Traditional Forms Research Articles

Laboratorium zmian. Edukacja projektowa w obliczu sztucznej inteligencji

The development of generative AI brings new challenges, which could result in total redefinition of design education and practice alike. The article shortly describes the evolution of design over the recent 15 years. It demonstrates how UX and related areas have risen in importance, which made many persons dealing with the more traditional forms of design acquire new skills, including business ones. Next, it refers this “evolution” to the current moment, when the development and increase in AI use forces designers to, once again, re-evaluate their competenggcy in this context. The text also proposes a thesis that the long-term designers’ engagement in building the foundation of technological status quo does not translate into reflection on the variants of automation conductive of life and well-being. It draws attention to the fact that shaping educational programmes in response to the market needs limits the possibilities of appropriate consideration of other prospective variants of technology or social and economic consequences of automation. In parallel, it indicates the potential of change in this situation, which should be commenced by asking adequate, bold questions and challenging the status quo. Keywords: design education, design critique, evolution of design practice, automation, artificial intelligence (AI)

The Role of Fairness for Accepting Stricter Carbon Taxes in Sweden

Carbon taxes are considered to be an efficient method to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; however, such taxes are generally unpopular, partly because they are seen as unfair. To explore if public acceptance of a stricter carbon tax in Sweden can be enhanced, this study investigates the effectiveness of three different policy designs, addressing collective and personal distributional consequences and promoting procedural aspects (democratic influence). A large-scale (n = 5200) survey is applied, combining a traditional multi-category answer format with a binary choice format. The results show that support for higher carbon taxation can be enhanced if tax revenues are redistributed to affected groups. Policies with collective justice framings can change the attitudes of individuals who express antagonistic attitudes to increased carbon taxation and influence groups comparably more affected by carbon taxes, such as rural residents, low-income groups, and people who are driving long distances. Policy designs addressing collective distributional consequences are, however, less effective on individuals expressing right-leaning ideological views and low environmental concern. Policies addressing personal distributional outcomes, or perceptions of procedural injustice, had no significant effect on policy acceptance.

Воспитательный потенциал театральной деятельности в формировании личности ребенка

The research aims to summarize and systematize information about the educational potential of theatrical activity in shaping the child’s personality. The article highlights the most effective and readily applicable methods of theatrical pedagogy that have a personality-shaping property, as well as techniques that possess educational and developmental functions. Theatrical activity is considered as a tool for the spiritual-moral, social-cultural, and artistic-aesthetic upbringing of the individual. Its advantages compared to traditional forms of educational work are: its spectacle and aesthetic appeal; emotionality and the possibility of experiencing catharsis; the syncretism of educational and developmental components; its interactive nature; and the variety of techniques and technologies used. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that theatrical activity fully meets the age-related needs of children and adolescents, has a high capacity for adaptation, making it possible to use it within classroom and extracurricular activities. The educational potential of theatrical activity is high; it contributes to the full and harmonious formation and development of the child’s personality.

The diagnostic challenge of differentiating Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis (TMS) from other brain lesions: a case report and literature review on a rare subtype of MS

Introduction and Importance: This case report is a clinical diagnosis walk through of a rare subtype of Multiple sclerosis (MS). It gives an overview of how Tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS) is systematically narrowed down as the definitive diagnosis. Case Presentation: Our 29 year old male patient presented to the emergency department. He collapsed after experiencing pain over his right frontotemporal region followed by a seizure witnessed by his family. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brain displayed a diffuse enlargement and abnormal T2 weighted and FLAIR hyperintense signals in the diagnostic impressions described by the radiologist of the right temporoparietal region. Clinical Discussion: Liquefactive Multiple Sclerosis, also known as tumefactive multiple sclerosis or Marburg-type multiple sclerosis, is a rare subtype of the neurological disorder that can be difficult to diagnose. Unlike the traditional form of Multiple sclerosis (MS), Tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS) can present as a brain tumor and must be diagnosed with a biopsy rather than via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical findings alone. Patients can typically present with headache, cognitive abnormalities, mental confusion, aphasia, apraxia, seizures, and weakness. Here, we discuss the presentation, disease diagnosis process and patient management. Conclusion: The patient was stabilized and discharged with a referral to the neurosurgery and neurology departments for outpatient consultation for future clinical management and treatment of their condition.

