Traditional Governance Systems Research Articles

преступлеЕВРОПЕЙСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА АВСТРИИ И ГЕРМАНИИ: МЕЖДУ ПРАГМАТИЗМОМ И ПРАВЫМ ПОПУЛИЗМОМ

The article deals with problems of integration of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPO) and the “Alternative for Germany” Party (AfD) into the European system of parliamentarism and state governance. The analysis of the FPO participation in the Austrian government and of the AfD in Bundestag makes it possible to determine the degree of influence enjoyed by the right-wing populist parties on the policy in the fields of migration, security, EU defence as well as relations with Russia. The author has arrived at the conclusion that alliances between the conservatives and social democrats both in Austria and Germany are polarizing society, facilitate the strengthening of right-wing populists and the establishment of new nationalist-type parties. Particular attention is paid to the attempts taken by the right-wing populists in Austria and Germany to make an image of respectable parties with a pragmatic approach to the solution of topical problems. In so doing, public opinion is dangerously getting used to the incorporation of the right-wing populists in the traditional European system of governance. During the time preceding the 2019 elections to the European Parliament, the democratic parties stand a chance to mobilize the intellectual potential and human resources in order to counteract the right-wing forces. At the same time, the unpredictable character of the present international situation narrows down the potentialities for having a verified forecast of the consequences of confrontation between the pragmatism of traditional parties and their right-wing opponents. Moscow has been displaying a pragmatic approach to cooperation with the government of Austria, just like Berlin is appraising the work by the ministers of Chancellor S. Kurz on concrete issues. The experience of the AfD must not give illusions concerning its generally benign attitude to Russia. Parties in Germany, except the Left Party and a section of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, have supplied a different interpretation even to W. Brandt’s “Eastern” policy by asserting claims to Moscow.&nbsp

De dynamiek van slimme sturing voor de verduurzaming van handelsketens

Traditional state-centered governance systems have failed to effectively tackle the transnational problem of the sustainability of global value chains (GVCs). To fill this ‘institutional void’, industry and NGOs established a series of global partnerships that designed standards and certification schemes for global commodities. This paper uses different theoretical lenses to address the question as to what extent these arrangements can be evaluated as smart, and for what and for whom they are smart? Despite their relative success, these partnerships face some serious challenges. Consequently, smart governance also requires adaptiveness and the prevention of path dependencies.

A Brief Introduction to the Eeyou Traditional System of Governance of Hunting Territories (Traditional Eeyou Indoh-hoh Istchee Governance)

A Brief Introduction to the Eeyou Traditional System of Governance of Hunting Territories (Traditional Eeyou Indoh-hoh Istchee Governance)

THE DYNAMICS OF GENDER ROLES AND CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF AFRICAN WOMEN’S DESIRE TO PARTICIPATE IN MODERN POLITICS

Until recently the African woman was invisible in the modern political context. Even though the trend is changing, women remain marginal in active politics. One wonders if cultural and ideological interests that privilege male representations inform women’s non-participation in politics. Thus, the rise of women in African politics continues to struggle with patriarchal structures that seek to relegate them to the realm of only economic production and reproduction. The 21st century quest to liberate women in Africa stimulates a discussion that would clarify the position of the modern African woman, among other things, in a challenging male bias society in the construction of an inclusive political system as well as rethinking and positioning women to fully participate in the governance of Africa. This paper seeks to explore the historical perspective and kindred factors that have consciously or inadvertently excluded African women in modern politics. Attempt would also be made to recapture women’s contributions to African traditional system of government and how those support systems could be transferred to modern political structure to advance appropriate and responsible governance for Africa.

