Traditional Medicinal Knowledge Research Articles

Medicinal Plants from Vettangudi Water Bird Sanctuary in Sivagangai District of Tamil Nadu, Southern India

Most of the people depending on traditional medicine to meet their primary healthcare needs. Documenting the indigenous knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is important for the conservation of biological resources as well as their sustainable utilization. It is also necessary to collect the information about the knowledge of traditional medicines before it is permanently lost. Having all these facts in mind, the present study was carried out to document the plants used as medicine by the people inhabiting around the Vettangudi Water Bird Sanctuary of Sivagangai district in Tamil Nadu, India. The field survey was conducted in two villages situated near to Vettangudi Water Bird Sanctuary. The medicinal uses of 40 angiospermic plant species belonging to 36 genera of 24 families for various diseases and ailments were recorded by this study. The people inhabiting in the study area used 45 herbal therapies prepared from 40 plants to treat 27 different illnesses. Regarding the plant parts used, leaf was the mostly used plant part (51.16%) and extract was found as mostly followed mode (42.28%) to treat a particular disease. Attention should be made on proper exploitation and utilization of these medicinally important plant species.
 Keywords: Medicinal plants, Vettangudi Water Bird Sanctuary, Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu.

Diversity of Ethnomedicinal Plants and Their Therapeutic Uses in Western Ghats Region of Kodagu District, Karnataka, India

Kodagu district situated in Central Western Ghats embraces a rich biodiversity and is the treasure house of ethnobotanical wealth. The district has one of the highest densities of community managed sacred groves in the world with rich floral and faunal diversity. The tribal people of this region possess a plethora of traditional plant knowledge and health care practices. An ethnobotanical survey was made in the forests of Kodagu district in which a total of 205 ethnomedicinal plant species belonging to 72 families have been documented. Information about medicinal plants and their therapeutic uses was gathered by interaction with traditional medicinal practitioners. Of the total species documented herbs were predominately used (70 species) followed by shrubs (57 species), trees (51 species) and climbers (21 species). They are used to treat a wide range of diseases such as diabetes, jaundice, skin diseases, snake bite, dysentery, hyperacidity, abortifacient, anthelmintic, antiseptic, stomachic, piles, fever, cough and so on. The medicine’s formulation and mode of administration of these plants were recorded. The declining tribal population, impact of modernisation and pollution have threatened the indigenous knowledge even before the scientific validation of many therapeutic uses of these plants. This has necessitated protecting and conserving the medicinal plant diversity as well as traditional medicinal knowledge.

Politik Hukum Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengaturan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual

Seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahan dan teknologi, objek perlindungan hak kekayaan intelektual pun semakin berkembang dari waktu ke waktu. Objek-objek yang dimaksud tidak hanya ada di satu tempat saja, tetapi menyebar di berbagai daerah. Pada beberapa cabang HKI, salah satunya karena kepemilikan komunal atau penemunya tidak lagi diketahui, tidak dapat diberikan perlindungan perspektif HKI, misalnya pengetahuan atau obat-obatan tradisional. Beberapa kasus di antaranya adalah pembajakan keanekaragaman hayati dari pengetahun obat-obatan tradisional Indonesia, yakni dipatenkannya tanaman brotowali oleh perusahaan Jepang. Di sisi lain, peraturan perundang-undangan bidang HKI minim memberikan kewenangan secara langsung kepada pemerintah daerah berkaitan dengan perlindungan HKI. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian yang bersifat normatif dengan pendektan peraturan perundang-undangan ini mengkaji politik hukum tentang kewenangan pemerintah daerah dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang hak kekayaan intelektual. Hasilnya, dari seluruh peraturan perundang-undangan bidan HKI, kewenangan pemerintah daerah secara eksplisit hanya diatur dalam Undang-Undang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Selebihnya penyebutannya bersifat umum, misalnya penggunaan istilah “negara” dalam Undang-Undang Hak Cipta sebagai pemegang ekspresi budaya tradisional dan hak cipta atas ciptaan yang penciptanya tidak diketahui. Padahal, dalam konteks negara hukum, wewenang pemerintahan berasal dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, sejalan dengan asas legalitas yang merupakan dasar dalam setiap penyelenggaraa kenegaraan dan pemerintahan.

