Practice Of Traditional Medicine Research Articles

A comprehensive analysis of Cestrum nocturnum: Its phytochemical composition, pharmacological applications, and toxicity profile in the context of traditional medicinal practices

According to traditional medicine, the study gives a full look at the phytochemical makeup, pharmacological uses, and toxic profile of Cestrum nocturnum (night-blooming jasmine). The review sought to connect traditional knowledge with scientific evidence, assessing the therapeutic potential and safety concerns linked to this plant. The methods involved conducting a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature and ethnobotanical databases. The focus was on studies that examined the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and toxicological properties of Cestrum nocturnum. The data pertaining to traditional uses, active compounds, therapeutic effects, dosage, and adverse reactions were thoroughly extracted and carefully analyzed. The results indicate that Cestrum nocturnum contains a range of phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and essential oils. Pharmacological studies have extensively documented its various effects, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, and sedative properties. Common applications involve the treatment of ailments like epilepsy, anxiety, and skin disorders. Nevertheless, there have been some concerns raised about the plant's toxicity, specifically related to the presence of solanine alkaloids. In conclusion, Cestrum nocturnum shows great potential as a source of bioactive compounds that could have valuable therapeutic applications. However, more research is needed, including thorough clinical trials and toxicity assessments, to determine the safety and effectiveness of this treatment for specific conditions. This review highlights the significance of combining traditional knowledge with scientific validation to fully harness the potential of Cestrum nocturnum in modern medicine, while also prioritizing its safe and responsible utilization. Keywords: Cestrum nocturnum, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, traditional medicine

An Assessment of the Regulatory Framework for African Traditional Medicinal Practice in Nigeria

Traditional medicine (TM) by World Health Organization (WHO) is the totality of knowledge, skills, and practices based on theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance and preservation of health, whether physical or mental. African traditional medicine is the holistic healthcare system specializing on divination, spiritualism, and herbalism. In Nigeria, most indigenes rely on TM to meet their primary healthcare needs. WHO’s strategy for TM is to promote TM integration and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into the healthcare systems of countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to critically assess the regulatory framework for traditional medicinal practice in Nigeria. The research methodology was doctrinal approach, using expository and analytical research design. The main sources of data collection were literatures from physical library and e-library. This research found, among others, that there is need to have a working national framework for the safe practice of TM in Nigeria. Thus, this research recommended, among others, a distinct national framework for the practice of TM in Nigeria which will also establish a functioning regulatory institution in various states, thereby ensuring proper regulation and enlightenment in this milieu.

Analysis of clinical study registration characteristics of traditional medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform

Objective: To analyze clinical trials of traditional medicine (including Chinese herbal medicine and nonpharmacological therapies) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) registered in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and accordingly to explore their clinical trial registration characteristics, development trend and intervention status, in an attempt to provide references for future research design, diagnosis and management of traditional Chinese medicine therapy for T2DM. Methods: The clinical trials related to Chinese herbal medicine and nonpharmacological therapies for treating T2DM were retrieved on the ICTRP online from the time of database construction to August 13, 2023, to analyze the time of registration, country and institution of the study, source of funding, type and design of the study, randomization and blinding methods, clinical staging, therapeutic measures, and main therapeutic effect indexes. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using R4.3.0 and Excel software. Results: A total of 774 clinical trials for T2DM treatment were included, of which 127 were traditional herbal therapies and 647 were nonpharmacological therapies. The T2DM clinical trial registration institutions were distributed in 50 countries worldwide involving 15 clinical registration platforms, with the most registrations in Iran, China, and Australia, and the top 3 registration platforms were the Iranian Clinical Trial Registry, the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, and the ICTRP. Universities (551, 71.19%) were the main funding sources. Intervention studies (750, 96.90%) were the primary study type, including randomized controlled trials (432, 56. 4%), and 225 studies mentioned the blinding method. A total of 530 (68.48%) with a sample size ≤100 were included. Study phases were predominantly phase 2 and phase 3 (108, 51.43%). The interventions of traditional medicine for T2DM were composed of Chinese herbal medicines (mainly ginseng and astragalus compound), nonpharmacological therapies (mainly exercise and diet therapies), and 2 or more comprehensive treatment regimes. According to the type of study design, the first 3 main therapeutic indexes were fasting blood glucose (286 times), glycated hemoglobin (282 times), and insulin resistance (120 times), and the top 3 secondary therapeutic indexes were body mass index (179 times), fasting blood glucose (175 times), and glycated hemoglobin (134 times). Conclusion: The study dissects the current status and trend of registration of clinical trials on traditional medicine for T2DM treatment. The number of trial registrations is on the rise year by year, and there are obvious geographical differences in the countries and platforms of registration. The trial design is mainly randomized controlled blind trials with a sample size of <100, and the main interventions are nonpharmacological therapies. Correct and standardized registration of clinical trials and timely reporting of study results are greatly important to facilitate the implementation of clinical trials, reduce publication bias, provide high-level diagnostic and therapeutic bases for clinical practice guidelines, and develop effective treatment strategies. This study is expected to help other scholars, health care professionals, patients, and the public to understand the latest research trends and hotspots in this field and provide certain references and inspirations for the future research design and clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of T2DM.

