Traditional Instruments Research Articles

Solution Cathode Glow Discharge – Atomic Emission Spectrometry (SCGD-AES) With an Interference Filter for Spectral Discrimination for the Determination of Thallium in Surface Water

Solution cathode glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (SCGD-AES) using wide-bandpass (10-nm) interference filters (IF) as a spectral discrimination device was used for the determination of thallium (Tl) in surface water. The use of wide-bandpass interference filters greatly reduces the cost of traditional detection instruments. The influence of solution flow rate, discharge current and pH on the detection limit was characterized. Moreover, matrix effect experiments were performed to study the effect of different concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ on the Tl signal intensity. Using a solution flow rate of 2.8 mL/min, a discharge current of 50 mA, and pH of 1.0 with HNO3 as the supporting electrolyte, SCGD coupled with an interference filter provided a detection limit of 7.76 μg/L for Tl in water samples, comparable to traditional SCGD-AES. Furthermore, the spiked recovery rate of Tl is quantitative in real water samples and comparable to the performance of inductive coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).

Algorithmic Composition of Music Utilizing the Digits of Pi

As a matter of fact, algorithmic composition, the fusion of computational methods with music creation, has a rich history dating back to Pythagoras. On this basis, this paper explores the innovative intersection of mathematics, algorithms, and music, focusing on the translation of Pi's digits into a musical composition. Through a combination of manual and automated techniques, the research successfully crafts a melody using the minor pentatonic scale and traditional Chinese instruments, enriched by an algorithmically generated counter-melody. According to the analysis, the study reveals both the potential and limitations of this approach, with the fixed nature of the accompaniment and strict adherence to the pentatonic scale constraining musical diversity. Nevertheless, the research offers a novel perspective on mathematical representation in music, contributing to the broader field of algorithmic music composition. The findings open new avenues for personalized music creation, educational tools, and artistic exploration, highlighting the limitless possibilities when art and science converge.

KONSEP NYUPAK DALAM KARAWITAN JAWA THE CONCEPT OF ‘NYUPAK’ IN JAVANESE TRADITIONAL MUSIC INSTRUMEN

The word ‘nyupak’ is a Javanese term which is often used in daily events or activities. ‘Nyupak’ is simply an activity of joining two objects so that the main object joined with another object can be used again according to its function. As a matter of fact, the term ‘nyupak’ is also used in karawitan organology in the process of (1) the tuning of ‘gender bumbungan’ (‘gender’ resonance) and (2) the tuning of gamelan, both in the form of blades and in the form of ‘pencon’. The current study aims at exploring the concept of ‘nyupak’ in Javanese traditional music instrument from acoustic perspective. The results of the study demonstrate that ‘nyupak’ in the tuning on ‘gender bumbungan’ (‘gender’ resonance) ranges from the intervals of 2 cents up to 12 cents, or written as 2 ≤ x ≤ 12 cents, and ‘nyupak’ in the tuning on gamelan ranges from the intervals of 10 cents up to 33 cents, or written as 10 ≤ x ≤33 cents. The result of the study provides a referential formulation for the tuning process of ‘gender bumbungan’ and gamelan, particularly to cope with ear sensitivity in capturing the tone frequency.

Analysis on the Changes in Playing Techniques of Erhu under the Impact of Westernization——Taking the Erhu Concerto the Praise Song for Chu

With the constant social development and cultural exchange, it’s inevitable for Chinese traditional music to be affected by the western music. Among the traditional music of China, Erhu, as one of the representative traditional instruments, has also encountered a series of changes. The westernization of Erhu is not only an inevitable tendency but also a product of cultural exchange and integration. This paper aims at studying the westernization of Erhu in Chinese traditional music, probing into the impacts and changes of modern music on the traditional music, and interpreting the new vitality and charm of Erhu in the modern music through learning from the changes in Erhu’s playing techniques and the Erhu concerto The Praise Song for Chu. The main part of this paper is divided into two sections. The first section reviews the development process of Erhu within the historical context, and presents the evolution of Erhu playing techniques. The second section analyzes the playing techniques of Erhu in The Praise Song for Chu, comparing with three classic Erhu compositions, thus demonstrating the changes and characteristics of westernization of the Erhu in the contemporary context.

