Traditional Encryption Algorithms Research Articles

Crayfish optimization based pixel selection using block scrambling based encryption for secure cloud computing environment

Cloud Computing (CC) is a fast emerging field that enables consumers to access network resources on-demand. However, ensuring a high level of security in CC environments remains a significant challenge. Traditional encryption algorithms are often inadequate in protecting confidential data, especially digital images, from complex cyberattacks. The increasing reliance on cloud storage and transmission of digital images has made it essential to develop strong security measures to stop unauthorized access and guarantee the integrity of sensitive information. This paper presents a novel Crayfish Optimization based Pixel Selection using Block Scrambling Based Encryption Approach (CFOPS-BSBEA) technique that offers a unique solution to improve security in cloud environments. By integrating steganography and encryption, the CFOPS-BSBEA technique provides a robust approach to secure digital images. Our key contribution lies in the development of a three-stage process that optimally selects pixels for steganography, encodes secret images using Block Scrambling Based Encryption, and embeds them in cover images. The CFOPS-BSBEA technique leverages the strengths of both steganography and encryption to provide a secure and effective approach to digital image protection. The Crayfish Optimization algorithm is used to select the most suitable pixels for steganography, ensuring that the secret image is embedded in a way that minimizes detection. The Block Scrambling Based Encryption algorithm is then used to encode the secret image, providing an additional layer of security. Experimental results show that the CFOPS-BSBEA technique outperforms existing models in terms of security performance. The proposed approach has significant implications for the secure storage and transmission of digital images in cloud environments, and its originality and novelty make it an attractive contribution to the field. Furthermore, the CFOPS-BSBEA technique has the potential to inspire further research in secure cloud computing environments, making the way for the development of more robust and efficient security measures.

Communication security of intelligent information service platform combining AES and ECC algorithms

ABSTRACT The rapid progress of information technology has made the status of information service platforms increasingly prominent in social operations. However, their communication security is also facing unprecedented challenges. In response to the issues of insufficient security and efficiency in traditional encryption algorithms, this study combines advanced encryption standard algorithms with elliptic curve cryptography algorithms to generate encryption key pairs through elliptic curve cryptography algorithms. It utilizes advanced encryption standard algorithms to generate symmetric keys, and then encrypts the keys of the advanced encryption standard using the public key of the elliptic curve cryptography algorithm. Based on this, it implements advanced encryption standard encryption on data and designs a hybrid encryption algorithm. The results showed that the throughput of this method was 4000bit/s, with a delay of 550 m, which is higher than other algorithms, proving its high efficiency in processing data. The average bit change of the ciphertext in the hybrid encryption algorithm was 55.8 bits, with a range of bit changes of [69.3, 82.7], which is significantly higher than other algorithms, proving its high security. The designed algorithm has significant benefits in communication security of information service platforms and plays an important role in promoting the development of future network security defense technology.

Audio encryption framework based on chaotic map and DNA encoding

In this work, an audio encryption framework is proposed based on the chaos theory and DNA encoding. Traditional encryption algorithms designed for text data might not be efficient for handling the bulk data of audio files, leading to slow processing times and increased storage requirements. Striking the right balance between robust encryption and efficient processing is crucial. Additionally, some encryption methods can introduce noise or artifacts into the audio signal, impacting its clarity. Maintaining high-fidelity audio quality while ensuring strong encryption remains an ongoing area of research. Despite these challenges, the need for secure audio communication is undeniable. The RCM chaotic map is used to introduce chaotic properties in the encryption framework. A novel pseudorandom bit generator approach is proposed and used for encryption purposes. The proposed work is a symmetric encryption approach and is completely lossless. The proposed approach uses some lightweight computational procedures that make the algorithm simple and computationally less expensive which makes it suitable for real-time applications. Furthermore, the proposed approach shows significant performance and resilience against various cryptographic attacks. A new scrambling algorithm is proposed to add a layer of security. The proposed scramble algorithm uses logistic map beside the RCM map. The proposed approach achieved 98.28 % NSCR value and 33.63 % UACI values on average. The experimental outcomes are encouraging for practical applications of the proposed approach.