Rapid identification of moxa wool storage period based on hyperspectral imaging technology and machine learning

Moxa wool (MW), derived from the dried leaves of Artemisiaargyi, plays a significant role in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the quality of MW varies with its storage period, impacting its therapeutic efficacy. Traditional methods for quality detection are limited and destructive. To address this, we propose a non-destructive detection method using hyperspectral imaging technology and machine learning algorithms to accurately identify the storage period of MW. Nevertheless, hyperspectral data poses challenges due to its high dimensionality and redundancy, leading to increased computational complexity. To overcome this, we employed principal component analysis (PCA), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), and successive projection algorithm (SPA) for data dimensionality reduction and wavelength selection. The results demonstrate that these techniques significantly enhance the accuracy of MW storage year identification. For Nanyang MW, the CARS+SVM model achieved the highest accuracy rates of 99.8% in the visible-near-infrared (VNIR) range and 99.55% in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) range. Similarly, for Qichun MW, the SPA+SVM model achieved identification accuracies of 99.78% and 99.47% in the VNIR and SWIR ranges, respectively. This research provides valuable insights into the rapid detection of MW quality by indication of storage years and presents a novel approach for quality control of MW in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. The combination of hyperspectral imaging and machine learning offers a promising solution for efficient and accurate MW identification, contributing to the advancement of traditional medicine practices.

Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant efficacy of Chrysojasminum fruticans (L.) Banfi in Syrian flora

This study investigates the antioxidant properties of Chrysojasminum fruticans (L.) Banfi through a series of assays to measure the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and free radical scavenging activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, to ensure that it can be used as an antioxidant drug. The TPC, TFC and DPPH assay were performed using spectrophotometric method, and in terms of a linear standard curve for gallic acid, Quercetin, Vitamin C respectively. The.aqueous extract of the flowers exhibited the highest concentration of phenolics, reaching 81.9 mg GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent) per gram of (Dry Extract) DE, Conversely the ethanolic extract from the fruits demonstrated the lowest phenolic content, with a mere 0.249 (mg GAE/g DE). the aqueous flower extract demonstrated the highest flavonoid concentration, achieving an impressive 113.584 mg quercetin equivalents per gram of DE (mg QUE/g DE). In contrast, the methanolic fruit extract exhibited the lowest flavonoid concentration, measured at a mere 0.695 (mg QUE/g DE). Additionally, the methanolic flower extract demonstrated superior free radical scavenging activity, requiring only 0.348 mg/mL to inhibit 50 % of DPPH radicals, Conversely, the methanolic fruit extract exhibited the least antioxidant activity, as reflected by its highest IC50 value of 1.996 mg/mL.These results underscore Chrysojasminum fruticans (L.) Banfi potent antioxidant capacity and its established role in traditional medicine practices globally, and encourage to be included as a drug contributing to the treatment of many chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, after conducting the necessary clinical studies.

