Traditional Medicine Industry Research Articles

Characteristics and comparative study of medicinal materials between China and India based on data mining from literatures

Ethnopharmacological relevanceChina and India have unique traditional medicine systems with vast territory and rich medical resources. Traditional medicines in China include traditional Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Uyghur medicine, Dai medicine, etc. In the third national survey of Chinese medicine resources, 12694 medicinal materials were identified. Traditional medicines in India include Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy, etc. There are 7263 medicinal materials in India. Aim of the studyTo reveal the characteristics of medicinal materials between China and India respectively, and to compare the similarities and differences in terms of properties, tastes, medicinal parts and therapeutic uses and to promote the exchange of traditional medicine between China and India and the international trade of traditional medicine industry. MethodsThe information of medicinal materials between China and India was extracted from The Chinese Traditional Medicine Resource Records and Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, as well as from 71 Indian herbal monographs. The information of each medicinal material, such as types, families, genera, properties, distribution, medicinal parts, efficacy, therapeutic uses, dosage form and dosage, was recorded in Excel for statistical analysis and visual comparison. ResultsA total of 12694 medicinal materials in China and 5362 medicinal materials in India were identified. The medicinal materials were mostly distributed in Southwest China and northern India. Plants were the main sources of medicinal materials. The common medicinal parts in China were whole medicinal materials, roots and rhizomes, and India used more renewable fruits, seeds and leaves. They are commonly used in the treatment of digestive system diseases. There were 1048 medicinal materials used by both China and India, which were distributed in 188 families and 685 genera. The Chinese and Indian pharmacopoeias had a total of 80 species of medicinal materials used by both China and India. ConclusionsThe characteristics of medicinal materials between China and India were somewhat different, which was conducive to provide a reference basis for traditional medicine in China or India to increase the medicinal parts and indications when using a certain medicinal material, as well as to expand the source of medicine and introduce new resources. However, there were certain similarities and shared medicinal materials, which can tap the potential of bilateral trade of medicinal materials between China and India, so as to promote the medical cultural exchange and economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.

Effect of Anise Seeds (Pimpinella anisum) Oil Extract on Some Fertility Parameters in Albino Male Mice

Anise is an aromatic plant which is used in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical industry. The main components of anise seed are anise alcohol, p-anisaldehyde, estragol, acetophenone, limonene and pinene, while the volatile oil found in anise is anethole. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant and analgesic properties of anise seeds and oil have been confirmed by various studies. The current study was designed to study the effects of oral administration of anise oil on the reproductive capacity of adult male mice by examining certain physiological parameters such as measuring the serum testosterone level, counting the number of sperm, sperm motility and abnormal sperm morphology. A total of 36 male mice were used and randomly divided into three equal groups. Group1 received corn oil (control), T1 received anise oil in a dose of 0.043 gm/kg B.wt , and T2 received anise oil in a dose of 0.086 gm/kg B.Wt orally. The above mentioned parameters were examined at the end of three weeks of administration for six animals of each group. As well as, the examinations were repeated at the end of six weeks of administration for the rest of the animals. The results exhibited that treatment with anise oil led to a significant increase in the level of testosterone, sperm count and motility. Furthermore, abnormal morphology of the sperms decreased significantly. In conclusion, it can be said that the administered doses of anise oil could have led to improve the fertility in male mice.

Different wavelengths of LED irradiation promote secondary metabolite production in Pycnoporus sanguineus for antioxidant and immunomodulatory applications.