A secured cloud‐medical data sharing with A‐BRSA and Salp ‐Ant Lion Optimisation Algorithm

AbstractSharing medical data among healthcare providers, researchers, and patients is crucial for efficient healthcare services. Cloud‐assisted smart healthcare (s‐healthcare) systems have made it easier to store EHRs effectively. However, the traditional encryption algorithms used to secure this data can be vulnerable to attacks if the encryption key is compromised, posing a security threat. A secured cloud‐based medical data‐sharing system is proposed using a hybrid encryption model called A‐BRSA, which combines attribute‐based encryption (ABE) and B‐RSA encryption. The system utilises the Salp‐Ant Lion Optimisation Algorithm for optimal key selection. The encrypted data is stored in the cloud and transmitted to the recipient, where it is decrypted using A‐BRSA‐based decryption. The study measures turnaround time, encryption time, decryption time, and restoration efficiency to evaluate the system's performance. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the A‐BRSA model in ensuring secure medical data sharing in cloud‐based s‐healthcare systems.

Enhancing IoT data confidentiality and energy efficiency through decision tree-based self-management

Given the widespread deployment of IoT devices characterized by heterogeneity and energy limits, a greater emphasis on IoT data security within IoT environments has become required. This critical situation encouraged the deployment of lightweight encryption solutions to avoid additional attacks. These solutions, which are based on traditional encryption algorithms, are intended to fulfill the demands of resource-constrained devices while maintaining a high security level. In this research, we provide a novel IoT framework that uses lightweight cryptographic ciphers and the Autonomic Computing paradigm to self-manage the security of IoT devices. Our framework is based on a decision tree technique to guarantee the IoT data confidentiality by selecting and changing in an autonomic manner the most appropriate lightweight encryption algorithm to be used in order to improve energy efficiency by extending the lifespan of IoT devices and to provide an adapted security level according to IoT application type and IoT object state.

Application analysis of data encryption technology

Data encryption technology is a key method to secure sensitive data. The privacy and confidentiality of data is protected by encrypting the data, i.e., transforming the original data into a form that cannot be understood without authorization. However, the security of traditional encryption algorithms is gradually challenged with the increase in computing power. Therefore, studying how to apply more advanced encryption techniques has become a current research hotspot. This study aims to analyze the application of data encryption techniques and explore the advantages and applicability of emerging encryption algorithms. This paper presents a variety of methods for preventing users' privacy breaches, with a primary focus on the principles of homomorphic encryption and how data can be accessed by users without decryption. Additionally, the working principles of secure multiparty computation are discussed, allowing multiple users to perform calculations on shared data while preserving data privacy. Furthermore, the paper explores data encryption techniques that employ specific algorithms to convert plaintext into ciphertext, ensuring both data consistency and privacy. Finally, a summary and future prospects are provided.

Security enhancement of cyber-physical system using modified encryption AESGNRSA technique

<span>A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a combination of physical components with computational elements to interact with the physical world. The integration of these two systems has led to an increase in security concerns. Traditional encryption algorithms designed for general-purpose computing environments may not adequately address the distinct challenges of CPS, such as limited processing power, delay, and resource-constrained hardware. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop an encryption algorithm that is optimized for CPS security without compromising the critical real-time aspects of these systems. This research has designed a modified encryption technique named the advanced encryption standard in galois counter mode with nonce and rivest-shamir-adleman algorithm (AESGNRSA). A smart medical system is designed to monitor the health of remotely located patients. The AESGNRSA algorithm is applied to the three servers of this system. The data of 1.5 lakh patients is fed to this system to verify the effectiveness of the AESGNRSA algorithm. The performance parameters like encryption and decryption time, encryption and decryption throughput, and encrypted file size are calculated for the AESGNRSA algorithm. The comparative analysis proved that AESGNRSA has the highest performance as compared to other algorithms and it can protect CPS against many cyber-attacks.</span>