Radioprotective Effects of Annona Muricata Leaf Extract in the Spinal Cord

Objective: The spinal cord is often involved in radiotherapy to treat malignancies and is considered as one of the most critical dose-limiting organs. Histopathological changes of radiation-induced spinal cord injury include gliosis, demyelination, and necrosis in the white matter, as well as vascular changes in both white and gray matter. All aerial parts of Annona muricata (AM) are used in traditional medicine practices, and previous studies revealed that AM leaf extract has radioprotective effect against gamma- irradiation. This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of AM leaf extract against ionizing radiation spinal cord injury. Methods: A total of 37 adult female Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 groups (1 control and 3 intervention groups): Group 1 (control) received 0.01 mL/kg of distilled water by oral gavage once a day for 7 days, group 2 (AM group) received 300 mg/kg of AM leaf extract by oral gavage once a day for 7 days, group 3 (IR group) received a single dose of spinal cord radiation (20 Gy) after a 7-day treatment with 0.01 mL/kg of physiologic serum (saline), and group 4 (AM + IR group) received 300 mg/kg of AM leaf extract by oral gavage once a day for 7 days, with spinal cord radiation (20 Gy) applied 1 hour after the last gavage. After the sacrificing, spinal cords were dissected out, embedded in paraffin, and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, and 11 parameters were microscopically examined and scored. Results: AM administration prior to irradiation (IR) lowered the histopathological scores for all parameters that were verified in the IR group at most severe levels: inflammatory cells infiltration, edema, neuron swelling, gliocytes hyperplasia, spinal cord cavitation (loosened tissue structure), pyknotic nuclei, vacuolar denaturation, and loss of Nissls substance. Necrosis was present in IR group and was higher compared to Control and AM treated groups. We noticed that necrosis was present in the AM group too and was higher compared to the control. Conclusion: The data of our study suggest that pretreatment with 300 mg/kg of AM leaf extract prior to IR reduce inflammatory cells infiltration, edema, and neuron swelling. This supports the fact that AM-proposed anti-inflammatory property may contribute to neuroprotection. Similarly, AM was documented to have efficient protection on neural cells from apoptosis or necrosis.

Integrasi Tradisi dan Modernisme dalam Sistem Kesehatan Masyarakat Kampung Naga: Studi Kasus Perilaku Pengobatan dan Hidup Bersih Sehat

Kampung Naga, as one of the traditional villages in Indonesia, has a unique health system. In an effort to preserve their culture, the people of Kampung Naga remain open to modern developments. This research analyzes how the community of Kampung Naga integrates traditional medicine practices with modern healthcare services. Through a qualitative approach focusing on medicinal behavior and clean and healthy living practices, the study reveals a coexistence between the use of herbal medicines, prayers, and visits to healthcare facilities. There are several challenges in this adaptation process, such as limited access to healthcare facilities and a lack of understanding regarding the importance of clean and healthy living practices. Further analysis indicates that cultural factors, beliefs, and the availability of modern healthcare services also influence the community’s medical behaviors. The findings have significant implications for developing public health programs in culturally diverse regions. Such programs need to be designed with consideration of local cultural values and involve the community actively in planning and implementation.

Study on the chemical composition of Gegen-Tianma decoction and its absorbed constituents in rat plasma, brain based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and DESI-MSI

In traditional Chinese medicinal practices, Gegen (GG) and Tianma (TM) are widely utilized for headache relief, but their material basis has not been comprehensively characterized. This research utilized ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) for precise determination of Gegen-Tianma's (GGTM) material composition, and employed desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) to pinpoint the brain-absorbed components and various metabolites post oral administration to rats. A total of 80 chemical constituents were identified from GGTM, 11 prototypes and 18 metabolites were identified from plasma. The brain tissue was identified in total 4 prototypes and 5 metabolites, these constituents were basically located in the prefrontal cortex and thalamus. The absorption patterns of components in the rat brain aligned with the varied distribution of metabolites within the brain. This study provides a solid theoretical basis for in-depth exploration of potential drug targets and elucidation of the specific mechanism of action of GGTM in the treatment of migraine.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Adults Visiting Family Health Centers in Ankara About Traditional and Complementary Medicine Practices During the Pandemic