Acoustic propagation modeling using sound velocity profiles estimated from high resolution temperature data

An accurate sound velocity profile (SVP) is an important input for underwater acoustic propagation modeling. The SVP is largely driven by the temperature of the water column, especially at shallower depths. Measuring the SVP in high spatial and temporal resolution is challenging with traditional instrumentation, however techniques exist to produce high resolution temperature measurements that can be used to derive estimates of the SVP. Fiber optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) offers an improvement of several orders of magnitude over traditional singular point measurement devices and has the ability to measure temperature over large range and depth scales in an efficient manner. A DTS system was towed for 172 nm off the coast of New England over several days. The measured temperature data was used to estimate the SVP across the range and depth and will be compared to traditional environmental data sets, such as HYCOM. A comparison of modeled acoustic propagation using different resolution SVPs will be presented.

Exploring Organology and Learning Techniques of Dongxiao Chinese Folk Musical Instruments in Shandong Province

Back ground and Aims: This study explores the organology and learning skills of Dongxiao Chinese folk musical instruments in Shandong Province, a traditional Chinese folk musical instrument with deep historical and cultural significance, particularly in Shandong Province. The aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of Dongxiao music culture, ensuring its preservation and development alongside contemporary music cultures in Asia. Materials and Methods: The study is conducted through fieldwork in Heze, Shandong, China, involving data collection, identification of key informants, and systematic data collation. Observations and interviews are used as research tools to gain insights into Dongxiao materials, organology, and playing techniques. Data analysis includes quantitative and qualitative methods to identify patterns and themes related to Dongxiao. Results: The study reveals the organology of Dongxiao, highlighting materials such as bamboo, hardwood, jade, metal, and PVC, along with their advantages and disadvantages. It categorizes the instrument's components, including the mouthpiece, body, finger holes, and barrel holes, elucidating their roles in sound production. Additionally, the study explores the learning techniques for Dongxiao, emphasizing playing postures, finger hole techniques, and lip positioning. Conclusion: Dongxiao, with its rich history and cultural significance, plays a vital role in traditional Chinese music. Understanding its organology and learning techniques is essential for its preservation and promotion. Recommendations include the establishment of music education centers, digital learning platforms, collaborative performances, music festivals, and documentation efforts. Further study avenues include acoustical analysis, pedagogical approaches, regional variations, cross-cultural studies, contemporary compositions, and exploring the psychological and health benefits of Dongxiao.

Integrating Local Science and School Science: The Benefits for Preserving Local Wisdom and Promoting Students’ Learning

<p dir="ltr"><span>Integrating local science into science learning benefits students and the culture. However, science teaching tends to focus only on the scientific content presented in the books but ignores the local culture. This paper explores local science in community cultural activities to be implemented in science learning to introduce students to cultural values following the concept of science. It identifies local science, describes the oral arguments produced by the tribal council, and analyzes the lesson plan by five science teachers in the Nagekeo district, East Nusa Tenggara. The data used in this analysis are observation and identification, interviews, and assessment sheets. The findings show that the local science in Nagekeo cultural activities that can be integrated into science learning includes the traditional unit and measurement systems, Newton's laws in their application to the traditional game, biodiversity in the traditional hunt, the concept of heat transfer, and its application in the construction of traditional houses, and vibrations, waves, and sounds in the traditional musical instrument. Recommendations from this research are embracing local science in science learning to provide meaningful learning for students and preserve local culture for each generation in the future so that it does not become extinct. </span></p><div><span><br /></span></div>

LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY FOR TAX COMPLIANCE AND FINANCIAL REGULATION

Blockchain technology has emerged as a disruptive force in the realms of tax compliance and financial regulation, presenting both opportunities and challenges for governments, businesses, and regulators worldwide. This abstract explores the multifaceted legal implications stemming from the integration of blockchain technology into tax systems and financial frameworks. The decentralization and transparency inherent in blockchain networks offer promising avenues for enhancing tax compliance. Smart contracts, powered by blockchain, can automate tax calculations and payments, reducing errors and facilitating real-time monitoring of transactions. Additionally, the immutable nature of blockchain ledgers provides auditors with an unprecedented level of transparency and traceability, potentially reducing tax evasion and fraud. However, the adoption of blockchain technology also poses significant regulatory challenges. The anonymity afforded by certain blockchain implementations raises concerns regarding the identification and verification of taxpayers and transactions, potentially hindering enforcement efforts. Moreover, the cross-border nature of blockchain transactions complicates traditional tax jurisdictional boundaries, necessitating international cooperation and harmonization of tax policies. In the realm of financial regulation, blockchain technology introduces novel considerations for regulators seeking to ensure market integrity and investor protection. The proliferation of blockchain-based financial products, such as cryptocurrencies and tokenized assets, challenges existing regulatory frameworks designed for traditional financial instruments. Regulators must grapple with issues of investor disclosure, market manipulation, and systemic risk in this rapidly evolving landscape. Furthermore, the decentralized nature of blockchain networks challenges the efficacy of traditional regulatory mechanisms, such as centralized oversight and enforcement. Regulators face the daunting task of striking a balance between fostering innovation and safeguarding against potential risks, such as money laundering and terrorist financing, inherent in decentralized financial systems. The integration of blockchain technology into tax compliance and financial regulation presents a complex array of legal implications. While offering potential benefits in terms of efficiency and transparency, blockchain also necessitates adaptation and evolution of regulatory frameworks to address emerging challenges and risks in a rapidly evolving digital landscape. Effective collaboration between governments, businesses, and regulators is essential to harness the transformative potential of blockchain technology while mitigating its associated legal and regulatory challenges.
 Keywords: Blockchain, Regulators, Legal, Tax, Technology, Financial, Review.

Measuring interpersonal trauma: Development and validation of the German version of the victimization experience schedule (VES)

ObjectiveInterpersonal victimization experiences (VEs) significantly affect mental and physical health, particularly in disorders associated with life-time adversities, like fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, assessing VEs comprehensively remains challenging due to limited tools that encompass sub-traumatic events, such as bullying or discrimination, and contextual dimensions. We aimed to address this gap by validating the Victimization Experience Schedule (VES) in German, examining its reliability, and assessing VEs in clinical populations with FMS and MDD. MethodsWe investigated the relationship between VEs and clinical symptoms in individuals with FMS, MDD and healthy controls (N = 105) in a case-control study. We also analyzed correlations between different types of VEs and categories of early childhood abuse and posttraumatic-stress-disorder instruments. Additionally, we validated our findings in an independent sample of individuals with FMS (N = 97) from a clinical study. ResultsWe observed excellent inter-rater reliability (Kw = 0.90–0.99), and VEs assessed using the VES were in alignment with subcategories of early childhood abuse. The prevalence of VEs extended beyond the categories covered by traditional survey instruments and was higher in individuals with MDD (4.0 ± 2.6) and FMS (5.9 ± 3.1) compared to controls (1.5 ± 1.7). We consistently identified a significant association between the number of VEs, the associated subjective distress, and clinical scores. Furthermore, distinct correlation patterns between VEs and clinical outcomes emerged across different cohorts. ConclusionOur study emphasizes the VES's value in understanding VEs within MDD and FMS. These experiences span from traumatic to sub-traumatic and correlate with posttraumatic-stress and clinical symptoms, underscoring the VES's importance as an assessment tool.

Feasibility of using colorimetric devices for whole and ground coffee roasting degrees prediction.

Coffee roasting is one of the crucial steps in obtaining a high-quality product as it forms the product's color and flavor characteristics. Roast control is made by visual inspection or traditional instruments such as the Agtron spectrophotometer, which can have high implementation costs. Therefore, the present study evaluated colorimetric approaches (a bench colorimeter, smartphone digital images, and a colorimetric sensor) to predict the Agtron roasting degrees of whole and ground coffee. Two calibration approaches were assessed, that is, multiple linear regression and least-squares support vector machine. For that, 70 samples of whole and ground roasted coffees comprising the Agtron roasting range were prepared. The results showed that all three colorimetric acquisition types were efficient for the model building, but the bench colorimeter and the smartphone digital images generally performed with good determination coefficients and low errors as measured by external validation. For the whole bean coffee, the best model presented a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.99 and a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 1.91%, while R2 of 0.99 and RMSE of 0.87% was obtained for ground coffee, both using the colorimeter. The obtained models presented good prediction capability, as assessed by external validation and randomization tests. The obtained findings point to an alternative for coffee roasting monitoring that can lead to higher digitalization and local control of the process, even for smaller producers, due to its lower costs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cultural Harmonies: Exploring Compositional Techniques and Cultural Fusion in Guizhou Ethnic Minority Music

