Traditional Leaders Research Articles

Strategi Utama Desa Adat Kutuh Kabupaten Badung untuk Meningkatkan Pariwisata sebagai Andalan Ekonomi

Kutuh Traditional Village is one of the villages in Badung Regency, Bali province. Kutuh Traditional Village has succeeded in changing its economic status from a poor village to a successful tourist village through various strategies. By utilizing village funds effectively, Kutuh Village developed nine tourism business units and three supporting service units, such as Village Credit Institutions and tourist attractions. Collaboration between traditional leaders and local governments also plays an important role in managing tourism, which now attracts around 3,000 tourists per day and generates annual revenues of up to 50 billion. This success is what makes Kutuh Traditional Village an example of other villages in Indonesia. This study employs qualitative research methods, gathering data through field lecture materials delivered directly by presenters serving as informants. For other supporting data, use journals, articles, books and others that are relevant to this research. This research shows that the Kutuh Traditional Village has implemented various strategies to increase tourism as an economic mainstay by utilizing village funds and has succeeded in developing nine tourism business units, including the Village Credit Institution (LPD).

Leadership, Gender, and School Culture: Navigating Power and Resistance in Education

This paper investigates the ongoing gender inequalities within education systems, influenced by globalization and entrenched power dynamics that often limit gender inclusivity. Global initiatives aimed at gender equality frequently adopt a universalist approach, yet this can mask intersectional disparities and reinforce hegemonic masculinity, especially through the spread of Western masculine ideals. Within educational institutions, heteronormative and cisnormative school cultures frequently marginalize non-heterosexual identities, creating challenging environments for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) students. Although anti-discrimination policies exist, many teachers lack adequate training to address gender and sexuality issues, leading to adverse academic and social outcomes for marginalized students. The study reveals that traditional educational leadership often reinforces conventional gender norms, while transformational leadership grounded in social justice is essential to fostering inclusivity and addressing intersecting inequalities. The findings underscore the need for structural reforms to establish supportive and equitable school settings that acknowledge and celebrate diverse gender identities

Respect and politeness as ingredients of indigenous address terms: a phenomenological study of Tshivenḓa speakers from Mavhulani, Limpopo, South Africa

ABSTRACT This article assesses the importance of respect and politeness, as ingredients of indigenous address terms, in preserving Tshivenḓa as a language, culture, and tradition in Mavhulani. Tshivenḓa address terms are integral to both verbal and non-verbal communication, serving as key indicators of societal norms and practices. Failure to communicate appropriately when using these Tshivenḓa address terms may result in the loss of respect and dignity, misunderstandings, language shift, and ultimately, language death, which needs to be avoided. Most importantly, failure to respect a traditional leader in African societies, including among the Vhavenḓa, may result in one being punished and disadvantaged economically. In attempting to explore this phenomenon, this article adopts a qualitative approach to collect data. Accordingly, a case study research design was adopted. The theoretical framework used to underpin this article is the Afrocentricity theory. The study’s findings indicate that participants in Mavhulani perceive Tshivenḓa address terms as significant for maintaining respectful and dignified interactions. The preservation of these address terms is deemed essential for upholding interpersonal respect and dignity among interlocutors. It is recommended that these address terms be included in the school syllabus to make the young generation aware of them.

Strategi Mauruts Tirkah Berdasarkan Hukum Adat di Provinsi Jambi

This research discusses the strategy of distributing inheritance (tirkah) based on customary law in Jambi Province, which combines Malay traditional values with the principles of Islamic law. In Jambi Malay society, the division of inheritance is based on the philosophy of “Adat Bersendi Syara‘, Syara’ Bersendi Kitabullah”, which is the main guide to maintaining justice and social harmony. The process of division is usually carried out through deliberation involving family members, traditional leaders and ulama to reach consensus, while ensuring that individual rights are respected in accordance with customary law and Islamic teachings. This research identifies two main approaches to inheritance distribution: the collective system and the individual system. The collective system is applied to certain types of assets such as land and houses that are inherited jointly, while the individual system is applied to movable assets such as jewellery and vehicles. In this process, the Jambi Malay Customary Institution plays a key role as an arbiter to resolve inheritance conflicts while preserving traditional values. The results show that the division of inheritance in Jambi faces challenges, such as the influence of modernization and potential conflicts with formal law. Therefore, several strategies are proposed, including strengthening the role of customary institutions, organizing customary education, involving religious leaders, as well as facilitating deliberation to ensure this tradition remains sustainable.