Knowledge and Attitudes of Adults Visiting Family Health Centers in Ankara About Traditional and Complementary Medicine Practices During the Pandemic

Integrating Traditional Medicine with Modern Healthcare: Addressing Maternal and Mental Health in Uganda

Traditional medicine in Uganda, deeply rooted in cultural and historical practices, plays a significant role in addressing maternal and mental health challenges. This review explores the integration of traditional medicine with modern healthcare systems, aiming to enhance maternal and mental health outcomes while preserving cultural heritage. Traditional practices, including herbal remedies, spiritual healing, and the role of traditional birth attendants (TBAs), provide crucial support, particularly in rural areas with limited access to modern medical facilities. The review examines the contributions of traditional medicine to maternal health, including prenatal, labor, and postnatal care, and its role in mental health through spiritual and community-based practices. Despite the valuable contributions, integrating traditional and modern healthcare presents challenges such as cultural barriers, regulatory issues, and the need for standardization. Efforts to integrate these approaches include policy development, educational initiatives, and collaborative health programs. The National Drug Authority (NDA) plays a pivotal role in regulating and standardizing traditional medicine practices, ensuring safety and efficacy through research and quality control measures. Economic impacts of traditional medicine include income generation, local trade, and affordable healthcare options, although practitioners face challenges like lack of formal recognition and regulatory issues. Public perception is influenced by cultural beliefs and trust in traditional practices, with increasing acceptance of integrated approaches in urban areas. In conclusion, integrating traditional medicine with modern healthcare in Uganda offers a promising path towards a more inclusive and culturally sensitive healthcare system. By addressing challenges through mutual respect, collaboration, and evidence-based practices, Uganda can enhance maternal and mental health outcomes and build a more comprehensive healthcare system. Keywords: Traditional Medicine, Modern Healthcare, Maternal, Mental Health in Uganda

Practice and Research Progress of Auricular Massage Therapy for Insomnia in Patients with Breast Cancer

This paper discusses the practice and research progress of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) auricular acupuncture massage therapy for insomnia in breast cancer patients. Firstly, it introduces the background and significance of insomnia in breast cancer patients, pointing out the limitations of traditional treatment methods. It then elucidates the theoretical basis of TCM auricular acupuncture massage for insomnia, including ear acupuncture theory, the association between massage and insomnia, and the treatment mechanism. Subsequently, it describes the clinical practice of TCM auricular acupuncture massage in the treatment of insomnia in breast cancer patients, including research methods, practical processes, and result analysis. Finally, it summarizes the current research progress and prospects future research directions and trends.

A review of phytopharmacology and formulation of sphaeranthus indicus

Sphaeranthus indicus Linn., belonging to the Asteraceae family, It thrives abundantly in damp areas, including as a weed in rice fields across India. In traditional Indian medicine, many different components of the plant, including the leaves, cortex, wood, roots, flower, and seed, are used to cure a variety of illnesses. Astringent, stomachic, refreshing, and externally calming are some of the qualities associated with the herb. Sphaeranthus indicus is rich in diverse secondary metabolites, including eudesmanolides, sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpene lactones, sesquiterpene acids, flavone glycosides, flavonoid C-glycosides, is flavone glycoside, sterols, sterol glycosides, alkaloids, peptide alkaloids, amino acids, and sugars. Essential oils extracted from its flowers and whole plants contain monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. This comprehensive review encompasses the structure, botanical compounds composition, ethnobotanical uses, and pharmacological activities reported for Sphaeranthus indicus. It underscores the vast medicinal potential of this plant and highlights its importance in traditional and modern medicinal practices.

Biosynthetic pathway analysis combined with feature-based molecular networking to comprehensively characterize the chemical constituents in seeds of Sterculia lychnophora.

