Traditional Health Education Research Articles

Effect of Patient-Centered Self-Management Program on Blood Pressure, Renal Function Control, and the Quality of Life of Patients With Hypertensive Nephropathy: A Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Trial.

This longitudinal study with a randomized controlled trial evaluated the long-term effectiveness of the patient-centered self-management intervention program on the control of blood pressure and renal function, as well as the quality of life of patients with hypertensive nephropathy. The control group (n = 38) received usual care while the experimental group (n = 38) participated in a patient-centered self-management program. After the pre-test, the intervention was performed with the experimental group once a week for a total of 4weeks. Then, the post-test was performed 1, 3, and 6months later. A questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data and disease characteristics, laboratory data, and quality of life scale. This study tracked three time points (i.e., 1, 3, and 6months) after the intervention and found that the experimental group achieved significant results in controlling systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.007), and eGFR (p = 0.013). Significant results were achieved in the overall quality of life (p < 0.001) and the quality of life in the physical (PHC; p < 0.001) and mental health components (MHC; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the effects in the experimental group lasted for as long as 6months and were better than those in the control group. Moreover, this program can provide nursing staff with a reference different from traditional health education methods.

Effects of Mobile Application Program (App)-Assisted Health Education on Preventive Behaviors and Cancer Literacy among Women with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Objective: This study aimed (1) to study the effects of health education on preventive behaviors and cancer literacy among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); (2) to compare the effects of mobile application program (App)-assisted health education with traditional book-form health education. Participants: A total of 132 women ages 20 to 69 years women. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study enrolled 132 CIN women who were evaluated three times. Propensity score matching was used by controlling subjects’ age strata, body mass index, education level, occupation, and type of surgery. Results: The influences of various educational tools were investigated. Four domains were assessed, including health behavior, attitude towards behavior change, self-efficacy of behavior, and cervical cancer (CCa) literacy. Significant improvements in behavior change and CCa literacy due to a health education program were observed (p ≤ 0.002). The App combined with a traditional booklet had the highest score for behavior change and was significantly greater than the booklet-only learning (p = 0.002). The App-assisted form, either App alone or combined with booklet, had a significantly better impact on health promotion when compared to the booklet alone (p = 0.045 and 0.005, respectively). App-only learning had the highest score of CCa literacy (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Health education interventions can have positive effects in terms of change of behavior and CCa literacy. App-assisted learning could be used as a supportive technology, and App learning alone or combined with a traditional booklet may be an innovative model of clinical health promotion for women with CIN.

The effect of multimedia health education on pain and anxiety in women undergoing mammography in Taiwan

ObjectiveBreast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Taiwan. However, the discomfort of receiving mammograms reduces the willingness to screen. Materials and methodsThis study using a quasi-experimental design and recruited 150 participants in a medical center, Taiwan. In the control group, only provided traditional health education sheets, the experimental group has joined the intervention of multimedia health education. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Visual Analogue Scale, respectively, were used to compare the differences in anxiety and pain between the two groups before and after receiving mammography. ResultsAfter the intervention, the experimental group's state anxiety score was significantly lower than that of the control group (30.63 ± 8.43 vs. 33.77 ± 10.74, p < .05). However, there was no significant difference in pain scores (4.13 ± 2.37 vs. 4.57 ± 2.31; p = .25). ConclusionsYounger, prior experience with mammography, and high trait anxiety affect pain and state anxiety of women undergoing mammography. The multimedia health education intervention could reduce anxiety effectively, but it does not significantly relieve the pain undergoing mammography.

From health education to digital health literacy - building on the past to shape the future.

Health education has continuously evolved and taken several distinctive forms over the decades. The emergence of new concepts such as health promotion and health literacy have helped to shape and refine our understanding of how the purpose, content and methods of health education can adapt with to new public health methods and priorities. Viewing health education through the lens of health literacy has been particularly helpful in differentiating between traditional task-focused health education, and skills-focused health education designed to develop more generic, transferable skills. The advent of digital media has enabled unprecedented access to health information but brought with it new challenges. Managing the volume of available information, and assessing its quality and reliability have become essential digital health literacy skills in the information age. As health educators we need to continue to adapt our practices to these new opportunities and understand the challenges that come with them.