Pattern of Settlement of Land Ownership Disputes in Southwest Sumba Regency

Indonesia's constitution guarantees land ownership, yet disputes over land ownership remain widespread, particularly in regions like Southwest Sumba Regency, where competing claims to private property are frequent. This study addresses two key questions: 1) What are the root causes of land ownership disputes in Southwest Sumba Regency, and 2) What are the resolution patterns for these disputes? Employing normative research methods, this study aims to analyze both the causes and the resolution patterns of land ownership disputes in the region. Key causes include prolonged borrowing of cultivation packages, unclear land status without proper certification, land sales without family consent, boundary shifts without traditional leader involvement, and inequitable inheritance distribution. Resolution patterns in Southwest Sumba emphasize a family-centered approach, the active role of traditional leaders, and mediation facilitated by the Customary Peace Institute (LPA). Highlighting the urgency of addressing these disputes, this research suggests that raising public awareness about land ownership legality and bolstering governmental support for the LPA can enhance conflict resolution mechanisms. Moreover, the findings offer a model for other regions dealing with similar disputes and underline their relevance for policymaking to ensure equitable and sustainable land governance.

Actualization of Pancasila Philosophy in the Context of Family Social Resilience in Jalawastu Traditional Village, Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia

The development of the modernization era significantly influences changes in social behavior among individuals. Families, as the smallest social structures within society, are not immune to these changes and must adapt by understanding the values associated with family social resilience. This article aims to analyze family social resilience within the Jalawastu traditional village, located in Brebes Regency, Central Java Province, through the lens of Pancasila philosophical values. The study employs a qualitative methodology utilizing a grounded theory model to examine family life in the Jalawastu traditional village. Primary data were collected through interviews with customary administrators, traditional leaders, and members of the local community. Additionally, several scholarly articles and other studies served as secondary data sources. In analyzing the value of Pancasila philosophy in relation to the collected data, this study draws upon Soekarno's writings and other pertinent literature. The findings indicate that the social resilience of families in the Jalawastu traditional village is commendable. Each family member prioritizes familial values by respecting one another, maintaining communication, and fulfilling the respective functions and responsibilities of each member. Furthermore, they consistently uphold spiritual values within the family to mitigate conflict. In addition, they foster a sense of brotherhood among other families, which contributes to the robust social resilience of their own family unit. This framework demonstrates that families in the Jalawastu traditional village profoundly embody the cultural and religious values of the Pancasila philosophy. Consequently, this condition may serve as an ideal model for family social resilience in contemporary society.

Influence of Shared Leadership on Student Leaders’ Effectiveness in Public Universities in Kenya

Leadership style is one of the determinants of effective leadership. However, the majority of student leaders lean on traditional leadership which is ineffective, and this has made most of them not to be re-elected for another term. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of shared leadership on student leaders’ effectiveness in public universities in Kenya. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the leadership styles used by student leaders; determine the level of student leaders’ awareness of shared leadership and examine the extent of student leaders’ application of shared leadership style. A descriptive research design was adopted. The target population consisted of public universities in Kenya. Simple random sampling was used to select a sample of 10 public universities using 30% of the total population. A sample of 70 student governing councils who were the respondents from 10 public universities was used. Data was collected using a questionnaire and descriptive statistics was used to analyse data. Data was presented using percentages and frequency tables. The result revealed that 67.1% of student leaders were not aware of shared leadership while 32.9% were aware. On the extent of application of shared leadership, 78.5% did not apply shared leadership while 21.5% applied. The study concluded that shared leadership was not commonly used by student leaders in public universities. The study recommended training for student leaders on shared leadership to enhance its application when they were discharging their duties.