The seeds of Sterculia lychnophora Hance, commonly known as Pangdahai (PDH) in Chinese, have found extensive use in both culinary and traditional medicinal practices. However, a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition of PDH has been lacking. This study proposes a strategy that integrates biosynthetic pathway analysis with feature-based molecular networking (FBMN), aiming for a thorough and global characterization of the chemical compositions of PDH. The FBMN map reveals potential compounds with structural similarity, and the MS/MS fragments could be annotated based on library matches, which could predict the plausible biosynthetic pathways in PDH, accomplishing the annotation of compounds clustered in FBMN by integrating biosynthetic pathways. Consequently, 126 compounds were plausibly or unambiguously identified, including 37 phenolic acids and glycosides, 20 flavonoids and glycosides, 12 procyanidins, 21 alkaloids, 22 lipids, and 14 others. Leveraging the information, 40 compounds, including 1 unique isoquinoline alkaloid and 2 rare linear furocoumarins, were isolated and confirmed. This study not only demonstrates a highly effective approach for identifying compounds within complex herbal mixtures but also establishes a robust foundation for the further development of PDH.

International standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Techniques: Traditional Chinese Medicine guidelines for acute primary headache (2022).

To summarize the evidence from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practice in the treatment of acute primary headache and provide clinical practice guidance. The guidelines were developed in accordance with the World Health Organization guideline development manual. After the establishment of steering committee, panel and the registration and protocol formulation, the evidence on TCM for acute primary headache from published guidelines, clinical evidence, and expert experience and consensus were collected. The grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation method was used to grade the evidence and make the recommendations. Based on the available evidence, the guidelines recommended three TCM herbal decoctions, six Chinese patent medicines, and two kinds of external application of Chinese herbal medicines. Diagnostic recommendations based on the expert experience and consensus were also included in the guidelines. TCM diagnosis and treatment of decoction, Chinese patent medicine and external application for treating acute primary headache were recommended. We hope these guidelines will be helpful in standardize the TCM acute treatment of primary headache.

Ethnobotanical study of the traditional use of medicinal plants used for treating human diseases in selected districts of West Gojjam zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Introduction: Historically, Ethiopians have relied on medicinal plants to heal a wide range of human diseases. However, indigenous knowledge associated with medicinal plants has been lost due to the secrecy of the knowledge transfer system and several anthropogenic factors. Thus, this study was aimed to document ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in three districts (Sekela, Dembecha, and South Achefer) of west Gojjam zone of the Amhara Regional State.Methods: Ethnobotanical data were collected between November 28, 2021 to December 22, 2022 using a semi-structured questionnaire, a focus group discussion, and field observations. Data were gathered from 30 key informants and 399 general informants. Key informants and general informants were selected by purposively and random sampling method, respectively. Descriptive statistics and ranking analyzing methods was used to analyze the data. During the process of data analysis, we pooled data from three districts into a single dataset. Combining data from three districts into one analysis allows for a broader understanding of the traditional knowledge and practices within the districts.Results: A total of 97 medicinal plants were identified, with the Fabaceae family being the most prominent, followed by the Asteraceae. Herbs were the dominant plant habit, and leaves were the most frequently used plant part for medicines. The most common method for preparing remedies was crushing, and oral delivery was the primary administration method. Olea europaea was identified as the most multipurpose plant species, particularly effective under high pressure, with an informant consensus factor of 0.92 for dermatological diseases. Calpurnia aurea was the top ranked for treating diarrhea, followed by Rumex nepalensis. The decline of medicinal plants in the study areas was primarily due to charcoal production and agricultural activities, leading herbalists to collect remedies from forests and remote locations.Conclusion: This study underscores the vital role of indigenous knowledge and biodiversity by documenting medicinal plant use in Sekela, Dembecha, and South Achefer districts. Urgent conservation measures are imperative to safeguard these plants and sustain traditional medicinal practices.