This study investigates compositional techniques within Guizhou Ethnic Minority Music, focusing on the transformative influence of cultural fusion. Through interviews with local musicians from the Miao, Dong, Yi, and Shui ethnic groups, the research identifies recurring elements and variations in musical practices. Cultural fusion emerges as a dynamic force shaping compositional creativity, where deliberate blending of traditional instruments, melodic motifs, and rhythmic patterns transcends individual ethnic styles. The impact on the listener's perception reveals enhanced accessibility and relatability, attracting a diverse audience. The dual role of cultural fusion is evident—preserving cultural identity while catalyzing musical evolution. As musicians adapt tradition to contemporary contexts, Guizhou Ethnic Minority Music becomes a bridge between heritage and innovation. The study contributes to broader discussions on global music by highlighting the power of cultural fusion in fostering cross-cultural understanding. Guizhou's musicians emerge as cultural ambassadors, shaping a narrative that transcends geographic boundaries, inviting scholars and enthusiasts to explore the intricate interplay of tradition, innovation, and cultural exchange in the musical realm.

EDM에서 나타나는 라틴 아메리카 리듬 표현 기법 연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze Latin American rhythm expression techniques in EDM, explore the impact of these expressions on the future music industry, and present a new perspective on musical creativity. Prior to the study, a basic study was conducted to explore the impact of the times according to the historical flow of each genre. For in-depth research, the scope was limited to works released after 2010, which are evaluated as the heyday of EDM, and cases showing the rhythmic characteristics of Latin America were selected by referring to articles and introductions from distributors. As a result of analyzing the instruments and rhythms applied in the works selected to draw conclusions, new works were formed by introducing various traditional instruments, samba, reggae-like rhythms, and 'Call And Response' playing methods, and it was found that these experiments could contribute to the development of the future music industry by creating new experiences and expanding the diversity of music.

Identification of Religious and Cultural Elements in Arts Learning Materials at Indriyasana Somoitan Kindergarten and Mosque Syuhada Kindergarten

This research aims to describe religious and cultural elements in art learning materials in kindergarten. Art learning in early childhood is often carried out to develop various aspects of intellectual, social and spiritual maturity. This can be supported by the school's background under a religious foundation so that the learning carried out can be adapted to the existence of a religious environment in each school. The two schools use different cultural and religious elements in art learning at school. The writing of this article is the result of observations, interviews and documentation carried out using qualitative research methods with triangulation of data sources. The data analysis carried out obtained the results that the religious elements that appeared in arts learning in the two kindergartens were religious stories, religious singing, prayer activities with tunes, projects through stories in books, dancing with religious songs, playing angklung with spiritual songs, and playing gamelan with religious songs such as prayers. Meanwhile, the cultural elements applied are the introduction of traditional musical instruments, the introduction of traditional dance, the singing of children's songs, the use of traditional games associated with learning, making batik, and the use of traditional clothing in art learning.