Pycnoporus sanguineus is a fungus of the phylum Basidiomycota that has many applications in traditional medicine, modern pharmaceuticals, and agricultural industries. Light plays an essential role in the metabolism, growth, and development of fungi. This study evaluated the mycelial growth and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in P. sanguineus fermentation broth (PFB) cultured under different wavelengths of LED irradiation or in the dark. Compared to the dark cultures, the dry weight of mycelia in red- and yellow-light cultures decreased by 37 and 35% and the yields of pigments increased by 30.92 ± 2.18mg and 31.75 ± 3.06mg, respectively. Compared with the dark culture, the DPPH free radical scavenging ability, ABTS+ free radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power of yellow-light cultures increased significantly, and their total phenolic content peaked at 180.0 ± 8.34μg/mL. However, the reducing power in blue-light cultures was significantly reduced, though the total phenol content did not vary with that of dark cultures. In LPS- and IFN-γ-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, nitrite release was significantly reduced in the red and yellow light-irradiated PFB compared with the dark culture. In the dark, yellow-, and green-light cultures, TNF-α production in the inflamed RAW 264.7 cells was inhibited by 62, 46, and 14%, respectively. With red-, blue-, and white-light irradiation, TNF-α production was significantly enhanced. Based on these results, we propose that by adjusting the wavelength of the light source during culture, one can effectively modulate the growth, development, and metabolism of P. sanguineus.

Classification of Medicinal Plant Leaves for Types and Diseases with Hybrid Deep Learning Methods

Leaf images are often used to detect plant diseases because most disease symptoms appear on the leaves. Analyzes performed by experts in the laboratory environment are expensive and time consuming. Therefore, there is a need for automated plant disease detection systems that are both economical and can help diagnose early symptoms more accurately. In this study, a deep learning-based methodology is presented for the classification of leaf diseases of plants, which are very similar in color, texture, vein and shape and cannot be noticed by non-experts, which are important for traditional medicine and pharmaceutical industry. In the model development process, 7 pre-learning deep learning algorithms and an image data set created from plant leaves in 10 categories were preferred. The proposed model classifies the plant type and diseased condition in the dataset. In the first step of training the model, different learning rates were tested with optimum hyperparameters. In the second part, a test accuracy rate of 98.69% was achieved with the DenseNet121 model, with increased data. At the last stage, after the edge detection processes, the test accuracy value of 67.92% was reached with the DenseNet 121 model.

Correlation analysis between artemisinin and its derivative contents and trichome characteristics from different Artemisia species

Artemisia species have significant commercial, medical, and economic value and are widely used in the traditional medicine and pharmaceutical industries. Artemisinin, a powerful antimalarial agent, is an important pharmaceutical metabolite that primarily accumulates within the glandular trichomes (GTs) on the leaf surface of Artemisia plants. Trichomes arising from the elongation of epidermal cells can be classified into GTs and non-glandular trichomes (NGTs) based on their morphology. GTs and NGTs are present in Artemisia species, and the relationship between GTs and artemisinin has been extensively studied; however, the correlation between NGTs and artemisinin remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we inferred artemisinin derivatives and trichome characteristics based on the type of species, developmental stage, and leaf age and conducted correlation analyses to investigate the factors influencing artemisinin content across different Artemisia species. Artemisinin and its derivatives exhibited variations in distribution based on species and leaf age, with a decreasing trend observed across most species as the developmental stage progressed. Noticeable differences among Artemisia species were observed in leaf shape, morphology, and trichome distribution. Although the observed data did not evidently differentiate between species, developmental stage, and leaf age groups, principal component analysis revealed that artemisinin was positively associated with the NGTs density, indicating a correlation coefficient of 0.56 (p < 0.0001). Therefore, the number of NGTs may affect the artemisinin content in different Artemisia species.

A Brief Discussion on the Construction of Practical Teaching System for the Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Development Major

China’s traditional medicine, science, and technology industry has great development potential. However, thereis a problem of insufficient practitioners in the current industrial development. At the same time, the capabilities of existing practitioners do not match the demand standards. Therefore, it is necessary to actively promote the education of resources and development in Central Asia. As an institution for cultivating talents, colleges and universities must establish a practical teaching system for cultivating talents. Based on the requirements put forward by China in education, this article studies the development status of the traditional Chinese medicine resources and development major, determines the talent training goals, starts from the practical teaching aspect, and locates the industry’s requirements for the capabilities of personnel in the fieldof traditional Chinese medicine. It also puts forward the overall idea of the construction of the practical teaching system, summarizes the reform content of the practical teaching system, and lastly provides the specific path of the reform.