Seeing “The Bigger Picture:” Impact of an Arts-Focused Type 2 Diabetes Education Program in High Schools

Traditional health education efforts rarely align with youth social justice values. The Bigger Picture (TBP), a spoken word arts campaign, leverages a social justice approach to activate youth around the social determinants of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This quasi-experimental study examines the impact of embedding TBP in urban, low-income high schools (3 intervention schools received TBP; 3 comparison schools received a non-health related spoken word program) with respect to (1) health-related mind-sets and expectations; (2) sense of belonging; and (3) civic engagement among youth. Adults and youth who participated in programming at all 6 schools were interviewed, and a content analysis of students’ poems was performed. TBP was well-received by adults and students. While students in both TBP and comparison programs described multiple social determinants of T2D, intervention students more frequently articulated the connections between race/ethnicity and T2D as a social justice issue. Further, all comparison students explicitly mentioned individual dietary behavior as a T2D determinant while most, yet not all, intervention students did. Students in both programs reported a high sense of belonging at school and confidence in civic engagement. Content analysis of TBP students’ poems revealed youth’s detailed understanding of T2D determinants. Future studies might explore program scalability, and how the integration of civic engagement opportunities into TBP curriculum might impact students’ capacity to create positive social change.

Effect of Patient Empowerment Model on Smoking Cessation: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundSmoking is a preventable cause of chronic morbidity. Patient empowerment is a process through which people establish greater control over their health-related decisions and actions. To assess the effect of patient empowerment versus health education on the nicotine dependence score and progress of patients under different stages of smoking cessation. MethodsThis was a single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial that included 76 smokers attending family medicine clinics. Participants were divided into two groups: empowerment and health education groups. Their nicotine-dependence score and smoking cessation stage were identified. All study participants were subjected to five health education sessions with a 3-month follow-up period. ResultsThe mean nicotine-dependence score decreased significantly in both groups after the intervention. This decrease was slightly higher in the empowerment group; however, the difference was not statistically significant. After the intervention, 16.7% of the health education and 30.0% of the empowerment group transitioned from stage 1 to stages 2–4 of smoking cessation, with the change being statistically significant only in the empowerment group. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of study participants who stopped smoking between the health education and empowerment groups. ConclusionBoth the empowerment model and traditional health education have similar positive effects on decreasing the nicotine-dependence level. There was a significant improvement in the stage of change for patients under the empowerment model, although there was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the number of participants who stopped smoking.

Awareness on the coronary heart disease patient - a case series

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Each year cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes 3.9 million deaths in Europe, accounting for 45% of all deaths. CVD are especially relevant not only due to the high mortality rate related to them, but also due to the disability associated with them. In Portugal, one of the specific skills of the medical-surgical nurse is to take care of the person and family / caregivers experiencing complex medical processes (such as acute coronary syndrome - ACS), resulting from chronic disease (such as coronary heart disease - CHD). The medium-range theory of transitions, by Meleis and collaborators, helps to frame the theoretical aspects in nursing practice. Nursing approaches to the person with CHD, are often focused on transmitting knowledge and teaching abilities, regardless of the perception the person may have of the need to pursue changes in his/her life. Purpose This study aimed at gathering information on how a person perceives, has knowledge, and recognises an acute coronary event as a moment of transition. It is intended to evaluate the level of awareness the person has of his/her situation in this health-illness transition, as to incorporate an approach based upon the transition’s theory. Methods The study was conducted on a Cardiology ward and Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary hospital in Northern Portugal, on the second half of September 2020. All patients admitted with an ACS were eligible. A qualitative research framework was adopted, using the semi-structured interview. When phrasing some questions, the phenomenological approach was adopted. Results Four patients were included. Their interviews showed a wide variability of knowledge about the motive for admission or what caused it; there was an uneven perception of the severity of the event; in general, they did not recognize the need to make changes in their lives or externalized the responsibilities for it. This study was limited by a reduced number of interviews conducted, limiting the generalization of the findings and conclusions, though it was not the purpose of this exercise. Also, the interviews were performed in different moments after admission, so some of the patients had already been approached by the nursing staff in moments of health education, which may lead to information bias. Conclusions The traditional health education approach based on teaching the patients a set number of items needed to achieve a healthier lifestyle after an ACS, seem to produce very variable effects on how the person recognizes, perceives, and knows about his/her condition. The transition theory framework may be useful to engage patients in the process and, considering the reduced length of stay in the hospital, it is necessary the transition of care to the community. Awareness is a central concept in the patient"s adaptive process and, therefore, a major theme for nursing practice. Considering the apparent scarcity of evidence about it, it reveals to be an area of future investment.