윤이상의 오보에 연주기법과 피리 연주기법과의 관계: 특수주법 교육방법을 중심으로

This study is to understand t he musical values of the world-renowned 20th century composer Yun Isang throughout his life, and to examine how his special playing techniques, which appear in the Western musical instrument oboe, are created and fused into his works, and to understand the relationship between special playing techniques of the piri and the oboe in his works, and to find an appropriate educational methods. Through this study, it is revealed that special techniques in his music, such as glissando, harmonics, double trills, rolling tone, quarter tones, multiphonics, flutter-tonguing, and bisbigliando are rooted in various playing techniques of traditional Korean piri, such as, sikimse, nonguem, chuseong, and toeseong, etc.. By understanding how these traditional elements of Korean piri are implemented in the work, the aim is to explore effective educational methods. This will help us to understand how the elements of traditional Korean musical instruments, piri are implemented in the work through special techniques and to find effective teaching methods. "The oboe solo piece "Piri" <"Piri" für Oboe solo, 1971> and concerto for two oboes <Invention> (“Inventionen” für zwei Oboen, 1983) by Yun Isang was examined as a representative work that well exhibits the sepcial playing techniques of the oboe and the techniques of Korean piri. The appropriate playing techniques and expression methods of the composers presented in the study results can be beneficial not only to oboe players but also to educators of music.

Innovative financial tools in the enterprise development system

This article explores using innovative financial instruments to support business growth. Starting with analyzing traditional financial instruments to support enterprises, the article considers innovative approaches. In particular, the advantages of using innovative financial instruments over traditional methods are investigated. In addition, the article analyzes the risks and challenges associated with the implementation of such innovative tools. The study reflects current trends and opportunities for businesses to use the latest financial tools to support their growth. The article discusses innovative financial instruments such as cryptocurrencies, crowdfunding and crowdlending, smart contracts, financial derivatives, distributed financial technologies (DeFi), and robotic investing (Robo-advisors). It also looks at how these new approaches can help raise capital for startups and small businesses with limited access to traditional funding sources. This article points out the prospects for the development of innovative financial instruments. The most important directions for possible further research in this area are also outlined. The advantages of embracing innovative financial instruments are not just apparent, they are transformative. These tools can expedite access to capital, slash administrative costs, and foster a more efficient use of resources. Take crowdfunding, for instance. It opens the doors to a vast pool of investors through online platforms, revolutionizing the financing process for small and medium-sized enterprises. This is just one example of how innovative financial instruments can pave the way for a brighter, more prosperous future. However, it's crucial to acknowledge the risks and challenges that come with the territory of innovative financial instruments. Market volatility, regulatory constraints, and the potential for financial pitfalls can pose significant hurdles to the successful utilization of these instruments. The absence of a legislative framework limited public awareness, high technological demands, and a dearth of historical data are all factors that need to be considered. Therefore, the research and analysis of innovative financial instruments is not just a task, but a responsibility for enterprises. It's a path that can lead to sustainable growth and enhanced competitiveness in the market, but one that must be trodden upon with caution and thorough understanding. Keywords: Financial instruments, blockchain, innovation, investment, financing, capital, credit, enterprises.

Automated Digital Wind Instrument using Arduino UNO Microcontroller

Recently, Blackstar Amplification Ltd. has introduced a Compact Carry-On Digital Wind Instrument (CDWI), mirroring the design of traditional recorder instruments in their size and shape. This CDWI can be played as a traditional wind instrument by blowing into the mouthpiece and simultaneously manipulating finger holes, enabling the production of desired musical notes. The main aim of this research work is the development of a prototype model to automate the CDWI, by utilizing the Arduino UNO microcontroller board and introducing the Automated Digital Wind Instrument (ADWI). The CDWI has a mouthpiece, nine finger holes, and one thumb hole, and the blowing mechanism can be automated by using a 12 Volts DC air blower and a servo valve. The author ingeniously develops a new servo valve using a plastic syringe, a ball, and a 5 Volts DC micro servo motor to regulate the air pressure blown into the mouthpiece. The ADWI fingers are meticulously crafted using plastic pen barrels, thrust tubes, and metallic springs to simulate the actions of a human music player's fingers. Positioned to maintain all finger holes in an open state by default, the selective closing of specific holes is achieved by ten micro servo motors to produce a specific musical note. In a preliminary test, the ADWI prototype is programmed to perform the Nursery Rhyme "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star." While evaluating the sound output by hearing, it is evident that the proposed ADWI effectively generates all the necessary musical notes. However, the noise generated by the air blower and micro servo motors introduces interference, impacting the clarity of the produced musical notes. Consequently, it is planned to integrate a noise reduction mechanism as part of future work.