Correction to: The Need for Recovering the Subjugated Knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Correction to: The Need for Recovering the Subjugated Knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine

COVID-19, prevention and treatment with herbal medicine in the herbal markets of Salé Prefecture, North-Western Morocco

IntroductionCoronaviruses are important animal and human pathogens. Towards the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus identified in Wuhan, China, presented as a cluster of symptoms of pneumonia. Its quick spread resulted in a global pandemic. This research documents detailed ethnopharmacological information on the medicinal plant species used by herbalists against coronavirus disease. MethodsThe study was conducted in Salé Prefecture, from March 1st, 2020 to May 31st, 2020. Semi-structured face to face interviews were held with 30 herbalists and collected; socio-demographic characteristics, the names of local species, and traditional remedies being used. The data were analyzed through the use reports (UR) and medicinal use value (MUV). ResultsIn total, 20 plant species from 20 genera and 14 families had been most frequently used by herbalists from Salé Prefecture for the prevention and treatment of COVID 19. The most mentioned plant was Eucalyptus globulus Labill., followed by Azadirachta indica A. Juss,. and Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. Moreover, the most commonly used plant parts for herbal preparations were leaves (28.43%) and seeds (17.5%), and the majority of remedies were prepared through infusion. ConclusionsThe present study is the first contribution to the ethnopharmacological profile of this Prefecture. It is recommended that the constituents of indigenous species be studied to determine the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action. However, attention must be paid to the conservation of medicinal species, comprehensively documenting traditional medicinal knowledge as well as conducting phytochemical validation of reported plants.

RETRACTED: Medical intelligent processor system and traditional Chinese medicine to treat endometriosis

It is viewed as human sickness; an ongoing report shows that it very well might be a significant reason for metastatic malignant growth and barrenness. It additionally has been related to different illnesses identified with the capacity of the invulnerable framework. Hereditary and ecological variables are known to impact the turn of events and side effects of endometriosis. Danger elements of endometriosis in a ladies are a synopsis of the most recent exploration of analysis and treatment. As an effective and novel knowledge management technology, the Knowledge Graph provides a new way to inherit the traditional Chinese medicine development. However, the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) knowledge graph is based on the current configuration data. An inserted Web worker is a blend of installed gadgets and Internet innovation. Focus on the advancement of clinical MSP430 and Acorn RISC Machine (ARM) 11 (Raspberry Pi) inside organization workers. For instance, blood oxygen, pulse, an information obtaining arrangement of the patient endometriosis, circulatory strain plan Utilized as a simple front end and the arm as Linux OS and a leading computerized group of the base station of the organization completely utilitarian In a restricted space worker, the fundamental thought, as specialists realize the medical issue of the patient, to realize the ailment of the patient, is the shading Occasionally, he is likewise a spot that doesn't arrive at the patient, as expected. Traditional Chinese Medication (TCM) is created, including different types of traditional Chinese medication. Needle therapy, just as development, depends on the idea of a typical act of the year and the customary drug stocks in a wide reach sustenance therapy. It, for the most part, is utilized as a reciprocal and elective clinical medicine. Since it is based is consumed into the philosophical hypothesis. Impact of Chinese philosophical works by the greater part of five components and a similar likeness hypothesis microcosm of the universe is grounded.