WEB CLOUD WEB-BASED CLOUD STORAGE FOR SECURE DATA SHARING ACROSS PLATFORMS

With more and more data moving to the cloud, privacy of user data have raised great concerns. Client-side encryption/decryption seems to be an attractive solution to protect data security, however, the existing solutions encountered three major challenges: low security due to encryption with low-entropy PIN, inconvenient data sharing with traditional encryption algorithms, and poor usability with dedicated software/plugins that require certain types of terminals. This work designs and implements WebCloud, a practical browser-side encryption solution, leveraging modern Web technologies. It solves all the above three problems while achieves several additional remarkable features: robust and immediate user revocation, fast data processing with offline encryption and outsourced decryption. Notably, our solution works on any device equipped with a Web user agent, including Web browsers, mobile and PC applications. We implement WebCloud based on ownCloud for basic file management utility, and utilize WebAssembly and Web Cryptography API for complex cryptographic operations integration. Finally, comprehensive experiments are conducted with many well-known browsers, Android and PC applications, which indicates that WebCloud is cross-platform and efficient. As an interesting by-product, the design of WebCloud naturally embodies a dedicated and practical ciphertext-policy attribute-based key encapsulation mechanism (CP-ABKEM) scheme, which can be useful in other applications.

Implementation of novel cryptographic technique for enhancing the cipher security for Resilient Infrastructure

Cryptography is a well-known technology for providing confidential data transfer via asymmetric or symmetric algorithms with public or private keys. Secure data transmission over networks using unreliable, untrusted channels is made achievable by cryptography. As a result of the quick digital transition, network traffic is rapidly rising, and consumers remain constantly connected and accessible online. Extortions, including transforming, spoofing, and tracking data through unauthorised access, are quite widespread over the internet. Many more cryptographic algorithms already exist, but they need to be consistently improved and optimized for better performance within the constraints imposed by new technology and a wide variety of application domains. To overcome these limitations, we suggest a novel FishyCurve Cipher technique by combining an elliptic curve-based algorithm (ECA) with a Threefish cipher algorithm (TCA) to improve cipher security and performance, the data will be encrypted using TFCA, and the key will be secured by the EC technique. To verify data integrity, a digital signature algorithm (DSA) is employed. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed FishyCurve Cipher technique, comprehensive experimental tests have been conducted. The results clearly demonstrate its superiority in terms of cipher security when compared to traditional encryption algorithms. Its outstanding resilience against a wide range of attacks makes it a strong method of securing resilience infrastructure from malicious actors who seek to compromise data confidentiality and integrity.

A Secret Key Classification Framework of Symmetric Encryption Algorithm Based on Deep Transfer Learning

The leakage signals, including electromagnetic, energy, time, and temperature, generated during the operation of password devices contain highly correlated key information, which leads to security vulnerabilities. In traditional encryption algorithms, the length of the key greatly affects the upper limit of its security against cracking. Regarding side-channel attacks on long-key algorithms, traditional template attack methods characterize the energy traces using multivariate Gaussian distribution during the template construction phase. The exhaustive key-guessing process is expected to consume a significant amount of time and computational resources. Therefore, to analyze the effectiveness of obtaining key values from the side information of password devices, we propose an innovative attack method based on a divide-and-conquer logical structure, targeting semi-bytes. We construct a collection of key classification submodules with symmetric correlations. By integrating a differential network model for byte-block sets and an end-to-end direct attack method, we form a holistic symmetric decision framework and propose a key classification structure based on deep transfer learning. This structure consists of three main parts: side information data acquisition, analysis of key-value effectiveness, and determination of attack positions. It employs multiple parallel symmetric subnetworks, effectively improving attack efficiency and reducing the key enumeration range. Experimental results show that the optimal attack accuracy of the network model can reach 91%, with an average attack accuracy of 78%. It overcomes overfitting issues under small sample dataset conditions.

A double encryption protection algorithm for stem cell bank privacy data based on improved AES and chaotic encryption technology.