윤이상의 오보에 연주기법과 피리 연주기법과의 관계: 특수주법 교육방법을 중심으로

This study is to understand t he musical values of the world-renowned 20th century composer Yun Isang throughout his life, and to examine how his special playing techniques, which appear in the Western musical instrument oboe, are created and fused into his works, and to understand the relationship between special playing techniques of the piri and the oboe in his works, and to find an appropriate educational methods. Through this study, it is revealed that special techniques in his music, such as glissando, harmonics, double trills, rolling tone, quarter tones, multiphonics, flutter-tonguing, and bisbigliando are rooted in various playing techniques of traditional Korean piri, such as, sikimse, nonguem, chuseong, and toeseong, etc.. By understanding how these traditional elements of Korean piri are implemented in the work, the aim is to explore effective educational methods. This will help us to understand how the elements of traditional Korean musical instruments, piri are implemented in the work through special techniques and to find effective teaching methods. "The oboe solo piece "Piri" <"Piri" für Oboe solo, 1971> and concerto for two oboes <Invention> (“Inventionen” für zwei Oboen, 1983) by Yun Isang was examined as a representative work that well exhibits the sepcial playing techniques of the oboe and the techniques of Korean piri. The appropriate playing techniques and expression methods of the composers presented in the study results can be beneficial not only to oboe players but also to educators of music.

메타버스 젭(ZEP) 기반의 외국인 유학생 대상 영어 학습 모형 개발

The purpose of this study is to develop an English learning model for international students in Korea by implementing Korean cultural content in the metaverse. Since the majority of international students in Korea are from Asian countries, it is important to offer specialized courses for them. The English learning model consists of four modules for one semester, which use Korean cultural content to cover Korean gaming culture, Korean pop music and dance, Korean society and cultural heritage, and Korean traditional instruments and costumes. In addition, the Metaverse ZEP encourages student participation and academic achievement through various activities such as games, discussions, and presentations. Popular Korean cultural content, which is most preferred by international students, is used in the learning model to improve their English language skills and to learn about Korean culture. The study will provide new insights for developing customized English courses for international students.

The Perspective of the Malay Community in the Livelihood of Street Angklung Musicians in Malioboro Yogyakarta

<em>The purpose of this study is to see how the views of the Malay community in the livelihoods of angklung musicians who are played in Yogyakarta by using the theory of structural functionalism. Angklung music performances in Yogyakarta are multifunctional. This means that now angklung music does not only present angklung as a traditional musical instrument, but also as a profession. Such as the transformation of the song being performed and the addition of dancers to attract the audience’s attention. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a library research approach. Data collection techniques in this study ar observation, interviews and documentation. The sample in this study in the Malay community who have lived in Yogyakarta, both for study and work. Form the observations and interviews that have been conducted, it shows that there are two views, namely positive and negative. This positive view is obtained because it is considered that the angklung musician profession is a form of high level creativity of the nation’s childern which not everyone can do it. With traditional instruments, but the arrangement and presentation of different music provides a special attraction for the audience. Then the negative view emerged because the movements of the dancers accompanying the angklung music were classified as erotic and contained element of sensuality toward the audience</em>.

Historical Perspective on Literacy and Learning Resources of Traditional Chinese Fiddle Musical Instruments in Jiangxi

Traditional Chinese fiddle instruments have a long history, with their origins dating back over a thousand years. They are an integral part of Chinese culture and have evolved over time, incorporating various regional styles and techniques. The objective is to examine the historical perspective on literacy and learning resources of traditional Chinese fiddle musical instruments in Jiangxi Province, with a primary focus on Jiujiang City. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, drawing from ethnomusicology, organology, and musical acoustics, to unravel the intricate cultural, social, and historical context of fiddle music. Key informants, including master craftsmen and experts in fiddle production, provide valuable insights into the region’s musical heritage. The research also explores the emergence of the Zhonghu, a plucked stringed instrument, and its role in Chinese folk music. The study’s findings reveal the rich cultural landscape of Jiujiang City, characterized by the fusion of fiddle music with silk and bamboo music, private music clubs, religious ceremonies, and Taoist traditions. In conclusion, this research contributes to the preservation and enrichment of Jiangxi’s cultural heritage and offers insights into the continued development of traditional Chinese fiddle music education and cultural preservation.