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC.: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract: Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., commonly known as Shalparni in Ayurveda, has been used for treating various diseases. The plant is one among ten ingredients of classical Ayurvedic formulations Dasamula. Decoctions of root and leaf, root powder and leaf juice of D. gangeticum are used as tonics, febrifuge, digestive, antiemetic, astringent, anti-asthmatic, anti-diarrhoeal and anti-inflammatory agents in traditional medicinal practices of India and its neighbouring countries. Phytochemical investigations of this plant revealed the presence of many bioactive phytoconstituents. The present review was prepared with the objective of documenting the phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of D. gangeticum. The data presented here were collected from various sources like books, journals, various online databases, and monographs and internet search engines Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, etc. Studies reported from phytochemical screening revealed that D. Gangeticum leaves and roots are rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, carbohydrates, steroids, phenylpropanoids, pterocarpans, coumarins, and volatile oil. Among the isolated compounds, major bio-active constituents are alkaloids, flavonoids and pterocarpans. All these phytochemicals are widely distributed in various parts of D. gangeticum. The other active constituents like desmodin, hordenine and gangetin are largely responsible for its broad spectrum of therapeutic potentiality. Desmodin belongs to the class of pterocarpans and is reported to have antifungal and antibacterial activities. Gangetin, which also belongs to the pterocarpans, is reported to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. FTIR spectroscopy showed that D. gangeticum extracts are mainly rich in phenolic derivatives. Scientific experiments carried out in vitro as well as preclinical animal experimentations, showed that the plant and its bioactive chemicals exhibit various therapeutic activities. It is reported that D. gangeticum extracts showed potent antioxidant, antibacterial, hypoglycaemic, analgesic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activities. Studies reported that D. gangeticum or its formulations are safe when used in appropriate therapeutic dosage.

Preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies of liposomal berberine using novel natural Fiber Interlaced Liposomal technology

Berberine hydrochloride (BBR), used in various traditional medicinal practices, has a variety of pharmacological effects. It is a plant-derived quaternary isoquinoline alkaloid with a low water solubility and can be used in the treatment of various conditions. However, the therapeutic use of BBR has been compromised because of its hydrophobic characteristics, in addition to its low stability and poor bioavailability. To overcome these drawbacks of BBR’s oral bioavailability, technologies like liposomal delivery systems have been developed to ensure enhanced absorption. But conventional liposomes have low physical and chemical stability due to delicate liposomal membranes, peroxidation and rapid clearance from the bloodstream. Surface modification of liposomes could be a solution and creating a liposome with plant-based fibers as surface material will provide enhanced stability, aqueous solubility and protection against degradation. Consequently, the aim of this study is to create and describe a Fiber Interlaced Liposome™ (FIL) as a vehicle for an enhanced bioavailability platform for BBR and other biomolecules. This optimised FIL-BBR formulation was analysed for its structural and surface morphological characteristics by using FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, zeta potential and DSC. Encapsulation efficiency, stability, and sustained release studies using an in vitro digestion model with simulated gastric and intestinal fluids were also examined. FIL formulation showed a sustained release of BBR at 59.03 % as compared to the unformulated control (46.73 %) after 8 h of dialysis. Furthermore, the FIL-BBR demonstrated enhanced stability in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF) in addition to a more sustained release in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The efficacy of FIL-BBR were further anlaysed by an in vivo bioavailability study using male Wistar rats and it demonstrated a 3.37−fold higher relative oral bioavailability compared to the unformulated BBR. The AUC 0-t for BBR in FIL-BBR was 1.38 ng.h/mL, significantly greater than the unformulated BBR (0.41 ng.h/mL). Similarly, the Cmax for BBR in FIL-BBR (50.98 ng/mL) was discovered to be far greater than unformulated BBR (15.54 ng/mL) after the oral administration. These findings imply that fruit fiber based liposomal encapsulation improves the stability and slows down BBR release, which could be advantageous for applications requiring a higher bioavailability and a more sustained release.

NEW POSSIBILITIES IN TRIBAL LITERARY RESEARCH

There are so many elements that we do not see in the tribal communities that are disappearing in the present day which needs to be recorded. A lot of studies have already been done in universities about tribal communities, socially, economically and traditionally, but there are so many aspects that are hidden in these that we do not see. , about Tribal Nyaya Panchayat, about Tribal Artists, about Tribal Arts, about Tribal Diets, about Tribal Rituals, about Tribal Culture-Laballi Relations. A study of tribal traditional herbal medicine practices, tribal similarities and differences, tribal aspirations, cultural identities of Karnataka and tribals, tribal elder worship, tribal mother culture, tribal beliefs, tribal animal husbandry, tribal languages, tribal cultural leaders, If we look at the life of the tribal communities, we will get a deep understanding of them. These are the identities of the tribal culture which need to be noticed and who is not considering them. It is imperative to study the identities of the tribes in the face of new ideas on such issues because there are chances that these are dying out day by day.

