dihydroresveratrol (DHR) in vitro. The Vmax and Km of the recombinant protein for DHR were 3.57 ± 0.23 nmol·min−1·mg−1 and 0.30 ± 0.08 mmol, respectively. The present study provides further insights into the catalytic mechanism of the active site in the biosynthetic pathway for the catalytic production of dihydroresveratrol by bibenzylase in D. officinale. The results can be used to optimize a novel biosynthetic pathway for the industrial synthesis of DHR.

Evaluation of Carrageenan-induced Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Psychotria bisulcata Wight &Arn. in Wistar Rats

Psychotria bisulcata Wight & Arn. (Rubiaceae) is a shrub widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, infertility and impotence. The present research work is focused on in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in ethanolic leaf extract of P. bisulcata. The ethanol extract was subjected to in vitro anti-inflammatory assays such as hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis, heat-induced hemolysis. The in vitro anti-inflammatory assays revealed that the ethanolic leaf extract of P. bisulcata showed a high level of inhibition in hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis in 250 µg/mL as 55.80±1.91and in heat-induced hemolysis as 62.23±4.23. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, with diclofenac as the standard. When compared to the standard diclofenac, the ethanolic leaf extract of P. bisulcata showed considerable anti-inflammatory efficacy in a dose dependent manner, resulting in the reduction of paw edema volume. The rats treated with ethanolic leaf extract of 500 mg/kg showed better activity. The research discovers that P. bisulcata has substantial anti-inflammatory action, indicating that it has medicinal potential in the treatment of inflammatory ailments.

Challenges in delivery of Bhutanese Traditional Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) services at Primary Healthcare Centres in Bhutan

Bhutanese Traditional Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) and allopathic medicine are integrated and state-funded in the three-tier healthcare system of Bhutan. Bhutanese Traditional Medicine services are available in all three levels of the healthcare system offering a range of services, from consultations to therapies and drug dispensations. Except for the National Traditional Medicine Hospital in Thimphu, all the centres across the country offer only outpatient services. Out of 81 traditional medicine centres, 55 centres are located at the primary level, serving people in different geographical areas of the country. Despite an increasing number of patients availing the traditional medicine services, the facilities at the primary level continue to face several challenges. The challenges include delayed and disruptive medicine supply chain, lack of an effective and systematic patient referral system, misconceptions and lack of awareness of traditional medicine services and inadequate infrastructure. All of these impede the provision of traditional medicine services in the communities. We recommend a technology-based drug delivery system in addition to resilient production centres, an effective patient referral system in traditional medicine practice by leveraging on the guideline and electronic patient information system, advocacies in the communities to dispel the myths and misconceptions regarding the Bhutanese Traditional Medicine, and adequate and architecturally smart infrastructure. Implementing these solutions could enhance access and utilization of traditional medicine services, leveraging the best use of this important component of the healthcare system.

Nurturing care: perceptions and practices of caregivers for children under five in the Ecuadorian highlands – a qualitative study

IntroductionThe importance of nurturing care for child development is well-established, and parents play a central role in providing this care. However, cultural values and traditions can influence child-rearing practices, and there are gaps in child welfare in Ecuador. Two research questions delve into caregivers’ definitions of nurturing care for children aged 0–5 and its alignment with World Health Organization’s concept.MethodsA qualitative methodology was applied to comprehensively explore caregivers’ perspectives and application of nurturing care across diverse cultural contexts in rural areas of Cotopaxi and Loja in Ecuador. Using snowball sampling primary caregivers, healthcare professionals, childcare workers, and community leaders were interviewed and participated in focus groups, examining its congruence with WHO’s Nurturing Care Framework for Early Childhood Development.ResultsWhile there is alignment with the WHO framework, the study reveals challenges such as a lack of awareness of the term “nurturing care” among participants. Findings also indicate issues in health communication, reliance on traditional medicine, and myths around nutritional practices. The role of technology in early learning is explored, noting both its advantages and disadvantages. Notably, preventive health activities were not mentioned, emphasizing a universal need for knowledge.ConclusionThis study urges tailored interventions for nurturing care, emphasizing success tied to robust healthcare and child protection. Urgency lies in cultural sensitivity, local adaptation, and targeted training for implementation. These insights contribute significantly to the global discourse, stressing the importance of context-specific approaches. Implications are crucial for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers dedicated to elevating care quality for vulnerable populations worldwide.