Promising phytochemicals of traditional Indian herbal steam inhalation therapy to combat COVID-19 – An in silico study

BackgroundCOVID-19, the presently prevailing global public health emergency has culminated in international instability in economy. This unprecedented pandemic outbreak pressingly necessitated the trans-disciplinary approach in developing novel/new anti-COVID-19 drugs especially, small molecule inhibitors targeting the seminal proteins of viral etiological agent, SARS-CoV-2. MethodsBased on the traditional medicinal knowledge, we made an attempt through molecular docking analysis to explore the phytochemical constituents of three most commonly used Indian herbs in ‘steam inhalation therapy’ against well recognized viral receptor proteins. ResultsA total of 57 phytochemicals were scrutinized virtually against four structural protein targets of SARS-CoV-2 viz. 3CLpro, ACE-2, spike glycoprotein and RdRp. Providentially, two bioactives from each of the three plants i.e. apigenin-o-7-glucuronide and ellagic acid from Eucalyptus globulus; eudesmol and viridiflorene from Vitex negundo and; vasicolinone and anisotine from Justicia adhatoda were identified to be the best hit lead molecules based on interaction energies, conventional hydrogen bonding numbers and other non-covalent interactions. On comparison with the known SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitor –lopinavir and RdRp inhibitor –remdesivir, apigenin-o-7-glucuronide was found to be a phenomenal inhibitor of both protease and polymerase, as it strongly interacts with their active sites and exhibited remarkably high binding affinity. Furthermore, in silico drug-likeness and ADMET prediction analyses clearly evidenced the usability of the identified bioactives to develop as drug against COVID-19. ConclusionOverall, the data of the present study exemplifies that the phytochemicals from selected traditional herbs having significance in steam inhalation therapy would be promising in combating COVID-19.

Traditional Medicinal Knowledge System and Intellectual Property Rights: Scientific Validation of Tri-doshas in Ayurveda

The role played by Traditional Medicinal Knowledge (TMK) such as, Ayurveda in personalized and preventive healthcare has its foundations in the Humoral Doctrine of Tri-dosha: Vata, Pitha and Kapha. This encompasses the manifestation of Panchamahabhutas within the human body thereby exhibiting unique bodily characteristics. Advanced pharmacogenomics has scientifically been correlated to the traditionally known genetic attributes of Tri-dosha and human body – Prakriti. Simultaneously the advancement of ethnopharmacology has enabled the extraction of plant-derived chemical compounds and bioactive constituents in drug discovery leading to commercial manufacturing of modern medicine that are a part of global market economy and founded on the western ideals of IPR and monopolistic trade tendencies. This has led to the bypassing of Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) resulting in rampant misappropriation and bioprospecting of TMK through obtaining of IP rights without prior approval. This has challenged the very subsistence and survival of indigenous and local communities thereby raising a strong necessity for a cooperative model of TMK sharing over the prevailing knowledge commercialization, private rights and monopolistic-capitalistic approaches. The objectives of the research paper is to discuss and understand the scientific validation of Tri-doshas, to critically analyze the protection of TMK through IPR, local customary laws & traditions and current national and international policy perspectives. Further, the research explores historical roots of modern western medicine to TMK and also analyses several cases where objections have successfully been raised by TKDL at the global patent offices against the grant of patent to prior art dealing with TMK of India. A detailed case study of the success story of the ‗Kani Model‘ of Access and Benefit Sharing has been made to emphasis on cooperative knowledge sharing.

Herbal medicines for women and children's health in Tipang Village, District Humbang Hasundutan, North Sumatera

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the use of medicinal plants for the health of mothers and children and to describe the local knowledge in traditional medicine to cure diseases that are often experienced by mothers and children in Tipang village, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra Province. MethodThis study used a qualitative method with an interactive model. The scientific approach used in this research is local wisdom. ResultThe local knowledge of the Tipang community is based on local wisdom on the use of herbs in traditional medicine. Besides the local knowledge about the types of medicinal plants, they also know how to apply it to therapy, especially massage therapy. Specifically, they use this traditional medicine for the health of mothers and children, including the use of bangun-bangun leaves to increase milk production, pultak-pultak (Physalis angulata), Bulung ni untejau (guava leaves), hunik (Curcuma domestica), botik (Carica papaya), harambir (Cocos nucifera) used to treat colic, ginger are used to reduce fever in children, paet-paet leaves are used to heal wounds, and halas (Alpinia galanga), and Napuran (Betel leaf) are used to treat the itching. ConclusionTraditional medicine is part of the cultural system of the people of Tipang Village which has enormous potential benefits in building public health, particularly maternal and child health.

Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of “Ailments of Utmost Native Importance” in Cross River State, Nigeria

Regardless of the high value of medicinal plants to residents of Cross River State in health maintenance especially for the treatment of “ailments of utmost native importance”, the major constraint is the uncertainty of the availability of the herbs and knowledge of traditional medicine still being passed by word of mouth. For better reliance on the plant species as medicine, this research seeks to identify and infer on the population and distribution of the species used in their treatment and documents them. Data were collected using field work and oral interviews. The survey team comprised of Taxonomists, survey assistants, five trado-medical herbal practitioners and the Authors. The status and geographical distribution of the identified medicinal plant species was appalling, 59 percent of the medicinal plant species were distributed in 3 out of 15 sampled plots. Causal factors included over misuse of therapeutic plant species, habitats destruction and absence of proper conservation education of the masses. Recommendations are that Communities should set up therapeutic plants farms, enrichment planting be made in agricultural fields and sustainable harvesting methods used.

Gebelerin, Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Uygulamalarını Bilme ve Gastrointestinal Sistem Semptomlarında Kullanma Durumları

Gebelerin, Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Uygulamalarını Bilme ve Gastrointestinal Sistem Semptomlarında Kullanma Durumları

Medicinal Plants and Their Traditional Uses in Ramkot Village, Kathmandu Nepal

This study aimed to document the traditional medicinal knowledge of local people of Ramkot village about plants to cure various diseases. Primary data were collected from old aged people of village by using semi structured interview of Key informants. A total of 51 medicinal plants belonging to 38families and 51 genera were documented to treat different diseases and injuries. The highest (29) number of medicinal plants were herbs and lowest (2) were climbers. Majority of them were used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. The study area was found to be rich in plant resources and the old aged people have ample knowledge on the use of medicinal plants. But young generation is not interested about herbal medicine due to easy access of hospitals and modern medical facilities. Due to lack of proper documentation, conservation and cultivation practices, many useful plant species are at risk of extinction in this village.

An Overview of the Various Uses of Ephedra distachyaL. from the Past to the Present

Background: Nowadays, many people believe in traditional medicines and use them for different diseases. Knowledge of medicinal plants and traditional medicine has been practiced for centuries through trial and error, and many important treatments for the disease have been passed down from one generation to the next. Ephedra is a valuable plant and has been used to treat diseases since ancient times. Accordingly, this study aims to comprehensively introduce Ephedra distachya L. in traditional medicine. Methods: In this review study, databases such as Google Scholar, SID, Scopus, and books on medicinal plants in Persian and English languages were searched to collect data. The keywords included "ephedra", "traditional medicine", "goat’s beard", and "medicinal plants". Results: Many resources highlighted the importance of using ephedra due to its useful properties. Experimental studies in traditional medicine show the effect of this plant in the prevention of diseases, such as asthma and bronchitis. Conclusion: Considering the beneficial effects of ephedra and scientific evidence about its effects, further studies are needed to better understand the use of this plant in traditional medicine.