Character Education Values in the Traditional Government System of Pulau Tengah Society, Kerinci: Between Local and Islamic Traditions

This study aimed to describe the traditional goverment system which prevailed in the society of Pulau Tengah, Danau Kerinci district, Kerinci regency, Jambi Province, especially aimed to identify the character education values in the govermental system. The method used in this study was a qualitative method with an ethnography approach. The data were obtained from the observation, interview, and documents. The participants were the customary leaders, village government leaders, religious leaders, and community leaders. Data were analyzed through looking at (1) domain analysis, (2) taxonomy analysis, and (3) cultural theme analysis. The results of the study found that there were some character education values in the traditional goverment system of Pulau Tengah society based on the customary law of basendi syarak, syarak basendi Kitabullah. The character education values found were honest, responsibility, trust, determined (istiqamah), fair and deliberation which are reflected in three salient themes that emerged in this research, namely, election, appointment and inauguration, and challenges or prohibitions for officers.

Consultant social design, austerity and citizenry

Social design has emerged as a broad set of designerly approaches to societal challenges. With falling public sector budgets and failing economies, social design, as carried through professional, consultant practices rather than in its voluntarist or activist modes, is understood to work as a smart, fast way of seeing us through these. Outsourcing, Outcome-Based Budgeting and the stirring up of traditional governance systems and responsibilities each contribute to a more varied and less permanent design landscape to work in, however. These are met by a set of design methods to researching, generating and realising new ways to configure and deliver services. This paper takes a critical view that asks whether consultant social design really is ‘social’ or whether, instead, it conspires, in its methods and in the contexts it is active in, towards the opposite.

Assessment of governance principles application in forest protected areas: the case of six state forests in western Zimbabwe

The governance of forest protected areas has become topical in recent years due to the realization that good governance has potential to improve conservation outcomes. Forest governance can be investigated and appropriately treated on the basis of a thorough understanding of local and national history. Understanding the application of governance principles in history and their impact on forest condition can offer insights into current and future governance arrangements that can foster sustainable forest conservation. Using historical information from published works, grey literature and interviews the study analyzed the application of seven governance principles between 1920 and 2005 for six forests in western Zimbabwe and their corresponding forest condition outcomes. Results show that governance quality was high during the pre-colonial period, deteriorated with the inception of the colonial system and remained poor after attainment of independence in 1980. Forest condition also varied in tandem with governance variations showing a positive relationship between the two variables. Participation in decision making, fairness in sharing benefits and effective rule enforcement were reported to be most critical to earn local communities' support and improve forest condition. The challenges of revitalizing traditional governance systems under contemporary conditions, the folly of the colonial centralized governance system and the prospects of implementing collaborative governance arrangements under the prevailing socio-economic and legislative environment were highlighted. The paper concluded that appropriate application of good governance principles at the forest level has potential to achieve the purpose of establishing forest protected areas.

Piloting participatory smartphone mapping of intertidal fishing grounds and resources in northern Mozambique: Opportunities and future directions

The participation of local communities in marine resource management can contribute to the sustainability and longevity of marine resources across diverse coastal settings. In contexts where there are low levels of formal education and high levels of illiteracy, and where marine resource management is governed predominantly by customary management systems, the introduction of formal marine resource management can be challenging. Maps are often required as the basis for spatial marine management measures, effective spatially-explicit fisheries monitoring, and for formal support from fisheries authorities. Our research with local women reef gleaners of Cabo Delgado, in northern Mozambique, pilots the potential uses of smartphones and digital mapping as a tool to allow fishers to map these understudied intertidal fishing grounds, and to understand the ecological dynamics as well as social uses of the intertidal resources. Even though women are key food and income providers through intertidal resource gleaning in this area of Mozambique, they have limited roles in fisheries management decision making. Therefore, we developed a participatory approach to mapping that could act as an entry point for their involvement in the design of a spatial fisheries management plan and associated community monitoring. Fisherwomen were trained to use smartphones with CyberTracker software for mapping intertidal fishing grounds in their village, and the locations of intertidal resources most important to their livelihoods, including octopus, pen shells and oysters. Interviews and focus groups were conducted throughout the mapping process to ascertain women's use and interest in the technology. We conclude that community-based mapping through simple tools as developed in this research can help connect local community groups, bridge traditional and formal governance systems and provide a positive example of co-management in practice.