Prevalence and factors associated with female genital mutilation/cutting among Tanzanian women who gave birth in the five years prior to the survey: A population-based study.

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) poses a significant public health challenge in developing countries, leading to increased risks of adverse obstetric outcomes such as caesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, episiotomy, difficult labor, obstetric tears/lacerations, instrumental delivery, prolonged labor, and extended maternal hospital stays. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with FGM/C among Tanzanian women who had given birth within five years preceding the Survey. This study utilized an analytical cross-sectional design based on data from the 2015-2016 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicators Survey (TDHS-MIS). A total of 5,777 women who had given birth within the five years preceding the survey and who provided responses to questions regarding female circumcision were included in the analysis. Descriptive analysis was employed to examine the prevalence of FGM/C among women in Tanzania. Additionally, multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with FGM/C within this population. The prevalence of FGM/C was 12.1% at 95%CI of 11.3% to 13%. Factors associated with FGM/C were marital status [married (AOR = 3.141 at 95%CI = 1.757-5.616,p<0.001), living with male partners (AOR = 2.001 at 95%CI = 1.082-3.699, p = 0.027), widowed (AOR = 2.922 at 95%CI = 1.201-7.111, p = 0.03)] never in union a reference population; wealth index [poorest (AOR = 2.329 at 95% CI = 1.442-3.763, p = 0.001), middle (AOR = 1.722 at 95% CI = 1.075-2.758, p = 0.024), richer (AOR = 1.831 at 95%CI = 1.205-2.781, p = 0.005)] in reference to richest women; zones [Northern zone, (AOR = 91.787 at 95%CI = 28.41-296.546, p<0.001), central zone, (AOR = 215.07 at 95%CI = 67.093-689.423,p<0.001), southern highlands, (AOR = 12.005 at 95% CI = 3.49-41.298, p<0.001), lake zone (AOR = 13.927 at 95%CI = 4.338-44.714,p<0.001), eastern zone, (AOR = 24.167 at 95% CI = 7.299-80.017, p<0.001)]; place of childbirth [outside health facility (AOR = 1.616 at 95%CI = 1.287-2.03, p<0.001)] in reference to health facility childbirth; parity [para 5+ (AOR = 2.204 at 95% CI = 1.477-3.288,p<0.001)] para one a reference population; and opinion on whether FGM/C stopped or continued [continued (AOR = 8.884 at 95% CI = 5.636-14.003, p<0.001). This study underscores the persistent issue of FGM/C in Tanzania, particularly among married women, those from lower-income households, and those living in regions with high prevalence. Women giving birth outside health facilities and those with multiple children are at higher risk. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions addressing socio-cultural factors, alongside providing legal, healthcare, and psychological support to those affected. Educational campaigns and community engagement, especially with traditional and religious leaders, are crucial for challenging cultural beliefs and reducing FGM/C's prevalence.

Institutionalizing maqāsid ḥifz al-naṣl within the Minangkabau inheritance framework

This research explores the utilization of inherited assets by the Minangkabau community in Indonesia, moving from individual and consumptive practices to collective and productive maṣlaḥah. Data were collected through interviews with ninik mamak (traditional leader), heirs, and ulama (religious scholar). The analysis involved managing the data, reading and recording, describing, categorizing, interpreting, and visualizing the information. The findings were examined using the maqāsid framework. This research highlights the shift in how inherited assets are being utilized, from individual consumption to collective productivity within the clan. A further finding reveals that this transformation is particularly evident in the use of houses and land. Rumah gadang (traditional houses of Minangkabau), formerly served as a venue for customary activities, has been repurposed into a homestay and cafe. Meanwhile, the lands have been converted for organic farming and irrigation, benefiting a greater community. The research concludes that the shift in the Minangkabau community's approach to managing and utilizing heritage assets—from personal and consumptive to collective and productive—demonstrates that these cultural assets can be used for the welfare of the extended family and the common good. The integration of the maqāsid framework in this research not only helps in fostering collective maṣlaḥah for Minangkabau inheritance but also sets the foundation for broadening the scope of maqāsid analysis. Traditionally focused on individuals, particularly in preserving and enhancing human resources, this framework is extended in this research to the development and advancement of institutions, introducing the concept of "institutional Maqāsid”.