Using terahertz spectroscopy to quantify bioactive flavonoids in Moxa Wool as predictor of rheumatoid arthritis treatment outcomes

BackgroundMoxibustion, a traditional Chinese medicine practice, employs Moxa Wool, derived from Artemisia argyi. Flavonoids, the key pharmacological constituents in Moxa Wool, are known for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The purity of Moxa Wool, particularly its flavonoid content, directly influences the efficacy of moxibustion treatments. However, quantifying these bioactive flavonoids accurately and non-destructively has been a challenge. PurposeThis study introduces terahertz spectroscopy as a non-destructive optical detection method for qualitative detection and quantitative analysis of flavonoids in Moxa Wool. By establishing a mathematical model between spectral signals and clinical efficacy, a reliable correlation between flavonoid concentration and the therapeutic effect of moxibustion can be established, providing a potential predictive model for the treatment outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis. Study DesignWe adopted terahertz spectroscopy technology and combined it with terahertz metamaterial biosensors to achieve rapid, efficient, and non-destructive testing of the quality of Moxa Wool. This method reduces the detection time from hours to minutes while lowering the sample detection limit, overcoming the limitations of traditional detection methods in pharmacological research. MethodsThrough terahertz metamaterial biosensors, rapid detection of the purity of Moxa Wool has been achieved. A combination of molecular simulation and terahertz spectroscopy was used to quantitatively analyze the flavonoid content in different purities of Moxa Wool. To ensure accuracy, the quantitative results of flavonoids obtained by terahertz spectroscopy were validated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, moxibustion treatment was performed on rats with rheumatoid arthritis using Moxa Wool, and medical indicator information was recorded. A mathematical analysis model was established to evaluate the correlation between flavonoid content and analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. ResultsTerahertz spectroscopy analysis shows that there is a direct correlation between the flavonoid content in moxibustion and the absorption peak intensity. The maximum R2 in the model analysis is 0.98, indicating a high accuracy in predicting the purity of Moxa Wool. These results were also validated by HPLC. In a rat model, the purity of 30:1 Moxa Wool samples showed a 50 % decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels during treatment compared to low-purity samples, significantly reducing inflammation markers and pain symptoms. Meanwhile, The PLS prediction model established a correlation between terahertz-detected flavonoid levels and treatment outcomes (PWL and IL-1β). The maximum R2 in the model is 0.91, indicating a high correlation between flavonoid levels and the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of moxibustion treatment. ConclusionThis study not only demonstrates the effectiveness of terahertz spectroscopy in the pharmacological quantification of bioactive compounds but also establishes a novel predictive model for the efficacy of moxibustion in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. It underscores the potential of integrating traditional medicine insights with advanced technology to enhance therapeutic strategies in pharmacology.

Determinants of the Utilization of Recognized Traditional and Complementary Medicine Service in Malaysia: A Secondary Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Population-Based Survey

Plain Language SummaryMalaysia is a multiethnic and multicultural country with a long history of the coexistence of various traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) practices. Currently, seven practice areas are recognized in Malaysia: traditional Malay medicine (TMM), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), traditional Indian medicine, homeopathy, Islamic medical practice, chiropractic, and osteopathy. Many global studies have investigated the general determinants of T&CM service utilization. However, there has been no comprehensive study reporting specific determinants of recognized T&CM service utilization at a national level. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the prevalence and specific determinants of the utilization of recognized T&CM services in Malaysia. Our study revealed that 19.3% of the Malaysian population had utilized recognized T&CM services in the preceding 12 months, with 15.5% utilizing TMM services, 3.9% utilizing TCM services, and 1.5% utilizing other T&CM services. The specific determinates of service utilization were distinctively different between varied T&CM services, showing strong ethnocultural ownership.