Threats to cycad biocultural heritage in the Amami Islands, Japan

AbstractThis article details the significance of Cycas revoluta in the cultural ecology of the Amami Islands, Japan. Although this plant was never domesticated, multiple lines of evidence elucidate a long history of its alimentary, ethnoecological, and symbolic saliency within Amami culture. Despite this fact, Amami cycad culture remains understudied and virtually unknown outside of Japan. This article summarizes previous and current research on the social roles and environmental significance of C. revoluta in the Amami Islands, with a specific focus on current threats to these plants and the cultural ecologies that surround them, including the ongoing biological invasion by the cycad aulacaspis scale. In doing so, the article seeks to highlight a unique form of biocultural heritage and ancestral cultural traditions that are in danger of being lost. It concludes with brief observations on potential avenues for future research that can both foment interest in and promote the holistic conservation of Amami cycad culture.

Трансформация подходов к исследованию идентичности и культурной идентичности в конце ХХ – начале ХХI столетий: тенденции и перспективы

This article examines the role of cultural identity policy as a tool for institutionalizing established values, beliefs, and means of sustenance in the structure of cultural identity. It is emphasized that the works of classical scholars of the 20th century address the issue of cultural identity in the context of fundamental theories of personality, motivation, needs, determinisms, and more. In contrast, research conducted in the first quarter of the 21st century exhibits a continuity of these foundational themes. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the transformation of theoretical and methodological approaches is manifested in the reception of the issue of cultural identity-as a conceptual, social, and historical product that is created by individuals and society through processes of joint activity, and that is continually negotiated and modified under the influence of cultural policies and means of their institutionalization. Using research findings as a case study, the article illustrates how the government forms the cultural identity of populations: it instills norms, defines parameters of consciousness, and influences living practices and traditional forms of behavior. However, the intensity of such influence varies significantly. Based on a description of different types of cultural hybridity, the article identifies and represents corresponding types of identity-strong and weak-that manifest in conditions of intercultural communication.

A spatial syntactic analysis of temple cultural heritage settlements on the western Sichuan plateau of China

The protection and development of the cultural heritage of temple settlements, the utilization of cultural resources, and the inheritance of settlement characteristics are pressing issues that require urgent attention. To address these challenges, this study employs the spatial syntax research method to delve into the spatial form of the cultural heritage of temple settlements on the western Sichuan plateau. Specifically, the study focuses on four distinct settlement types in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China: Baiyu Temple, Ganzi Temple, Dongga Temple, and Gesang Temple. Using Depthmap software, the study quantifies settlement parameter values and analyzes connection value, integration degree, and comprehensibility, to reveal their syntactic structural characteristics. Our findings indicate that these four temple settlements present an organic whole in terms of spatial form. However, there are distinct differences in their syntactic structures, which are closely linked to factors such as settlement scale, historical inheritance, and other contextual influences. Based on our spatial syntax analysis, the study proposes a series of protective measures and development strategies. First, emphasis should be placed on preserving the overall spatial layout and organic integrity of temple settlements to prevent overdevelopment and the disruption of original patterns. Second, planners must strengthen the protection and management of internal spatial elements to maintain their interrelationships. Finally, planners should formulate differentiated protection and development plans tailored to the unique characteristics and values of each temple settlement type. While the study focuses on traditional settlement spatial forms and their relationship with human behavior, further exploration is needed to investigate the impact of political, economic, and environmental factors on these forms.

Does job gamification perception promote the job involvement of gig workers? The role of cognitive assessment and overwork—evidence from Chinese delivery platforms

PurposeThis paper takes the gig workers in Chinese delivery platform as the research object and adopts a questionnaire survey to explore the complex influence of job gamification perception on the job involvement of gig workers, via the mediating role of cognitive assessment and moderating role of overwork, in order to provide research and data support for the development of platform gamification.Design/methodology/approachThe study conducted a three-wave online questionnaire survey to obtain 300 final samples from Chinese delivery platforms. Hypotheses were tested hierarchical regression and bootstrap methods.FindingsDrawing on cognitive appraisal theory, we observed an inverted U-shaped relationship of gig workers between job gamification perception and job involvement. The mediating role of cognitive assessment and moderating role of overwork were also considered. Both challenge and threat assessment mediate the relationship between job gamification perception and job involvement. Direct effect of job gamification perception on job involvement and indirect effect of job gamification perception on cognitive assessment are moderated by overwork.Originality/valueIn the past, the research on job gamification mostly focused on the traditional forms of employment, but this study focuses on the new forms of employment and from the perspective of individual self-perception, explores the influence of job gamification perception on the job involvement of gig workers in Chinese delivery platform and investigated the dialectical role of job gamification perception. The findings enrich the literature and theoretical research on job gamification perception and job involvement and provide new references and perspectives for management practice.