Optimizing Village Tourism Businesses with the Business Model Canvas: A Strategic Approach

Purpose:Local wisdom-based tourism has become a prominent trend as it provides authentic experiences for tourists while supporting environmental and cultural sustainability. This study aims to optimize the management of Munggu Tourism Village, Bali, by implementing the Business Model Canvas (BMC). Munggu Tourism Village holds rich tourism potential, including the Mekotek tradition, natural landscapes, traditional cuisine, and arts.Methodology:The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing observation, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) involving key stakeholders, such as village officials, traditional leaders, and local entrepreneurs. The findings reveal that the application of BMC facilitates mapping the nine essential elements of a business model, such as customer segments, value propositions, and distribution channels.Findings:This study offers practical contributions to the development of local wisdom-based tourism and serves as a strategic guide for creating leading tourism destinations. The theoretical implications include flexibility in long-term business planning and the ease of updating business models to adapt to market dynamics. Future research is recommended to apply BMC to tourism villages operating for over a year to evaluate its long-term impact.Implication: This study confirms that the Business Model Canvas BMC is a strategic tool that effectively supports the sustainable development of tourism villages based on local wisdom. The findings provide practical guidance for tourism village managers and government authorities in designing effective business strategies, empowering local communities, and maintaining the attractions of the destination,

The Existence of Tu’a Golo in the Distribution of Customary Land in Golo Mori Village, Komodo District, West Manggarai Regency

Objectives: This study aims to explore the existence of Tanah Ulayat (customary land) in Golo Mori Village and to examine the role of Tu'a Golo (traditional leader) in the distribution of Tanah Ulayat in Golo Mori Village, Komodo Subdistrict, West Manggarai Regency. Theoretical Framework: The concept of hak ulayat (communal land rights) in customary law incorporates communalistic, religious-magical values, allowing for individual land ownership and personal rights. However, hak ulayat is not an individual right; it is inherently communal. Method: This study employs an empirical legal research approach, utilizing primary data collected through interviews. Results and Discussion: The existence of Tu’a Golo in the distribution of Tanah Ulayat (customary land) in Golo Mori Village, known as tanah linko, reflects a system where the land is cultivated by groups within the Indigenous community based on mutual agreements. This customary land management supports their livelihoods and is divided into five customary territories (kampung), each led by a Tu’a Golo (traditional leader). Research Implications: The existence of Tanah Ulayat (lingko) in Golo Mori Village faces challenges from the economic transformation in West Manggarai Regency, which has positioned Labuan Bajo as a super-premium tourist destination. This shift impacts the Indigenous community, particularly their customary rights. Originality/Value: This study is highly relevant in understanding the existence of Tu’a Golo in the distribution of Tanah Ulayat in Golo Mori Village. The findings are expected to contribute valuable insights for stakeholders, including the community and the government, particularly concerning the existence and distribution of communal land by Tu’a Golo in Golo Mori Village.

Examination of Gender Mainstreaming Policies in Mbhashe and Port St John's Local Municipalities, OR Tambo District, Eastern Cape, South Africa

This study utilised a qualitative research approach to comprehensively assess gender mainstreaming policies in Mbhashe and Port St John's local municipalities within the O.R. Tambo District of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. Through focus group discussions with government officials, community leaders, and civil society representatives, diverse perspectives on gender issues and policy challenges were explored. Document analysis of relevant reports and policy documents provided additional context. Thematic analysis of the data identified recurring themes and related to gender mainstreaming policies, ensuring a clear understanding of their effectiveness and implementation gaps. The findings revealed Mbhashe's proactive measures to empower women in leadership roles contrasted with Port St John’s concerns about biases and unintended consequences in policy execution, highlighting the complexity of achieving comprehensive gender equality. Recommendations include enhancing educational programmes, awareness campaigns, fostering community involvement, and leveraging partnerships with religious, traditional and community leaders to promote inclusive practices and address structural inequalities, thus advancing sustainable gender equality and social justice agendas.