Graph Based Data Governance Model for Real Time Data Ingestion

Data governance is one of the strongest pillars in Data management program which goes hand in hand with data quality. In industrial Data Lake huge amount of unstructured data is getting ingested at high velocity from different source systems. Similarly, through multiple channels of data are getting queried and transformed from Data Lake. Based on 3Vs of big data it’s a real challenge to set up a rule based on traditional data governance system for an Enterprise. In today’s world governance on semi structured or unstructured data on Industrial Data Lake is a real issue to the Enterprise in terms of query, create, maintain and storage effectively and secured way. On the other hand different stakeholders i.e. Business, IT and Policy team want to visualize the same data in different view to analyze, imposes constraints, and to place effective workflow mechanism for approval to the policy makers. In this paper author proposed property graph based governance architecture and process model so that real time unstructured data can effectively govern, visualize, manage and queried from Industrial Data Lake.

Corporate Governance Models and Practices in Japan and East Asia: Proceedings of a Panel Discussion

Despite general interest in the economic rise of Asia and in the role of law in the development of the region, the literature on comparative corporate governance in Asia is surprisingly undeveloped with respect to in-depth comparisons among Asian countries. In particular, it should be both valuable and feasible to compare and contrast corporate governance systems and practices among countries in East Asia, in light of Japan’s historical influence and more recent divergences from that influence. At a recent conference sponsored by Waseda University, a distinguished group of corporate law scholars from Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China engaged in a broad-ranging panel discussion centering on the question of the operation and reform of traditional stakeholder-oriented corporate governance systems featuring concentrated ownership and a board of directors involved in day-to- day management against the need to account for greater monitoring of management on behalf of shareholders. For example, the panelists agreed that the traditional internal corporate auditors (or kansayaku in Japanese) have not appeared to operate effectively in monitoring management, and to some extent they should be supplemented or replaced by outside directors. However, the scope and pace of such change varies considerably among countries in East Asia, and skepticism remains about the effectiveness of outside directors. The panel discussion highlighted both the challenges and significant potential rewards for greater scholarly collaboration in making cross-Asian comparisons in the field of corporate governance.

The Future of Global Governance: Fragmentation May Be Inevitable and Creative

Does global governance have future? What kind of future? Far reaching changes to architecture of global governance, especially emergence of new actors, agents, and forms of governance, make these questions moot and timely. The big multilateral around which postwar system of global governance was initially anchored are no longer only game or actors in global governance. The of global governance entails emergence of a patchwork of international that are different in their character (organizations, regimes, and implicit norms), their constituencies (public and private), their spatial scope (from bilateral to global), and their subject matter (from specific policy fields to universal concerns). (1) There has been proliferation of regional and plurilateral arrangements, initiatives led by private sector and transnational social movements, and various forms of partnership involving government, private, and civil society actors. Their effects are especially felt on prominence, authority, and legitimacy of global multilateral that have been bedrock of postwar global governance system. This has produced confusion, uncertainty, and anxiety over future of global governance among its traditional advocates. At most optimistic end, some see this fragmentation as producing suboptimal or good enough global governance. (2) Others view it in starkly negative terms. Daniel Plesch and Thomas Weiss lament the global sprawl of networks and informal institutions as serious challenge to postwar big multilaterals, especially UN, that need strengthening. They warn of dangers of a misplaced enthusiasm for ad hoc and informal pluralism rather than for more formal and systematic multilateralism, without which and their citizens will not reap benefits of trade and globalization, discover nonviolent ways to meet security challenges, or address environmental degradation. (3) Such debate is healthy. But dominated as it is by scholars and policymakers from West, it also masks quintessential Western anxiety about future of liberal international order. After all, traditional system of global governance led by big Western powers and big multilaterals suited power and purpose of United States and West. A fragmented system of global governance means more pluralization and erosion of dominance of US and Western governments of that order. I argue that fragmentation is inevitable and may even be creative because it reflects broader forces of change in world politics. To elaborate, world today is culturally and politically diverse, yet more interconnected and interdependent. Its main players--both makers and breakers of order--are not just states and great powers but also international and regional bodies, nonstate groups, corporations, and people's movements and networks. Challenges to security and well-being of states and societies defy national boundaries. These changes not only challenge era of big multilaterals, they also do not fit traditional description of world. The notion of multipolarity is outdated. It was basically derived from pre-World War II Europe and connoted geopolitical centrality of Western great powers. Today, actors in world politics are much more varied. Moreover, nature of interdependence is more broad based. Interdependence during prewar European multipolar system was largely trade based and eurocentric. The rest of world was actually in relationship of dependence with Europe. Today, interdependence is global, complex, and broad based, comprising not only trade but also finance and production networks. Furthermore, interdependence today is not just an economic phenomenon. The various issue areas that are central to global governance today--such as climate change, refugee flows, pandemics, and human rights abuses--are precisely what add scope, depth, and complexity to nature of global interdependence. …