Augmented Reality (AR) Enhances the Effectiveness of Lung Expansion in Spinal Surgery Patients -Preliminary Study

Background: After spinal surgery, patients often have changes in respiratory system due to general anesthesia. Preoperative respiratory rehabilitation and respiratory muscle training are found to be effective in reducing the postoperative pulmonary complications.Aim: Comparing the differences in the effects of postoperative lung expansion in patients with spinal surgery by using the conventional paper-based and the application of augmented reality (AR) health education methods, and understanding the acceptance of the use of AR by clinical nursing staff.Subject and methods: The quasi experiment was adopted; the control group was paper-based conventional health education and the experimental group was AR health education. The Trifflow breathing exercise was taught one day before operation. The frequency of exercise was 5-10 minutes each time and four times a day. The exercise was started from the day before operation and was continued until being discharged from the hospital. The pulmonary capacities were measured one day before the operation and on the day of leaving the hospital. Twenty people were recruited in both groups. There were 20 nursing staff participated in this study in total. The acceptance level of using AR was surveyed by using self-administered structured questionnaire.Result: In the experimental group, females were accounted for 65%, 55% of them were under 64 years old, and 30% of them with primary education level; in the control group, 85% of them were females, 70% of them were over 65 years old, and 30% with primary education level. The vital capacities measured at the time of discharge comparing with that before the operation were increased in both group, which reached a statistical difference (p=0.001). However, there was no significantly statistical difference between different groups. In terms of AR recognition by nursing staff: 75.0% thought that “the current health education tools are not enough”, 90% agreed that “acceptance of AR by patient and family”, 75% agreed that “the AR used in this health education process is convenient”, “the use of AR in this health education process is interactive”, and “AR health education makes the whole health education process more interesting”. Seventy percent agreed that “I have enough relevant resources to use AR health education”.Conclusion: Both traditional and AR health education models can improve the pulmonary function of patients, and there were significantly statistical differences. However, nursing staff felt that the current health education tools were not enough and thought that AR was interactive, interesting and convenient.Recommendation: The AR medical education has the advantages of interactive games and instant feedback. It can be utilized in clinical services to provide nurses with different models of health education.

O5 Seeing the “Bigger Picture”: Impact of an Arts-Focused Type II Diabetes Education Program

<h3>Background</h3> Traditional health education efforts rarely align with youth social justice values. The Bigger Picture (TBP), a public health literacy campaign that uses spoken word art to promote health, leverages a social justice approach to activate youth around the social determinants of type 2 diabetes (T2D). <h3>Objective</h3> We examine the impact of TBP on health-related mindsets and expectations; sense of belonging; and civic engagement among youth in urban, low-income high schools. <h3>Study Design, Setting, Participants</h3> In this cluster-randomized study students from 3 high schools received a T2D-related arts-based program and students from 3 comparison schools received a non-health related arts-based program. Both programs were delivered in classrooms and extracurricular clubs over the course of 3 semesters (with the final semester modified due to coronavirus-related school closures). <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> We conducted interviews with adults (n = 32; 27 unique participants) and youth (n = 15) from both intervention and comparison schools who participated in programming. In addition, we performed a content analysis of student poems (n = 10) related to T2D in intervention schools. <h3>Results</h3> Students in both intervention and comparison schools listed factors like genetics, sugar consumption, diet, income, and neighborhood access to nutrition and physical activity as contributors to T2D. In more cases, however, students in intervention schools were able to draw connections between race/ ethnicity and poor access to basic health-promoting resources. Students in both programs had a high sense of belonging at school and confidence in civic engagement. One instance of T2D-related civic engagement was reported in intervention schools. Content analysis of TBP students' poems revealed youth's detailed understanding the role that government and corporate influence, access, individual behavior, and sociocultural factors play in developing T2D. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Future studies might explore program scalability, and how the integration of civic engagement opportunities into TBP curriculum might impact student's capacity to actively participate in creating social positive change around the social determinants of T2D.