INTERNALISASI NILAI PENDIDKAN ISLAM MELALUI TRADISI MALAM ELA-ELA DALAM PENGUATAN PEMAHAMAN KEAGAMAAN MASYARAAKT KAMPUNG WAIGAMA DISTRIK MISOOL UTARA

The objectives of this study are: (1) To analyze the process of the Ela-Ela night tradition in strengthening the religious understanding of the Waigama Village community. (2) To analyze the internalization of Islamic educational values through the Ela-Ela night tradition in strengthening the religious understanding of the Waigama Village community. (3) To analyze the impact of the internalization of Islamic educational values through this tradition. This study is a qualitative field research using a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research was carried out over four months involving syara' judges, religious leaders, traditional leaders, community leaders, educational figures, female figures, and the residents of Waigama Village as informants. The study found that the Ela-Ela night tradition in Waigama Village consists of three stages: (1) preparation, implementation, and closing. (2) The educational values and Islamic religious understanding within this tradition include (a) aqidah values, (b) shariah, and (c) akhlak. (3) The impact of the internalization of educational values through this tradition includes cultivating the community's habit of reciting the Qur'an, performing dhikr and prayers, as well as strengthening social bonds and cooperation.

Leading During A Public Health Crisis

Leading teams during the COVID-19 pandemic had unique challenges often requiring timely decisions based on emerging new information to then rapidly implement changes. The usual scaffolding for system changes lagged behind the implementation. The command and control of crisis management blended with traditional health leadership styles as the emergency response became protracted and building sustainable teams became a focus of the response. This paper presents the results of a survey of the leadership cohort at the Centre for National Resilience, a large quarantine facility in northern Australia, that managed over 30,000 people requiring quarantine and isolation. Methods: A grounded explorative theory approach was implemented, with descriptive data analysis and thematic analysis of an online Leadership survey in conjunction with site data and information specific to the leadership structure. Results: The core challenges for leaders were identified as establishing a workforce combining health and non-health resident care roles, rapid changes in legislation, communication, site logistics, and resident management and support. Conclusion: The survey highlights lessons for sustaining high-performing leadership in future protracted health emergencies such as the importance of peer support, attention to work-life balance, sharing positive work outcomes, early, clear communication and collaboration, and the need for flexibility and adaptability.

Leadership for the Future: Enhancing Principal Preparation Through Standards and Innovation

This manuscript presents a comprehensive analysis of NC State University’s redesigned principal preparation program, emphasizing its alignment with state and national leadership standards, innovative curriculum, and commitment to practical application. The program’s redesign addresses long-standing criticisms of traditional university-based leadership preparation, such as the disconnect between theory and practice, by incorporating data-driven instructional leadership, equity-focused training, and collaborative community engagement. Additionally, this article explores the role of specialized internships, full-time residencies, and the integration of technology in training future principals. The program’s success is demonstrated by improved principal placement, school outcomes, and teacher retention—particularly in high-need schools. Finally, the manuscript discusses the future of leadership preparation, highlighting the potential of artificial intelligence to further enhance decision-making, personalized professional development, and administrative efficiency, while addressing ethical considerations such as data privacy and equity.

Indigenous ecological knowledge (IEK) of the Osing tribe in Kemiren village as a teaching material

The lack of integration of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge (IEK) into formal education hinders the preservation and transmission of valuable environmental and cultural practices. The purpose of this study was to develop biology teaching materials that incorporate the Indigenous Ecological Knowledge of the Osing tribe, especially for high school students in Kemiren village, Bayuwangi regency. This study used a Research and Development (R&amp;D) approach combined with descriptive research methods. Data were collected from five traditional leaders in Kemiren village, Banyuwangi regency; who maintain sacred traditions such as the Buyut Cili site and the Rebo Wekasan ritual, who were selected as key informants. Data collection instruments included structured interview guides, observation checklists, and documentation tools such as photos and video recordings to capture cultural practices. The results of the study indicate that the concept of the IEK of the Osing tribe can be used in the development of teaching materials in the form of Student Worksheets (LKPD). So that it can be used as an alternative learning resource for high school students in Kemiren Village to better understand their culture and local wisdom.