Enhancement of Spices’ Inherent Characteristics Using Mid-Infrared Ray – A Pioneering Research

Spices are vital ingredients in cuisine, traditional medicine, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Increasing the potency of the organoleptic properties of spices may reduce the quantity of use, hence conserving natural resources and reducing cost. However, the technology to accomplish this has not yet been developed. We have invented a 2-6 μm Mid-Infrared Generating Atomizer (MIRGA), which was applied externally over packaged spices. We discovered the changes in spices’ chemistry which was responsible for their enhanced inherent characteristics (aroma and taste). In addition, the required quantity of the treated spices for recipe preparation was 20-40% less versus control. The irradiation using MIRGA is economical, easy to use at any level from consumer to industry, safe and eco-friendly. The research is illustrated with organoleptic tests, instrumental measurements and mineral estimation of black cumin.

HUBUNGAN RIWAYAT KERJA TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN VALIDASI DAN KUALIFIKASI BERDASARKAN CPOTB DI USAHA KECIL OBAT TRADISIONAL PT. X di DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Validation and qualification are important activities the pharmaceutical industry to produce quality and safe drugs. Good Manufacturing Practices for Traditional Medicines (CPOTB) is a guideline for the traditional medicine industry to produce medicines with guaranteed quality from validation and qualifications. Employee knowledge in carrying out validation and qualifications in the traditional medicine industry is very necessary to support the production quality assurance process. The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between work history (length of work and work area) on validation knowledge and qualifications based on CPOTB in the small business of traditional medicine PT. X in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The type of research is descriptive quantitative with a cross sectional method. The research uses primary data from questionnaires of 35 employees who work in the production sector of PT. X. The results showed that there was no work history relationship with employee knowledge of CPOTB, with a p-value of 0.496 (&lt;0.05) in the length of work and a p-value of 0.724 (&lt;0.05) in the work area. From the data it can be concluded that the length of work and employee work area in the production sector are not related to employee knowledge of CPOTB.

Cultivation and Analysis of Citronella Essential Oil Compounds for Traditional Medicine Development

Purpose: This study addresses challenges faced by Mahapraja, a Bali tourist cottage. It explores issues related to citronella cultivation, trust-building, limited land, equipment underutilization, and marketing hurdles. It is relevant for regional traditional medicine and agriculture.&#x0D; Method: This research uses a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative data collection (interviews, surveys, observations) with quantitative analysis (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer). Pre- and post-tests gauge knowledge enhancement during socialization activities.&#x0D; Practical Applications: The findings improve citronella cultivation in Mahapraja, boosting essential oil production and benefiting the cottage and traditional medicine industry. It informs marketing strategies, instilling confidence in producing and selling derivative products.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study highlights Mahapraja's citronella challenges, setting the stage for agricultural improvements and effective marketing. It underscores research's role in advancing regional traditional medicine and agriculture, positioning Mahapraja for success in citronella essential oil production and sales.

Examination of Marketing Communication Tactics to Enhance Brand Recognition for BSKIN Aesthetic Products

According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), in 2021 there will be an increase of 9,61% in the growth of the chemical, pharmaceutical and traditional medicine industry, especially in the production and sale of cosmetics. BSkin is present in Indonesia as a facial care product originating from Korea and competes with other facial care products. This study aims to analyze the marketing communication strategies that have been used by BSkin in an effort to increase brand awareness of their aesthetic products. In this study used a qualitative descriptive method. The results obtained from the research are that BSkin has carried out integrated marketing communication strategies to increase brand awareness of its products among the public, including using social media and digital media as marketing media, publishing on online media and print media, using promotional tools such as vouchers, catalogs, booklets, discount promos, free product promotions, sweepstakes, cashback, Instagram challenges, royalty rewards. BSkin also holds meetings and participates in large-scale beauty events to introduce BSkin to the public. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the strategy that has been carried out by BSkin has succeeded in getting people to know BSkin and making BSkin top of mind.

Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi involved in the promotion of sesquiterpene accumulation in Syringa pinnatifolia

Abstract Background The stem of Syringa pinnatifolia is used as traditional Mongolian medicine for the treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases, in which sesquiterpenes are regarded as the primary medicinal compounds. However, only S. pinnatifolia from natural stands is able to produce medicinal-grade stems when compared with that from cultivated stands. Despite the need to develop an effective technique to promote sesquiterpene accumulation in cultivated stands to ensure sustainable resource production, studies on the potential use of fungal endophytes as fungal elicitors were limited. Objective This study explored the potential of selected endophytic fungi isolated from the stems of wild and cultivated S. pinnatifolia and further examined their efficacy in promoting sesquiterpene production in S. pinnatifolia calli. Results Among the 11 fungal groups, Valsa sp, isolated from wild S. pinnatifolia, emerged as a promising fungal elicitor for promoting sesquiterpene accumulation in S. pinnatifolia. This conclusion is drawn from the production of a humulane-type sesquiterpene, known to be one of the most prevalent subtypes of sesquiterpenes in S. pinnatifolia. In addition, it was demonstrated that methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid displayed little effect on sesquiterpene accumulation in S. pinnatifolia. Conclusions The findings of this study lay a foundation for using fungal endophytes to promote sesquiterpene production in S. pinnatifolia. This contribution could subsequently advance the development of the local traditional medicine industry and aid in the protection of wild S. pinnatifolia.

The official-private game of ginseng trade between China and Korea in modern times

As culturally friendly countries, China and the Korean Peninsula have had active medical exchanges throughout history, which had a significant impact on the traditional medicine industry and daily life of both sides. Ginseng is an important commodity in the drug trade between China and Korea, and its profits are lucrative and an important source of fiscal revenue for the Korean government.In modern times, lured by huge profits, some Korean and Chinese businessmen have engaged in ginseng smuggling, even government officials.In order to safeguard the interests of the official camp, the two governments have always severely punished smuggling, but ginseng smuggling has not disappeared, and the game between official and private ginseng has become a unique phenomenon in the medical exchanges between China and Korea.

Formulating a Business Strategy for Herbal Company (The Case of PT. XYZ)

The large potential in the chemical, pharmaceutical and traditional medicine industries raise many new challenges for players in the industry, especially for MSMEs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the external and internal environment of PT. XYZ, formulate strategic alternatives and strategic priorities for PT. XYZ's business development, and mapping program recommendations from alternative strategies in PT. XYZ's business development. The analysis tool used is the QSPM method with SWOT analysis. Then mapping program recommendations from alternative strategies is carried out using the strategy architecture method. The results of the formulation with the SWOT matrix produce eight alternative business strategies with a focus on market penetration and product development. The results of business strategy priorities based on the company's current conditions are 1) Managing licensing by utilizing intensive support from BPOM (online assistance, 50% PNBP fee discount, and free lab testing); 2) Expanding the marketing of extract product manufacturing services, simplicia, and contract manufacturing; 3) Maximizing marketing channels through digital media; 4) Develop new product ideas and innovations in the herbal industry; 5) Collaborating with other certified parties to use production facilities; 6) Maintaining the quality and variety of products; 7) Strengthening partnerships with resellers to minimize marketing costs. Keywords: Competitive Strategy, Herbal Industry, MSME, Strategy Architecture, SWOT, QSPM.

Kajian Penerapan Cara Pembuatan Obat Tradisional yang Baik pada Industri Ekstrak Bahan Alam di Indonesia