WeChat-assisted health education improves care ability, reduces care burden and improves quality of life of parents of infants after enterostomy.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of implementing WeChat-assisted health education for parents of infants after enterostomy. This study retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 106 infants after enterostomy whose parents received WeChat-assisted health education in our hospital from June 2017 to June 2019. The clinical data of 92 infants after enterostomy whose parents received traditional health education in our hospital from May 2015 to May 2017 were selected as the control group. The care ability of the WeChat health education group was significantly better than that of the traditional health education group (P < 0.05). The care burden of the WeChat health education group was significantly lower than that of the traditional health education group (P < 0.05). The results of the WHOQOL-BREF showed that the quality of life for WeChat health education group was significantly higher than that for the traditional health education group (P < 0.05). The incidence of complications, including mucosal oedema, allergic dermatitis, faecal dermatitis and avulsion injury, in the WeChat health education group was significantly lower than that in the traditional health education group. The implementation of WeChat-assisted health education for parents of infants after enterostomy can effectively improve parents' care ability, reduce parents' care burden, improve parents' quality of life and reduce the incidence of complications in patients.

Application of interactive education in rural elderly diabetic patients with conversation map

Background: The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of health education with conversation map on self-management ability of rural elderly diabetic patients.Methods: 60 rural elderly diabetic patients in endocrinology department of a 3A hospital from January to December in 2019 were selected as the research objects. According to the parity of the last two digits of the hospitalization number, the odd number was divided into the control group and the even number was divided into the experimental group. The control group was given traditional health education and interactive education with conversation map was added to the experimental group. After 3 months of intervention, fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and self-management behavior of the two groups were observed.Results: The fasting blood glucose, 2h postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and self-management ability of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group and the difference was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05).Conclusions: The interactive education with conversation map can effectively improve the self-management ability of rural elderly diabetic patients, and then prevent the occurrence of diabetic complications.

Assessment of information literacy skills and information-seeking behavior of medical students in the age of technology: a study of Pakistan

Purpose Information literacy skills (ILSs) and information-seeking behavior (ISB) is a widespread topic that needs modern technologies to improve the technical skills of the students. The purpose of this study is to assess the usage of library resources for medical college students. To explore and understand the student’s level of satisfaction, learning and seeking behavior by efficient information retrieval systems. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a quantitative research method and data was collected from the undergraduate students of medical colleges Islamabad Pakistan. The data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 using Pearson correlation statistical test to identify the level of proficiency of correlation of variables and testing of the proposed hypothesis. Findings The finding of the study shows that the medical students can enhance their IT skills to seek the information in this technology era. The medical institutional administration can develop the education development policy, traditional health education policy, funds allocating policy, health information literacy and collaborate with library staff for enhancing the services and to meet the information need of medical students. Practical implications The conclusion of this study is very helpful to reduce the barriers between the students and the library staff. The findings of the study are also beneficial for the administration to improve and develop the strategies for enhancing the ILSs of medical students to achieve medical educational information in the age of technology. Therefore, all significant structures want to improve and to develop the environment of information seeking by medical students to achieve medical educational information. Social implications Medical college library administrative management must be design useful a durable policy to come up with the technology development for digital literacy. The study reduces the barriers between the students and the library staff. Originality/value The study is based on quantitative research method to find out ISB of medical students.

Research on Qi Gong Reform of Medical Colleges and Universities under the Background of “Integration of Sports and Medicine” Based on Big Data

In recent years, as many countries have repeatedly mentioned in their archives, Chinese medicine schools need to tap resources to promote medical reform and traditional health education. Based on the research and application of big data, this article explores the direction of sports qigong courses in medical colleges under the background of “integration of sports and medicine”.

Effectiveness of oral health educational interventions on oral health of visually impaired school children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To evaluate the effect of newer and traditional oral health education (OHE) methods in improving oral health knowledge, oral hygiene status and practices, plaque, gingival, and dental caries status of visually impaired children. Comprehensive literature search was performed by using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Google scholar, and Open Gray from 2010 to 2020 for studies in English language. Two reviewers critically assessed the studies for eligibility criteria, and data extraction was performed. Quality assessment of selected studies was executed according to the study designs. A meta-analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.3 software. Twenty-four articles were included for qualitative synthesis and out that 11 in meta-analysis. Cumulative standardized mean difference for plaque (Silness and Loe, 1964) and gingival index (Loe and Silness, 1963) was -0.45 (-0.88, -0.02, p = 0.04) and -0.54 (-1.10, 0.03, p = 0.06), respectively favoring newer OHE group as compared to traditional OHE group. Comparison of different newer OHE methods had similar effects on the oral health of visually impaired children. The study period of included studies was short-term, so long-term effectiveness could not be assessed, however newer OHE methods were effective in improving plaque and gingival scores over a short period.