SOCIALIZATION OF COUNSELING ON THE BENEFITS OF NONI FRUIT FOR HYPERTENSION PATIENTS

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a health problem that is increasingly encountered in Indonesia. Traditional medicine using natural ingredients, such as noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia), has long been used by the community as an alternative therapy. This community service activity aims to discuss the effectiveness of socialization and counseling regarding the use of noni fruit in helping lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The time and place of the event is August 20, 2024, in Lingsana Village with a total of 20 participants. Community service activities consist of:1. Material preparation, 2. Implementation: distribution of leaflets, lectures, and questions and answers, 3. Evaluation. Counseling about the benefits of noni fruit for hypertensive patients can increase public knowledge about this herbal treatment, which was previously tested by 62% and increased to 86%. However, to avoid side effects, paying attention to the dosage and how to use it is necessary.

Strengthening research capacity in Traditional Medicine in Bhutan

Strengthening research capacity in Traditional Medicine in Bhutan

Comparative transcriptomic analysis provides insights into the regulation of root-specific saponin production in Panax japonicus.

Panax japonicus, a traditional medicinal plant from the Araliaceae family, produces bioactive triterpenes with health benefits. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, its roots have been used, but the chemical basis of its medicinal use is unclear, particularly regarding the metabolism and regulation of triterpene saponin biosynthesis. This study employed an integrative approach using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and transcriptome analysis. Our UPLC analysis showed that ginsenoside Ro and chikusetsusaponin IVa were mainly detected in P. japonicus root. Subsequently, a comparative transcriptome analysis of four P. japonicus tissues (roots, leaves, flowers and fruits) was conducted using Illumina sequencing. As a result, 90,985 unigenes were functionally annotated from a total of 211,650 assembled non-redundant transcripts. Among these, 42,829 unigenes were annotated in NR database. Tissue-specific gene analysis revealed that roots had the highest number of specifically expressed unigenes (11,832). The majority of these unigenes were associated with metabolic processes. Additionally, tissue expression patterns analysis for three common transcription factor families indicated that WRKY family genes showed a significantly root-specific expression pattern, potentially playing a role in triterpene saponin biosynthesis. Notably, we investigated the expression profiles of genes related to the biosynthesis of triterpene saponins and found that four genes, ACCT, HMGS, HMGR and SS, encoding key enzymes in triterpene saponins biosynthesis pathway, were primarily expressed in the root. Overall, our study provides a set of P. japonicus tissue transcriptome data, which will aid in the discovery of triterpene saponin biosynthetic genes and offers valuable genetic information for this medical plant.

The 'STRICT' framework for promoting effective malaria control in Ghana.

Malaria remains a significant public health burden, necessitating evidence-based strategies to reduce prevalence and associated morbidity. This study explores the potential of integrated healthcare, encompassing both modern and traditional herbal medicine (THM), for malaria control in Ghana. Employing a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with medical doctors, pharmacists, and THM providers. Thematic analysis approach was utilized to inductively analyse interview data and integrate participants' lived experiences and suggestions. Six themes emerged: Standardization of THM practice; Training on THM broadened; Research on THM expanded; Increasing awareness of THM integration hospitals and inclusion of THM in national health insurance scheme; Constant supply of certified herbal medications; and Tax relief provision. These recommendations form the 'STRICT' framework for developing functional health system for promoting an effective malaria control through integrated healthcare in Ghana. It was evident that the 'STRICT' framework can potentially transform healthcare delivery and improve service quality for malaria patients. Policymakers, healthcare providers, and managers can utilize these insights to advocate for and implement integrated healthcare strategies, ultimately enhancing service delivery for all Ghanaians, particularly those suffering from malaria.