Medicinal Plants with Potent Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Properties found in Eastern Parts of the Himalaya: An Ethnomedicinal Review

Since ancient times, medicinal plants performing a very essential role as a source of medicine and their medicinal properties have been well documented in the various traditional systems of medicine including Indian, Chinese and Korean medicines for the management of chronic inflammatory disorders. Arthritis is one of the harmful chronic inflammatory diseases and its pain vastly affects millions of people throughout the world. The inflammatory process of arthritis can stride very promptly causing swelling and destroying bone or cartilage cross the joints by various inflammatory mediators. Presently most commonly prescribed medication for the management of inflammation or arthritic pain is the NSAIDs, DMARDs and corticosteroids. Their prolonged use may cause a high spectrum of toxic effects. Hence, there is a demanding need to develop alternative therapeutic agents with minimum toxic effects. The Eastern Himalayan region is richly furnished with multifarious medicinal plants with potent anti-inflammatory and/ or anti-arthritic properties that have been traditionally used by the local people. Few studies have been convened in Himalayan medicinal plants to validate their medicinal values. Thus, from the knowledge of traditional medicine and research on plant materials, one might be able to discover newer and cost-effective drugs for treating diverse forms of inflammation. This review highlights the medicinal plants from the Eastern Himalayan region which showed promising therapeutic activity against inflammatory diseases as well as novel formulation approaches of these medicinal plants.

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGOBATAN TRADISIONAL BERDASARKAN PROFESI DI KABUPATEN PURWAKARTA

Background: Necessity to get treatment through conventional pathways or traditional treatments is a fundamental attempts that need to be attempted and still continue to be carried out by studies related to treatment relationships based on the type of profession. Objectives: Seeing Purwakarta District Perception of Traditional Medicine Based on Health Profession and Non-Health Profession. Methods: This qualitative associative explanatory study is connected with a statement from the questionnaire given and searches for correlations between factors that influence the behavior of treatment searches in 137 respondents through questionnaire instruments with a Likert scale. Result: Data was obtained that Purwakarta Regency respondents represented by urban community groups, the urban community and rural communities studied from a statement of questionnaires have known the existence of traditional medicines, but non-health public perceptions related to the interests and knowledge of traditional medicine (68.8%); Potential development (69.2%); Trust in the efficacy (61.5%) and trust in the quality (standardization) of traditional medicine (75.0%) shows a percentage value agree greater than the health profession with strong scale.

“There are No Trees Here”: Understanding Perceived Intergenerational Erosion of Traditional Medicinal Knowledge among Kenyan Purko Maasai in Narok District

Evidence in the literature suggests that traditional medicinal knowledge (TMK) among Indigenous populations is declining. This study focused on understanding influences underlying the perception of intergenerational erosion of TMK among Kenyan Purko Maasai. Methods included a combination of participant observation and in-depth interviews among 30 participants. Using a political ecology framework, results indicate a number of sociocultural factors contributing to local perceptions of decline in TMK among younger generations. Shifts in land tenure and changes in locality, for example, impact transmission of knowledge. While younger generations described a strong desire to learn TMK, they were at a loss as to how to gain the knowledge. Our findings suggest that limited in-situ learning opportunities within the local environment is a leading factor resulting in perceptions of intergenerational erosion of knowledge. We conclude that, to ensure the transmission of this valuable cultural resource, a shift is needed in educational strategies, both at the school and community level.

The Need for Recovering the Subjugated Knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

This short article will explore the question of COVID-19 vaccine as a global public good, and examine the potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine in offering alternative therapy for the most vulnerable populations in the Global South.

Evaluation of traditional ayurvedic Kadha for prevention and management of the novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) using in silico approach

Since the emergence of novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Wuhan, China in December 2019, it has now spread to over 205 countries. The ever-growing list of globally spread corona virus-19 disease (COVID-19) patients has demonstrated the high transmission rate among the human population. Currently, there are no FDA approved drugs or vaccines to prevent and treat the infection of the SARS-CoV-2. Considering the current state of affairs, there is an urgent unmet medical need to identify novel and effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 by re-evaluating the knowledge of traditional medicines and repurposing of drugs. Here, we used molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach to explore the beneficial roles of phytochemicals and active pharmacological agents present in the Indian herbs which are widely used in the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines in the form of Kadha to control various respiratory disorders such as cough, cold and flu. Our study has identified an array of phytochemicals present in these herbs which have significant docking scores and potential to inhibit different stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as other Coronavirus target proteins. The phytochemicals present in these herbs possess significant anti-inflammatory property. Apart from this, based on their pharmaceutical characteristics, we have also performed in-silico drug-likeness and predicted pharmacokinetics of the selected phytochemicals found in the Kadha. Overall our study provides scientific justification in terms of binding of active ingredients present in different plants used in Kadha preparation with viral proteins and target proteins for prevention and treatment of the COVID-19. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