Capital social, confiance et développement territorial. Une étude appliquée en Kabylie

Des organisations informelles sont creees en l’absence d’institutions formelles fortes ou en cas de manque de confiance dans les institutions. Le capital social structurel civil, comme par exemple le systeme de gouvernance traditionnel des villages kabyles, peut alors se substituer au capital social structurel gouvernemental. Le mode d’organisation traditionnel kabyle, fonde sur un certain nombre de valeurs (democratie, entraide…), privilegie les liens de type bonding qui caracterisent des relations communautaires. Mais, cet etat de fait ne pourrait-il pas tendre vers un renfermement communautaire qui pourrait avoir un impact negatif sur la dynamique territoriale ? Nous montrons, a l’aide d’une enquete exploratoire qualitative, que ce n’est pas le cas en Kabylie.

SPECIFICS OF QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN MEDIUM-SIZED COMPANIES WITH STATE PARTICIPATION

The aim of the study is to identify the specific characteristics of companies with state participation, relating to medium-sized companies, and their reflection during assessment of corporate governance quality in preparation for the long-term development programs for public companies, the share of the Russian Federation in the authorized capital in the aggregate more than fifty per cent. Actualization of the goal set in this publication is that the typical structure of corporate governance of large corporations is of little use for small and medium-sized companies because of their significant features. It occurs sort of collision: the corporate governance system in mid-sized companies can not be possesses a fundamental corporate governance of large corporations, but it should be oriented towards the development and improvement. After all, only the use of basic standards, elements and tools of traditional corporate governance systems allows to build robust governance structure to medium-sized businesses.The article discusses specific features of corporate governance and to assess its quality with regard to medium-sized companies with state participation. Spells out interests of stakeholders associated with the company. The problems of corporate governance in the midmarket companies with 100% state package are analyzed. We consider the practical experience of evaluating the quality of corporate governance for the purposes of long-term development of the company and strategic management. Consideration characteristics companies with state participation, belonging to medium-sized businesses, during of corporate governance quality assessment in them will expand methodological assessment base and can be used in the practice of taking effective managerial decisions.

Comparative Corporate Governance: Old and New

The most fundamental comparative corporate governance debates have often focused on two issues. The first one concerns ownership structure: Why are large corporations in some corporate governance system owned by a multitude of disempowered shareholders, thus effectively giving management free rein? Why are corporations typically governed by a controlling shareholder or a coalition of controlling shareholders in other systems? The second issue is the role of other ‘constituencies’ of the corporation besides shareholders, of which labor is most central to the debate. Some jurisdictions explicitly give labor an influential voice in corporate affairs, whereas in others its influence is developed through factual power or unintended consequences of legislation. This chapter explores the interactions between firm ownership and labor, focusing on the United States on the one hand and Continental Europe, particularly Germany, on the other. It distinguishes between ‘old’ and ‘new’ comparative corporate governance, the former referring to the dichotomy studied by scholars of comparative corporate law up to the early 2000s. Recent changes, heralded by intermediated, but widespread share ownership are leading us to a new equilibrium whose contours have only begun to emerge. Over the past decades, outside investors have gained power both in the United States and in Continental Europe. However, neither in the US nor in Continental Europe has the traditional corporate governance system been completely superseded by a new one. The US remains to a large extent manager-centric. Continental Europe retains powerful large shareholders, and labor as an independent force has remained more important than in the United States. Outside institutional investors – sometimes from the US – have become a player to be reckoned with, thus adding an additional layer of complexity to the system.