Comparison of characteristics of urine specimens at physiological state versus post-artificial heating at the National Traditional Medicine Hospital, Bhutan

Introduction: Urine reflects the body’s functional status playing a central role in the diagnosis of disease conditions. This study aimed to compare six of the nine features of urine at physiological and lukewarm states after artificial heating – colour, odour, steam, bubbles, sediment, and frothiness. Method: This comparative study utilized the Bhutan Analysis System for Urine Properties (BASUP) chart. The study was conducted from July 2021 to January 2022 at the Eastern Regional Referral Hospital, Wangdicholing District Hospital, and the National Traditional Medicine Hospital. The properties of urine were evaluated soon after collection at physiological state. After the urine specimen had cooled down to room temperature, it was heated to body temperature following a standard procedure for reassessment of its properties. Results: A total of 91 specimens from 35 men and 56 women were analysed. There were no significant differences observed in the colour, odour, steam, bubbles, sediment, or frothiness between physiological and artificially heated specimens. However, there were differences in the colours of དམར་ཤས་ ཆེ་བ། (Marshechewa) with p = 0.023 and སེར་ཤས་ ཆེ་བ། (Sershechewa) with p = 0.015. Conclusion: The study found no significant differences in the majority of the properties of urine in specimens at physiological state and after artificial heating. However, further studies are required to evaluate the physicochemical properties and the differences in the Marshechewa and Sershechewa colours noted.

Antidiabetic activity of Inonotus obliquus water extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.

The Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal mushroom that grows on mature birch trees and is commonly used in traditional medicine for various ailments. The current study aimed to explore the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and pancreatic protective effects of the water extract of Mongolian natural Inonotus obliquus on alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Alloxan monohydrate (200 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally single injected into C57BL/6 mice to induce diabetes. Alloxan-induced diabetic mice were orally given the water extract of inonotus obliquus (WEIO) at doses of 500 mg/kg and subcutaneously administered with insulatard 0.6 IU for 4weeks. Subsequently, the levels of factors related to blood glucose, insulin and lipids were assessed. WEIO significantly restored body weight, reduced fasting blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance ability, and increased insulin levels compared to the control diabetic mice. WEIO also enhanced cholesterol transportation in the liver, correlated with increased HDL-C levels and decreased TC, TG and LDL-C levels. Histologic examinations revealed that WEIO alleviated alloxan-induced pancreatic tissue damage. Natural Mongolian I. Obliquus water extracts have an antihyperglycemic effect and enhance islet cell function in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. It is a good candidate for a hypoglycemic functional food or medicine.

Pemanfaatan Teh Rosela (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L) Sebagai Obat Tradisional Dalam Upaya Swamedikasi di Gampong Puuk Kecamatan Pidie Kabupaten Pidie

Swamedikasi is a person's effort to treat illness or symptoms of illness by using certain plants. One of the plants that has been proven to have medicinal properties is the rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L). The objectives of this activity are: (1) Increasing knowledge of the relationship between health and well-being through self-medication efforts, (2) Empowering housewives to make traditional medicines, especially rosella tea, with the right formula, manufacturing method and dosage so that it is safe for consumption and efficacious. This activity was carried out using the Pre-Post Test Design method through counseling which was carried out on May 2-3, 2024 at the Keuchik Gampong Puuk office, Pidie District, Pidie Regency. The implementation of the Community Service program entitled: Utilization of Rosella Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) as a Traditional Medicine in Self-medication Efforts in Gampong Puuk, Pidie District, Pidie Regency, Aceh Province went very well. The results of the activity show that this activity is able to: (1) Increase public knowledge of the importance of implementing a healthy lifestyle; (2) Introduce a self-medication program and make a health drink, namely rosella tea, with the right formula.