Good Manufacturing Practices for Traditional Medicine (GMP for TM) must be applied by Traditional Medicine Businesses in Indonesia, namely Traditional Medicine Small Businesses (TMSB), Traditional Medicine Micro Businesses (TMMB), Traditional Medicine Industry (TMI) and Active Traditional Medicine Ingredients Industries (ATMII), to ensure the quality of the products produced. At the end of 2021, the Indonesian FDA established the most recent GMP for TM standards, which follow the PIC / PE 009-015 standard that must be applied by TMI and ATMII, with an appendix related to GMP for Active Ingredients Traditional Medicine (ATMI) for ATMII. This study aims to determine the GMP profile for TM implementation, specifically in 17 ATMII in Indonesia, and to provide recommendations to the Indonesian FDA in supervising and assisting ATMII. The method was carried out by creating a list of questions from 17 aspects of GMP for Active Ingredients TM, including aspects of product development and technology transfer, to be filled out independently by 17 IEBA, followed by verification and assessment of compliance with the implementation of GMP for TM with the conclusion of the assessment results of the categories are very good, good, sufficient, and poor. According to the findings of the current GMP for TM application, 6 ATMII (35.3%) received a very good assessment result, 6 ATMII (35.3%) received a good assessment result, 3 ATMII (17.6%) received sufficient assessment results, and 2 ATMII (11.8%) received poor assessment results. The current GMP for TM implementation by ATMII that requires attention are Contract Manufacturers (Including Laboratories), product development and technology transfer, personnel, quality control, and validation, whose average level of fulfilment is still less than 80%. These aspects are critical because they significantly influence the consistency of the quality.

Mesosphaerum suaveolens Essential Oil Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Regulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze (Syn. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.) is a wild essential-oil-bearing plant having multiple uses in traditional medicine, perfumery, food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. The present paper is the first report on the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of the leaf essential oil of M. suaveolens (MSLEO) and unravels its molecular mechanism in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil (EO) isolated from the leaves by hydro-distillation led to the identification of 48 constituents, accounting for 90.55% of the total oil, and β-caryophyllene (16.17%), phyllocladene (11.85%), abietatriene (11.46%), and spathulenol (7.89%) were found to be the major components. MSLEO treatment had no effect on the viability of RAW 264.7 cells up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL, and the EO was responsible for a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, a decrease in intracellular ROS production, and the restoration of oxidative damage by elevating the levels of endogenous antioxidative enzymes like CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that MSLEO reduced the mRNA expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 as compared to the LPS-induced group. In addition, a confocal microscopy analysis showed that MSLEO inhibited the translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus. The results of this experiment demonstrate that MSLEO possesses significant anti-inflammatory potential by preventing the activation of NF-κB, which, in turn, inhibits the downstream expression of other inflammatory mediators associated with the activation of the NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, the leaf essential oil of M. suaveolens may prove to be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation, and targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway may be considered as an attractive approach for anti-inflammatory therapies.

Antianxiety Studies on Leaves of Clitoria Ternatea Linn a High Potential Medicinal Plant

Clitoria ternatea, commonly known as “Butterfly Pea”, is a remarkable plant species that has gained increasing attention due to its diverse range of potential applications in traditional medicine, culinary arts, and nutraceutical industries. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Clitoria ternatea, including its botanical characteristics, phytochemical composition, traditional uses across cultures, and emerging pharmacological potential. By examining the various aspects of this plant, we highlight its significance and offer insights into its promising future. The goal of the contemporary revision is to verify the methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea leaves’ ability to reduce anxiety using an elevated plus maze model. Swiss wister rats being given several dosages of the leaf extracts (150 mg/kg p.o.) and alprazolam (2.5 mg/kg p.o.) served as the positive control. The study’s findings indicate that greater doses of methanolic extract—300 mg/kg—possess pronounced anti-anxiety activity and are comparable to the effects of alprazolam. The plant may be used to produce anxiolytic action.

Potentiometric Determination of Copper in Herbal Material and Hydrolats of Veronica Species (Family Plantaginaceae)

The aim of our work was an implementation of potentiometric determination of copper in samples of the genus Veronica (family Plantaginaceae). Genus Veronica herbs are widely used in e.g. cosmetic, traditional medicine and food industry. The copper content was potentiometrically analysed in 25 herbal samples of genus Veronica and 12 of their hydrolats. The analysed samples were herbal samples of Veronicas harvested mainly in three Croatian regions – Dalmatia, Lika and Slavonia as well as randomly selected samples of theirs hydrolats. Veronicas’ samples were digested in a microwave oven by using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide mixture. The potentiometric determination was performed by using commercially available CuISE for Cu2+, by using potentiometric methods previously developed in our laboratory.