Recent Patents and Applications of Nanoemulsion and Nanoemulgel for Topical Drug Delivery

Nanocarriers like nanoemulsions and nanoemulgels have emerged as revolutionary platforms in the realm of topical drug delivery, addressing many limitations of traditional dosage forms. Conventional methods often struggle with challenges such as poor skin penetration, inconsistent drug targeting, and potential local toxicity, which can undermine therapeutic outcomes and patient adherence. Nanoemulsions, with their submicron-sized droplets, offer a promising solution by enhancing the delivery and bioavailability of therapeutic agents, especially those that are poorly soluble. Nanoemulgels further elevate this potential by providing a versatile vehicle for lipophilic drugs, overcoming the limitations of traditional formulations. These advanced formulations not only improve drug penetration through the skin but also expand the range of active compounds viable for clinical use. Their ability to target specific skin regions more effectively reduces adverse reactions and increases therapeutic efficacy. This article delves into the physicochemical properties, preparation techniques, and latest advancements in nanoemulsions and nanoemulgels. By exploring recent clinical trials and patents, the review provides valuable insights into the development and optimization of these cutting-edge topical drug delivery systems, offering a promising avenue for enhancing dermatological treatments and patient outcomes.

Beyond natural language: an ontology-based description of a new Scarabaeus dung beetle from Madagascar (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae).

The dung beetle genus Scarabaeus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae, Scarabaeini), predominantly found in the arid regions of the Old World, includes three endemic species inhabiting the dry ecosystems of western and southern Madagascar. These species are presumed to form a monophyletic clade nested within the African Scarabaeus.Semantic modelling of phenotypes using ontologies represents a transformative approach to species description in biology, making phenotypic data FAIR and computable. The recently developed Phenoscript language enables the creation of semantic, computable species descriptions using a syntax akin to human natural language (NL). However, Phenoscript has not yet been tested as a tool for describing new taxa. In this study, we test the utility of Phenoscript by describing a new species, Scarabaeus (sensu lato) sakalava sp. nov. from Madagascar. The initial description is composed directly in Phenoscript, replacing the traditional natural language format. This Phenoscript description is then translated into a human-readable form using the Phenospy tool for publication purposes. Additionally, the Phenoscript description is converted into an RDF graph, making it understandable by computers using semantic technologies.Scarabaeussakalava sp. nov. is found in western central Madagascar and is closely related to S.viettei (Paulian, 1953) from north-western Madagascar. We provide an updated identification key and distribution map for all Malagasy Scarabaeus and discuss their systematic placement.

Interactive advertising as a new factor of influence on consumer behaviour of youth

The article is devoted to the analysis of interactive advertising as a relatively new factor influencing the consumer behaviour of Moscow youth. The empirical basis of the work are statistical and sociological research data, including the authors’ own research conducted using the methods of mass survey and indepth interview. As the study has showed, the Moscow youth are quite familiar with the interactive advertising, most often encountering it on mobile devices and in gaming applications. The article analyses several types of the interactive advertising, differing in the degree of their impact on the consumer behaviour of young people. The authors come to the conclusion that the most effective in this regard are playable and video advertising placed in mobile device applications. As advantages of the interactive advertising, in comparison with the traditional format, the authors highlight its innovation and playful nature. At the same time, many young Muscovites express a negative attitude towards the interactive advertising, mainly because of its intrusiveness. Moreover, young men demonstrate greater loyalty to this format of advertising influence in comparison with young ladies. The authors come to the conclusion that, despite the noted shortcomings, the interactive advertising has great potential for development in modern society.

Decoding didactic discourse strategies in digital posters

The research paper explores the critical role of didactic discourse in educational settings, with a specific focus on digital environments. It elucidates the fundamental elements of digital didactic discourse, encompassing clear communication, structured content organization, engaging features, and accessibility considerations. The paper also delineates the advantages of utilizing digital posters over traditional formats, highlighting their interactivity, dynamic content, and ability to reach a broader audience. A comprehensive analysis of a digital poster on parts of speech serves as a case study to showcase the efficacy of structured content, practical examples, color coding, progression, contextualization, hyperlinks, accessibility features, clarity, scalability, and overall effectiveness in creating an engaging and informative educational resource. The findings underscore the significance of harnessing digital technologies in didactic discourse to elevate learning experiences, foster better comprehension among learners, and cater to diverse learning styles and needs. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on integrating technology into education to optimize pedagogical approaches and enhance educational outcomes.