In Silico Study Active Compounds of Jamu Against Pre-Eclampsia Through Anti-Vasoconstriction and Anti-Inflammation

Preeclampsia is one of serious pregnancy-related condition that marked by elevated blood pressure and proteinuria that typically emerges during the second trimester or above 20 week, this disease become the second common cause of maternal death globally per year. One factors that can initiate preeclampsia are immunologic factor. Preeclampsia is started with abnormal trophoblast development and poor or shallow placental blood vessel development. Several protein that are induce by pre eclampsia are ACE1 (as vasoconstrictor), p38α, and JNK (stress-related protein and induce inflammation). One of the natural medicine in Indonesia is a “Jamu” that refers to traditional herbal medicine derived from natural ingredients such as herbs, roots, and spices.. In this research we are trying to predict several compounds in early-month pregnant jamu to tackle activation of ACE1, JNK, and p38α. Firstly, all of jamu compound was screened using Lipinski and bioavaibility test. Then, all of the jamu compound that pass the test before will be docked with ACE1, JNK, and p38α using Vina wizard in PyRx. The highest affinity in docking result will be visualized using Biovia Discovery Studio 2019, and will advance to molecular dynamics simulation test to determine stability of the complex in cell environment. The result show that kaempferol can stabily bind to p38α protein, with only induce minimum fluctuation in all RMSD and RMSF result. Piperanine can stabily bind JNK protein with also minimum fluctuation in all RMSD and RMSF result. Both kaempferol and piperanine did’t violate any Lipinski rule and Bioavaibility test.

Potential of Ficus religiosa Linn. Flavonoids in Management of Allergic Asthma

Humans have been using medicinal plants as a source of medicine for thousands of years. Truth be told, ancient man was completely reliant on plants for all of his medical needs, including recovery, prevention, and other types of medications, and has done so for millennia. Many plants and herbs hold their prestigious position in the field of medicine among which Ficus religiosa belonging to the family Moraceae is the vital one. Recent studies have reported that Ficus religiosa is used in the traditional medicine to relieve about 50 types of disorders including diabetes, diarrhoea, epilepsy inflammatory disorders, and gastric problems, sexual and infectious disorders. Antihistaminic principles are known to be useful in the treatment of asthma; hence, in the present work, the antihistaminic activity of an ethanol extract of Ficus religiosa was assessed using various methods. The results showed that the ethanol fractions inhibits clonidine-induced catalepsy as well as asthmatic inflammation. This suggests that the inhibition is through an antihistaminic action and that there is no role of dopamine. Hence, we concluded that the ethanol extract has significant antihistaminic activity. The flavonoid derivatives identified from ethanol fractions of leaves of Ficus religiosa may showed potential as a antihistaminic activity. So in future the plant Ficus religiosa isolated these flavonoids may lead significant role in the treatment of asthma.

Dammarane-Type Saponins from the Leaves of Vietnamese Ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv.) and Their Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition In Vitro and In Silico.

Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv.) represents one of the famous Panax spp. for valuable applications in both traditional and modern medicine; in which, its rhizome part has mainly been used as the medicinal materials based on the bioactive ginsenosides such as ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rd, and majonoside R2. In modern medicine, the development of medicinal materials and utilization of medicinal plants are crucially based on standard bioactive ingredients, so this study to evaluate the leaves of Vietnamese ginseng as source of bioactive ginsenoside led to the identification of seven ginsenosides (1-7). Of them, ginsenoside Rd (2) and pseudoginsenoside RS1 (5) showed inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase in vitro with the IC50 values of 47.13 and 79.58 μM and supported by molecular docking analysis, in which ginsenoside Rd (2) and pseudoginsenoside RS1 (5) could play as allosteric inhibitors with high binding affinity (-8.5 and -9.4 kcal/mol) as evidenced by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The findings provided the scientific evidence for using the leaves of Vietnamese ginseng as an alternative source to the roots to enhance memory in traditional medicine as well as for further research on the anti-dementia effects of 2 and 5.