An ethnobotanical analysis on flora-medicine continuum among the tribal inhabitants of Ratnagiri and Palghar district, Maharashtra, India

Background: Considering the applicability of wild plants in the pharmaceutical industries, two tribal predominant areas of Maharashtra- Sangameshwar Taluka (Ratnagiri district) and Saphale village (Palghar district) - were chosen to document the local traditional knowledge about medicinal plants. Methods: The ethnomedicinal data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey and extensive personal dialogues adopting the chain sampling referral method with native villagers and Hakims (Traditional healers). The field-based investigations were carried out from September 2017 to April 2018 under the regulatory directives of K.J. Somaiya College of Science and Commerce (Autonomous- affiliated to University of Mumbai). Results: A total of 51 Traditional Medicinal Plants (TMPs) were documented from the responses of 92 inhabitants in the study areas. The investigators taxonomically categorized these plants into their botanical families, yielding the results- 22 dicot families, 7 monocot families, 2 magnoliids, and 1 pteridophytic family- for the present study. Results revealed that leaves were the most frequently used medicinal part of the documented species and decoction was the most commonly prepared medicinal formulation. Conclusion: Of the 51 TMPs, six medicinal plants- Adhatoda vasica, Aloe vera, Ampelocissus latifolia, Glossocardia bosvallia, Ricinus communis, and Woodfordia fruticosa - were found to be common in both the study regions. We believed that social factors tend to influence the traditional medicinal knowledge since the same plants were known by different names for treating two unlike ailments. Highest use reports were observed for Terminalia paniculata in Sangameshwar Taluka (Ratnagiri district) and Ampelocissus latifolia in Saphale village (Palghar district). The study realised the fact that both the areas were rich in floral vegetation with interminable floral diversity but remained botanically virgin and unexplored neither for medicinal nor for scientific endeavors. Keywords: Ethnobotany, Traditional medicinal plants (TMPs), Tribal, Hakims, Maharashtra

Edukasi Masyarakat Cermat terhadap Iklan dan Promosi Obat Tradisional di Desa Penyengat Olak Kabupaten Muara Jambi

Advances in technology and the increasing desire of the community to use traditional medicines, traditional medicines are no longer used as ingredients for family consumption, but have become merchandise. Advertising is a way for corporate producers to promote their products, especially traditional medicines. The POM RI released 76% of advertisements for traditional medicines that did not comply with The Regulation. In order to protect the public against the possibility of distributing drugs and traditional medicines that do not meet the requirements due to false advertising and information, it is necessary to educate the public to increase public knowledge and understanding of traditional medicines and medicines. Penyengat Olak village, Muara Jambi district is one of the partners of the Ministry of Health's Jambi Poltekes whose community has never been educated on traditional medicinal advertisements. The implementation method used is survey, observation, interview, discussion, question and answer, and evaluation. This community service activity was attended by 20 people. The result of this activity is an increase in public knowledge and understanding of the correct traditional medicinal advertisements so that people can be more careful and careful in choosing traditional medicinal products, and do not easily believe in incorrect advertisements, and the use of family medicinal plants in the environment around the house. , all participants attended health education from start to finish and most of them actively participated during the activity. It is recommended that the community is always communicative with local health workers to understand the treatment being carried out, and to increase the role of health workers in collaboration with district health offices to provide information, especially related to traditional medicinal advertisements