Simultaneous Analysis of 12 Aphrodisiacs in Traditional Medicine using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

People tend to consume traditional medicines compared to synthetic drugs due to their safety and low side effects. The high demand of traditional medicine consumption in public stimulates some traditional medicine industries illegally add medicinal chemicals into their products to elevate the therapeutic effect. In order to accelerate the monitoring program of product quality and safety, the availability of a rapid and reliable analytical method becomes a necessity. The research aims to determine the validity of the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and its application to simultaneously identify 12 aphrodisiac compounds in male sexual enhancer traditional medicine. The chromatography system used an ion modifier of 0.1% formic acid. The mass spectrometer was equipped with a triple quadrupole (TQD) as a mass analyzer in a positive mode of ESI. The analysis was conducted in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transition. Qualitative analysis was performed using retention time (Rt) of peaks in each compound, within their value of m/z quantifier and qualifier ions. Method validation was performed by evaluating the profile of selectivity, precision, matrix effect, and limit of detection (LOD). A qualitative analysis of the selectivity test was carried out by comparing the retention times between the blank sample added with the reference standards (spiked sample) and those in reference standards, with a difference of ±1minute shifts. Precision analysis on intra-day precision gives results in the range of 2.0–8.6%. The method showed that there was no matrix effect with the extraction efficiency values ranging from 86.2 to 110.9%. The LOD values for the 12 compounds were in the range of 1.6 ± 0.58 to 18.2 ± 6.14 µg/g. The method can be applied to test 49 samples of male sexual enhancer traditional medicines consisting of powder, capsules, solutions, soft capsules, and caplets dosage forms. The tested samples contained 8 (eight) types of aphrodisiac compounds. This study shows that LC-MS can be used to confirm the content of aphrodisiac compounds in traditional medicinal samples.

THE ROLE OF BRAND IMAGE IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF PRODUCT QUALITY ON REPURCHASE INTENTIONS BOKASHI RUB OIL IN DENPASAR CITY

Indonesia’s traditional medicine industry is growing rapidly. Bokashi Rub Oil is one of a traditional medicine in the form of rub oil that combines coconut arrack oil with Effective Microorganism (EM) technology. The proper strategy must be implemented by Bokashi Rub Oil to make consumers feel interested and repeat purchases. The purpose of this resesearch is to explain how product quality affect brand image and repurchase intentions. The number of samples taken as 152 respondents using a questionnaire, which was carried out in Denpasar City. A non probability sampling and purposive sampling technique were used to select the sample. Using SPSS for Windows, path analysis was used as the method of data analysis. The analylis results findings demonstrate that not all hypotheses are accepted. The effect of product quality on repurchase intentions is significant positive, the effect of brand image on repurchase intentions is significant positive. On the other hand, product quality has an insignificant positive effect on brand image, brand image is unable mediate the effect of product quality on repurchase intentions

Nutritional Content and Bioactive Compounds of Banana Peel and Its Potential Utilization: A Review

Banana is one of the popular fruits among consumers due to their excellent nutritional value. However, banana peel, the fruit’s main secondary product or a significant by-product in banana processing, is generally abandoned and discarded as waste. Banana peels are rich in nutritional content such as protein, carbohydrates, fat, moisture, and ash contents. They are also high in bioactive compounds such as phenolic (flavonoids) and various types of carotenoids (lutein, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene). Phenolic compounds effectively protect the human body against various diseases, specifically oxidative stress-related diseases. Due to all the advantages of banana peels, plenty of potential utilization could be explored, including citric acid production by Aspergillus niger, traditional medicine, foods, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as dietary incorporation. Thus, this paper discussed the nutritional contents and bioactive compounds of banana peel and their potential utilization as food additives, supplements, and pharmaceuticals. This could then help to minimize the number of agro-solid waste disposal from the food industry by processing the waste into value-added products.