Dental Health Curriculum for Pre-Schoolers With Robot Application Intervention

Owing to unhealthy self-care practices such as oral hygiene and diet, preschool children can be at high risk of having dental issues. As traditional oral health education focusing on spreading information and providing advice may not be as effective in making a sustained impact on young children, this study explores how incorporating an innovative element such as a robot game to improve on it can help. Using a quasi-experimental treatment and control group design, two groups of preschool children were compared for the effectiveness of the intervention in eliciting their knowledge of dental health and the behaviours in preventing caries. Findings and implications of this pilot study, the first of its kind on preschool children's dental health knowledge and the use of a robot application as an intervention to enhance the curriculum, are discussed.

ВИХОВАННЯ НАВИЧОК МЕДІЙНОЇ ГРАМОТНОСТІ У МАЙБУТНІХ ЛІКАРІВ

The article considers the basic understanding of the concept of media medical literacy and its importance as one of the necessary courses that should be included in the University curriculum, especially nowadays in the epoch of digital development and the information stream. It was found out that there were certain levels of medical literacy: functional health literacy, interactive health literacy, critical health literacy. Level 1 “functional health literacy” reflects the outcome of traditional health education based on the communication of factual information on health risks, and on how to use the health system. Level 2“interactive health literacy” reflects the outcomes to the approach to health education and is focused on the development of personal skills in a supportive environment. Level 3 “critical health literacy” reflects the cognitive and skills development outcomes which are oriented towards supporting effective social action, as well as individual action. Doctors are frequently invited onto a variety of media forums to give their views on health problems, medical discoveries, and to answer the public’s general medical questions. So, different medical and legal aspects of providing medical information through the media were considered. Considering these steps, the doctors have an opportunity of informing a large audience about their health and medications via media avoiding medico-legal pitfalls. Practical pedagogical methods concerning concrete ways of education and integration of media medical literacy into the work of doctors through such methods as “ESCAPE” and “Should It Be Disseminated” were presented.

Evaluation of the Application Effect of "Yilian Family Medical Health Service Platform" in the Health Education for Cardiovascular Patients.

Background:To explore the effect of the “Yilian Family Medical Health Service Platform” used by cardiology nurses on the health education of cardiovascular patients.Methods:Overall 380 patients with coronary heart disease were selected from the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian China in 2019. They were divided into control group (190 cases) and observation group (190 cases) according to the method of digital random allocation. The traditional discharge health education model was used in control group, that is, oral education before discharge. On the basis of traditional health education, the “Yilian Family Medical Health Service Platform” was recommended in the observation group. Patients could use the platform to communicate and consult with the family doctor team. The awareness of disease and medication, compliance, incidence of rehospitalization, and satisfaction with nursing work were compared in the two groups after discharge from the hospital.Results:The experimental group was significantly better than the control group in terms of disease awareness, medication adherence, return visits, and rehospitalization (P <0.05).Conclusion:The “Medical Federation Family Medical Health Service Platform” could be used by nurses as a continuation of health education for patients with cardiovascular disease after discharge from the hospital. It can promote patient recovery, improve medication compliance, reduce the rate of rehospitalization, and obviously improve patients’ satisfaction to the nursing staff.

The application of theory-guided oral health interventions in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objective To explore theory-guided randomized controlled trials aimed at improving adolescents’ oral health and evaluate their effectiveness. Design Multiple library databases with search criteria for articles between 1990 and 2019. Main Outcome Measures Searched references were coded and screened for theory-guided interventions for adolescent oral health. Characteristics of each study (study sample, adopted theory, outcome measures, length of follow-up and main findings) were extracted and the quality of the eligible trials assessed. Effect sizes for theory-guided interventions for different follow-up periods were analysed and compared with traditional oral health education. Results About 2135 results were uncovered, 64 were extracted for further screening, and 10 studies were eligible for inclusion. For plaque presence outcomes, no statistical difference was observed between theory-guided interventions and traditional interventions at 3 months (MD: –5.94, 95% CI: –16.39 to 4.51). When the duration of observation was extended to over one year, a significant reduction was found (SMD: –0.25, 95% CI: –0.46 to –0.04). Conclusion Theory-guided interventions for improving oral hygiene status appear to be more effective than traditional interventions for adolescents in the long term. However, more comprehensive studies are required for validation to support the implementation and adoption of these programs in the clinical setting.