Lymphatic targeting of cilnidipine by designing and developing a nanostructured lipid carrier drug delivery system

Objective The objective of current research is to design, develop, and optimize a cilnidipine (CLN) nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based drug delivery system for the effective treatment of hypertension (HT). Significance Oral administration of CLN-loaded NLC (CLN NLC) containing glyceryl monostearate (GMS) as a solid and isopropyl myristate (IPM) as a liquid lipid may show remarkable lymphatic uptake through payer patches. Methods The emulsification probe sonication technique was used followed by optimization using 32 factorial designs. Results The optimized batch showed a mean particle size of 115.4 ± 0.22 nm with encapsulation efficiency of 98.32 ± 0.23%, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.342 ± 0.03, and zeta potential (ZP, ζ) was −60.5 ± 0.24 which indicate excellent physical stability. In vitro studies showed a controlled release of CLN NLCs. Pharmacokinetics studies determined the C max of NLCs (373.47 ± 15.1) indicates 2.3-fold enhancement compared with plain drug (160.64 ± 7.63). Pharmacodynamic studies indicated that CLN NLCs were maintaining systolic blood pressure in a controlled manner without any signs of side effects. Conclusion CLN NLCs significantly improved lymphatic delivery and proved to be effective in the treatment and management of HT. It has been proved that CLN NLCs are found to be better than any traditional CLN dosage form due to enhancement in solubility, absorption, bioavailability, intestinal permeability, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, P-glycoprotein efflux and reduction in dose-related side effects, achievement of controlled and sustained release action.

Describing the indescribable: how Denise Riley’s “A Part Song” enables readers to encounter her trauma

ABSTRACT The poetry of trauma can be especially difficult to read if it is written by a mother who has lost a child. Society has expectations of the grieving mother that involve stoicism and silence. Readers may also be apprehensive about the emotional difficulty of reading such harrowing work. Denise Riley's poetry sequence, “A Part Song”, writes away from the authorial self in a combination of lyrical, free verse, and traditional and innovative forms. Using the framework of the “simulation theory” in “How poetry evokes emotions” (Johnson-Laird & Oatley, 2022. Acta Psychologica, 224, 103506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103506), the author identifies certain prosodic effects in Riley’s work and examines the connections between them, the complex emotions they evoke, and how they enable the reader to safely encounter such profoundly moving subject matter.

The impact of urban form on the energy efficiency of residential buildings in a hot climate. Case study: Ouargla city

Urban development is intensifying significantly in cities, mainly due to rapid population growth. However, this development is accompanied by increased vulnerability to climate change, leading to higher energy consumption. This energy demand is even more pronounced in hot climates, where temperatures are very high during the summer season. The Algerian Sahara is no exception, and is experiencing very accelerated development, which has given rise to the appearance of new urban districts, and different urban characteristics compared to the original core, which constitutes the urban form most adapted to the desert climate and in perfect harmony with the immediate environment. This study attempts to assess the effect of the different urban forms that make up the fabric of the city of Ouargla in south-east Algeria, taken as a case study, on the energy consumption of buildings in a hot climate. This research adopts a mixed approach to evaluate the energy consumption of three buildings located in three neighbourhoods with different urban characteristics. A quantitative estimate of the energy consumed for cooling during the summer season for the three typical buildings selected was simulated using DesignBuilder software, taking into account the city’s specific climatic data, as well as the urban characteristics of the three neighbourhoods selected for the study. As a result, this evaluation covers both the architectural and urban scales. For the qualitative assessment, a field survey was carried out using questionnaires to assess the quality of thermal comfort outside neighbourhoods and its impact on building interiors, and consequently on energy consumption. The results indicate the significant effect of urban form on energy consumption, confirming that the traditional form is the most appropriate to achieve better energy efficiency in a hot climate. Therefore, the research recommends taking into account various influential factors and applying design strategies, regarding urban form, from the first stage of the design process.

Odissi on Screen: A Meditation on Regional Television

This article aims to interrogate the role of the television screen in creating, re-creating, disseminating, and deconstructing the dancing body. It presents a study of the contemporary landscape of odissi dance, a nationally recognized Indian traditional art form from the eastern Indian state of Odisha, through its on-screen representation. As an odissi soloist, I register, analyze, and interpret screenic data, mainly televised interviews of dancers, live telecasts of dance festivals in Odisha, and performances recorded for the camera in the studios. I focus on content primarily broadcast on the state-owned satellite channel broadcasting in Odia, the official language in Odisha. My position is of a Sahrdaya, an observer tutored in the codes and conventions of the art form and critically responsive to the structure of emotion in the presentation. I locate the dancing body across discursive, disseminative, and choreographic renditions. This subjective positioning, I argue, democratizes the expressive ethos of odissi embodiment. Commenting on the contemporary curation of the dancing body by the state network, this essay brings larger questions around the representation of gender, sexuality, caste, and regionalism on the television screen.