Shenshi 紳士 atau Gentry Cina: Sekilas Sejarah dan Profil Kaum Aristokrat Cina pada Zaman Kekaisaran

<p>In order to comprehend the many aspects of social and cultural historiography of traditional China, it is imperative to recognize who are the main actors. In traditional Chinese society, there is a significant category known as the Chinese gentry, or the shenshi 紳士 in Mandarin. They were known as the Chinese scholar-official class who administered the traditional Chinese dynastic government system since more than two-thousand years ago until the abolishment of the system in 1911. The Chinese gentry emerged from the intellectuals who became officials by going through a special, open-recruited, educational system; a system that enabled every person from any strata in traditional society to enroll. However, their office and titles could not be passed to their offspring through birthright. All ministers, governors, magistrates, intellectuals, poets, men of letters, and also the metropolitan and local informal leaders emerged from this class. Chinese histories in the times of the various dynasties are decorated by the roles and actions of this shenshi.</p>

Democracy and consensus decision-making among the Bemba-speaking people of Zambia: An African theological perspective

This article contributes to a critical assessment of the concept of democracy and consensus decision-making of the Bemba matrilineal governance system as a basis for a democratic model of engagement in African politics from an African theological perspective. It is of the opinion that assessing the concept of democracy by consensus decision-making of the Bemba provides a dialogue between the African traditional governance systems as a viable form of political governance ideal for multi-ethnic countries such as Zambia. This is a pinnacle of the 21st century debate which elaborates the important task of African Christian Theology in the rehabilitation, or renovation process of politics of identity for an authentic governance system with authentic African flavour for African governance systems.

Corporate Governance in Germany: Recent Developments and Challenges

The traditional German corporate governance system has developed against the background of a pay-as-you-go pension system and the consensus-oriented German culture. The system that emerged was characterized by influential banks and bank loans being the main source of outside financing for the corporate sector. However, as the economic and regulatory environment changed over the last 25 years, the corporate sector shifted towards more equity financing, and more generally towards more market-oriented sources of finance. Simultaneously, the banking sector saw major transformations and Germany enacted a series of regulatory initiatives to modernize its corporate governance. As a result, the German corporate governance system developed notably with international and minority shareholder gaining influence at the expense of banks and other insiders. While this development – which is strongly influenced by the Anglo-American governance ideal, but does not simply adopt a market-oriented blueprint – is still ongoing, several open issues with room for improvement remain.

Graph based data governance model for real time data ingestion

Data governance is one of the strongest pillars in Data management program which goes hand in hand with data quality. In industrial Data Lake huge amount of unstructured data is getting ingested at high velocity from different source systems. Similarly, through multiple channels of data are getting queried and transformed from Data Lake. Based on 3Vs of big data it’s a real challenge to set up a rule based on traditional data governance system for an Enterprise. In today’s world governance on semi structured or unstructured data on Industrial Data Lake is a real issue to the Enterprise in terms of query, create, maintain and storage effectively and secured way. On the other hand different stakeholders i.e. Business, IT and Policy team want to visualize the same data in different view to analyze, imposes constraints, and to place effective workflow mechanism for approval to the policy makers. In this paper author proposed property graph based governance architecture and process model so that real time unstructured data can effectively govern, visualize, manage and queried from Industrial Data Lake.