Development and Passage of the County of Los Angeles Ordinance on Tobacco Retailer and Business Licenses to Ban Flavored Tobacco Products in Part As a Response to the Vaping Epidemic

In light of the recent vaping epidemic that has resulted in &gt;2,500 hospitalized cases of e‐cigarette, or vaping, product use‐associated lung injury and 55 deaths nationally, a number of local jurisdictions have sought to enact legal remedies or policies to further regulate the sales of tobacco products, especially those that are flavored (appealing to youth). The present project describes Los Angeles’ experience with developing and passing a flavor ban for unincorporated Los Angeles County (LAC).On October 1, 2019, the County of Los Angeles Board of Supervisors approved an ordinance that: (1) created restrictions on retail sales of all tobacco products, including e‐cigarettes and other vape devices, and (2) a new business license requirement for tobacco and vape only stores. These new requirements apply to over 700 tobacco retailers locally in unincorporated LAC. The ordinance strengthens the County’s existing Tobacco Retail License (TRL) program to include new or updated provisions: prohibiting the sale of all tobacco products in pharmacies; requiring a tobacco retail license to sale electronic smoking/vaping devices and accessories; and prohibiting the sale of all flavored tobacco products including menthol cigarettes, flavored vaping liquids, and flavored hookah. The ordinance also updated the definition of tobacco products to include e‐cigarettes/vaping devices. Although the policy (law) became effective on November 1, 2019, retailers have until May 1, 2020, to come into compliance.Youth and young adults (&lt;25 years of age) in LAC. The unincorporated area of the county is home to ~1 million people.The County ordinance was a result of yearlong effort that started with a motion by the second Supervisorial District for the Department of Public Health to work with County Counsel, Treasurer and Tax Collector, and Regional Planning to develop a policy for addressing “nuisance” tobacco shops. The nuisance problem was brought to the attention of the Supervisor’s office by a community‐based organization in South LA. The intradepartmental workgroup developed recommendations to bring the County’s TRL up to best public health practice standards. As part of this effort, Public Health and other departments were asked to conduct community and stakeholder outreach and education and to help draft up the proposed regulations. The engagement process included 6 informational sessions, a webinar, and a retailer survey. When the ordinance was heard the Board of Supervisors meeting in September 2019, there were nearly 400 people signed up for public comment.The vaping epidemic helped rally County authorities to develop and pass a tobacco ordinance that addressed one of the key factors that promote e‐cigarette use—flavored products. The policy process, while somewhat lengthy, was highly meaningful, leveraging political will, community support, and data to achieve its passage.Policies can have enormous impact on health behavior change, especially those associated with tobacco use. It is a critical strategy that complements traditional health education and clinical care. The Los Angeles experience showed its utility as part of a response to the current vaping epidemic.State Funding.

Randomised clinical trial of a motivational interviewing intervention to improve oral health education amongst older adults in Philadelphia: 12-month evaluation of non-clinical outcomes.

We conducted a trial to assess the treatment fidelity of an individual-based oral health education intervention utilising motivational interviewing (MI) techniques and its efficacy when compared to a group-based traditional oral health education intervention (TOHE) and a standard of care group (SC) in a sample from Philadelphia during a 12-month follow-up. There is lack of information on how different types of oral health educational interventions affect older adults on non-clinical outcomes including changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), oral health self-efficacy (SE) and oral health knowledge (OHK). One hundred and eighty patients were randomly allocated to TOHE, MI and SC groups. Treatment fidelity was measured in 16 non-study patients. The MI intervention was administered by a public health dental hygienist (PHDH). All interviews were audio-recorded and coded by an expert using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) Code. Multivariable longitudinal regression analyses accounting for baseline demographics and correlated errors due to repeated measures via generalised estimating equation were conducted following an intention to treat approach. Over the 1-year follow-up, SE and OHRQoL scores significantly improved amongst the MI group whereas both outcomes worsened amongst the SC group. During the same period, SE and OHRQoL did not change in the TOHE group. Findings from the study support the fidelity of this intervention and the improvement of all non-clinical outcomes after 12months amongst the MI group.