Reflection of the war in Ukraine in Polish media: general overview

In the article it is analyzed how the Polish media cover the full-scale war in Ukraine, in particularly different information strategies and approaches. There are considered the main themes, accents and trends, which dominate the Polish mass media, as well as possible influence of media coverage on the public opinion in Poland. The main aim of the study was to provide an analysis of how Polish media highlighted and continue to cover full-scale war in Ukraine. The research tasks firstly lied in the research and review of source base, in particular processing scientific works Ukrainian and foreign researchers on the topic of coverage the war in Ukraine by Polish media. Secondly, it was important to highlight the most popular Polish media and to provide review of content of their materials that concerned on Ukraine. Finally, it was provided a comparative genre- thematic analysis of coverage of publications about Ukraine in Polish media, with separation key narratives and trends. Analysis covers both traditional and online media formats, while evaluating their role in formation of public opinion as well as political moods. New genre formats were considered, in particular those which appeared in the Polish media after full-scale invasion of Russia to Ukraine. Also thematic accents in Polish media are highlighted. In the article there are emphasized those media approaches which can influence on polish perception of war in Ukraine. Moreover, it is examined what social and political consequences it may have. The separate attention is assigned to the impact of the media coverage on the informational, political, economic and diplomatic relations between Poland and Ukraine. The conclusion presents reflections on the possible scenarios of development media coverage of war in Ukraine in the future and it`s potential influence on Polish society and international politics.

Ethics in Clinical Research, E-Module Versus Traditional Online Lecture, a Randomized Study

In a biostatistics course on clinical trials, one important topic is human research ethics. In this study, an E-Learning module (e-module) was developed to train students in human research ethics. This interactive e-module provides an overview of the ethical perspectives of conducting clinical research, historical events, Nuremberg Code, three principles of the Belmont Report, and eight ethical requirements to conduct clinical research. Students in a clinical trials course were randomized to the e-module or traditional online lecture and then took a knowledge-based quiz and an optional satisfaction survey. Students indicated that they preferred learning from an e-module and would like additional e-modules added to the course. We found students randomized to the e-module did not perform as well on the knowledge-based quiz compared to those assigned to the traditional online format, however, e-module students were not given a copy of the slides. When the study was repeated in a second cohort, and both groups were given a copy of the slides, the two groups performed similarly on the knowledge-based quiz. This indicates that additional resources, such as the slides, are helpful when implementing an e-module as part of a biostatistics course.

Sprinting to success?: F1 fans’ excitement towards change in sport competition formats

ABSTRACT Driven by an increasing digitalised consumption of leisure, and consumer preferences evolving to favour speed and immediate gratification during consumption, new shorter formats of sport competitions are being introduced. Since 2021 Formula One have been discussing complementing their traditional race format, with alternative shorter formats to re-ignite the excitement of their fans. In this study, we explore the proclaimed excitement of fans towards the three different proposed formats of F1 races through a large-scale survey (N = 2,107), showing in fact negative effects that proposed format changes have on F1 fans’ anticipated excitement. What emerges instead is the importance of the length of fandom in influencing fans’ receptivity to format changes, rather than the generation in which they belong, stressing thus the significance of intra rather than inter-generational exploration of fandom.

The role of administrative courts in ensuring legal security for marriage and family: comments in the context of article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland

The article is devoted to the role of administrative courts in ensuring the legal security of an individual in the area of family law. The aim of the analysis is to demonstrate the guarantee of the preservation by the Polish constitutional legislator of the traditional form of marriage as a union of a woman and a man and the family created on this basis (Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland). The article discusses the essence of legal security and the role of administrative courts in ensuring it, as well as the guarantee nature of the regulations of Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Against this outlined background, the thesis on the inadmissibility of institutionalization of same-sex unions is argued. Problems resulting from the judicial practice of administrative courts related to the transcription of a child's birth certificate are also discussed. The scientific research was conducted by using traditional methods of jurisprudence, primarily the formal-dogmatic method. The linguistic, systemic and teleological interpretation of Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland was applied. The directions of operational interpretation resulting from the case law of administrative courts were discussed. The views found in the literature on the subject (doctrinal interpretation) were taken into account, too. According to the author, the perspective of legal security strengthens the arguments stemming from the linguistic and historical interpretation of Article 18 of the Constitution and allows for a better justification of the inadmissibility of institutionalizing same-sex unions by means of a statute. Such a procedure seems particularly useful in the face of the growing tendencies in the law of other countries to eliminate the traditional form of marriage as a union of a woman and a man.