Relativistic complexity, adaptive governance and the intelligence leadership

Abstract Recognizing the inherent strengths and weaknesses of human agents and organizations, as well as changing characteristics and behavior of the interacting agents is the key fundamental to better adaptation, leadership, governance, resilience and sustainability. In all human organizations, the agents are human beings each embedded with an intrinsic intense intelligence source that could easily transform their behavioral schemata. Thus, contradictory to the Newtonian/design paradigm, the group/organizational dynamic of human agents is complex, nonlinear, constantly/continuously changing, and can be unpredictable. In addition, complexity in the human world can be relativistic. Consequently, human agent/organization may perceive certain spaces of complexity as spaces of relativistic order – relativistic complexity. In particular, due the presence of the intense mental dimension in humanity – complexity is in the mind of the beholder. In human existence, leadership and governance are spontaneously emerging key requirements – a primary trait for collective survival. Currently, with more knowledge-intensive and participative new agents (self-powered intrinsic leadership) who possess modified beliefs, values, norms, and expectations that are dissimilar from the older generations, governance and leadership need deeper analysis and redefinition. Traditional governance systems in all categories of organization are manifesting their constraint, vulnerability, and incompetency, in particular, incoherency due to new values and cultural pressure, and their associated self-organizing networks – especially informal networks that demand change, a more commonly observed worldwide phenomenon. In this respect, special attend has to be focus on the highly nonlinear relational parameter is beneficial. This study adopts the intelligence mindset that concurrently focuses on intelligence/consciousness-centricity, complexity-centricity, and network-centricity as the new strategic path towards better adaptive governance and the new leadership. It concentrates on the self-powered agents that are also intrinsic leaders/actors. The new intelligence leadership focal point include nurturing intense collective intelligence (more actors), the critical ability of self-organizing communications, immersion of leadership nodes in networks/clusters (including e-governance), increasing coherency of complex networks (interdependency of network of networks, network management), exploiting selected spaces of complexity (complexity management), and intelligence-driven self-transcending constructions that better facilitates emergence through ‘multi-lateral’ dynamics (minimizing ‘direct’ governance). This intelligence governance strategy emphasizes that mass lateral collectivity rather than selective enforced hierarchical empowerment is the more effective approach in the present contact. Fundamentally, optimizing the ‘everybody is in charge’ phenomenon frequently is a more viable option.

The Right to Information Act: Ten Years of Transparency or a Decade of Ambiguity

The Right to Information Act passed in 2005 provided a ray of hope for common people as it promises transparency and accountability in governance and captured the imagination of masses soon. The law has a potential to be a crucial catalyst in challenging the power equation between the common masses and the ruling classes besides curtailing corruption. The object to create this Act was to serve a larger public interest to question the age old hierarchical traditional system of governance and to strengthen foundation for a true participatory democracy. However, the assessment of ten years of its implementation reveals that many promises remain unfulfilled. The law has failed to benefit citizens as recently the bureaucratic apparatus is creating hurdles in its smooth implementation. Instead of empowering citizens, the law has been operated in a manner to exclude majority of populace. The widening polarity between the givers and the receivers of information is creating a hindrance in smooth functioning of democracy. The RTI (Right to Information) is rather gradually becoming an OTI (Obstruction to Information) where the giver of the information no longer is willingly parting the required information rather the giver is trying to utilize all the armaments to prevent sharing the same. What is being shared is propaganda where partial information is shared to influence the audiences by selectively presenting the facts to produce emotional rather than the rational response to the political or a social situation. In the age of information and technology, when the usable, relevant and timely information should be proactively disclosed by the public authorities, often they end up denying transparency and accountability by withholding the required pertinent information. The usability from the perspective of the information seeker is often lacking and RTI has failed to become a user friendly law. The backlash against RTI by government and judiciary is further hampering the citizen’s fundamental right to know. To counter such denial and hostility by the bureaucratic machinery, the civil society and citizens have to find innovative ways and means so that RTI truly serves the purpose of ending corruption and facilitate better governance.