Interprofessional collaboration in primary care for patients with chronic illness: a scoping review mapping leadership and followership

BackgroundEffective interprofessional collaboration (IPC) in primary care is essential in providing high-quality care for patients with chronic illness. However, the traditional role-based leadership approach may hinder IPC. Instead, physicians should...

Konflik Antar Etnik-Agama Dan Pembangunan Perdamaian Di Lombok: Sebuah Eksplorasi Everyday Peace Di Lombok Utara

This article explores the concept of "Everyday Peace" in North Lombok, Indonesia, focusing on how this diverse region maintains ethno-religious harmony. Drawing upon Roger Mac Ginty's concept of "everyday peace," the study highlights the crucial role of local actors, rather than international interventions, in peacebuilding through daily routines, norms, and community interactions. North Lombok, despite its religious and ethnic diversity, has successfully avoided conflicts often seen in other parts of Lombok. Key factors contributing to this peace include the acceptance of differences, freedom of worship, and connectivity through interfaith collaboration. The article illustrates how local communities, youth groups, traditional leaders, and the government work together to promote tolerance, with religious festivals and community events serving as platforms for peaceful coexistence. Employing an explanatory research method, the study investigates the cause-and-effect relationships within this social phenomenon, elucidating the observed dynamics by illustrating the positions and relationships between variables based on factual field observations. This approach goes beyond mere description, providing evidence for various possible explanations within the phenomenon. Primary data collection involves direct engagement in the field through observation, interviews, and questionnaires, while secondary data is sourced from reputable books, journals, and websites relevant to the research topic. The study concludes that everyday peace, rooted in local traditions and mutual respect, is a viable model for managing diversity and preventing conflict in multicultural societies. This approach, integrating local values and international frameworks, offers valuable insights for peacebuilding in other heterogeneous regions.

Contrasting Leadership Paradigms: The Clash Between Indigenous African Leadership Systems and Eurocentric Democratic Governance in Zimbabwe, Uganda and Rwanda

This study delves into the dynamic interplay between traditional African leadership paradigms and imposed democratic systems, with a focus on the extended tenures of Robert Mugabe, Yoweri Museveni and Paul Kagame. Anchored in post-colonial theory, political culture theory and leadership theory, it elucidates the cultural underpinnings that contribute to leaders’ reluctance to cede power and their subsequent impact on democratic governance. Employing a qualitative methodology with in-depth case studies, the study reveals a profound conflict between entrenched traditional norms and modern democratic ideals. The findings underscore the persistent influence of traditional leadership practices characterised by authoritarianism and electoral manipulation. This study situates these findings within the broader legacy of colonialism and the ongoing struggle for democratic consolidation, offering a nuanced understanding of the cultural dimensions of political leadership in Africa. The study proposes directions for future research and policy interventions aimed at enhancing political stability and democratic governance across the continent.

LIDERANÇA EM TRANSFORMAÇÃO: DO MODELO TRADICIONAL Á GESTÃO DO FUTURO

This research explores the improvement of leadership management models, analyzing the transition from traditional leadership to future-oriented management. The study aims to understand how changes in leadership styles and organizational structures influence corporate performance and behavior, as well as to examine the transitions experienced by companies over the years. Grounded in a bibliographic review of individual characteristics, such as hierarchical rigidity and centralized control in traditional management models, the analysis contrasts these with new trends focused on versatility and technological innovation. The results demonstrate the benefits and challenges of each approach, highlighting the importance of transitioning to a more flexible and collaborative model, which is essential to meet demands and remain solid in the contemporary market. It is concluded that successful leadership management requires balancing efficiency and innovation, promoting organizational success in future markets.