The unique infinite self-renewal ability and multidirectional differentiation potential of stem cells provide a strong support for the clinical treatment. In light of the growing demands for stem cell storage, how to ensure personal privacy security and comply with strict ethical supervision requirements is particularly important. In order to solve the problem of low security of traditional encryption algorithm, we proposed a double encryption protection (DEP) algorithm for stem cell bank privacy data based on improved AES and chaotic encryption technology. Firstly, we presented the hash value key decomposition algorithm, through the hash value dynamic coding, cyclic shift, conversion calculation to get the key of each subsystem in the built algorithm. Secondly, DEP algorithm for privacy data is realized with two level of encryption. The first level of encryption protection algorithm used AES as the main framework, adding dynamic coding and byte filling based on DNA coding, and carries out dynamic shift of rows and simplified mixing of columns. The second level of encryption protection algorithm conducted random encoding, operation, diffusion and decoding based on the results of our proposed sequence conversion algorithm. Finally, we raised two evaluation indexes, the number of characters change rate (NCCR) and the unified average change intensity of text (UACIT) to measure the sensitivity of encryption algorithms to changes in plain information. The experimental results of using DEP shown that the average values of histogram variance, information entropy, NCCR and UACIT are116.7883, 7.6688, 32.52% and 99.67%, respectively. DEP algorithm has a large key space, high key sensitivity, and enables dynamic encryption of private data in stem cell bank. The encryption scheme provided in this study ensures the security of the private information of stem cell bank in private cloud environment, and also provides a new method for the encryption of similar high confidentiality data.

Application of quantum key distribution in intelligent security operation and maintenance of power communication networks

With the continuous development of power communication network and the improvement of intelligent degree, network security and operation and maintenance become more and more important. Therefore, this paper proposes a solution for intelligent security operation and maintenance of power communication network based on Quantum key distribution (QKD). QKD is an encryption technology based on the principle of quantum mechanics, which can realize secure Key exchange and resist attacks of traditional encryption algorithms. We use QKD technology to generate and distribute security keys for protecting communication and data transmission in power communication networks. The results show that the efficiency and accuracy of communication data acquisition, transmission, analysis and processing of the Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations system of the power communication network using the power Internet of Things technology are far higher than that of the traditional operation and maintenance technology, which improves the operation and maintenance accuracy of the power communication network by about 25%. The intelligent operation and maintenance system of the power communication network designed by the author, it effectively improves the communication data processing capability and the reliability of operation and maintenance results, and can meet the current practical engineering application requirements. This study provides an innovative solution for the secure operation and maintenance of power communication networks, which is of great significance for protecting the security and stable operation of power communication networks.

A Quantum-Resistant Blockchain System: A Comparative Analysis

Blockchain transactions are decentralized, secure, and transparent, and they have altered industries. However, the emergence of quantum computing presents a severe security risk to the traditional encryption algorithms used in blockchain. Post-quantum signatures are required to preserve integrity and reliability. Furthermore, combining the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) with blockchain provides a long-term strategy for data storage and sharing. This study investigates the integration of post-quantum signatures with the IPFS in a blockchain system, which can considerably enhance blockchain system efficiency. We increase security and efficiency by recording hash values of signatures and public keys within the blockchain and storing their actual content using the IPFS. The study compares NIST-recommended post-quantum signatures with the ECDSA in a Bitcoin exchange scheme to show how effective the system is in countering quantum threats while maintaining optimal performance. This research makes an important addition to the long-term viability and dependability of blockchain technology in the face of the growing landscape of quantum computing breakthroughs.

Multi-Keyword Searchable Identity-Based Proxy Re-Encryption from Lattices

To protect the privacy of cloud data, encryption before uploading provides a solution. However, searching for target data in ciphertext takes effort. Therefore, searchable encryption has become an important research topic. On the other hand, since the advancement of quantum computers will lead to the crisis of cracking traditional encryption algorithms, it is necessary to design encryption schemes that can resist quantum attacks. Therefore, we propose a multi-keyword searchable identity-based proxy re-encryption scheme from lattices. In addition to resisting quantum attacks, the proposed scheme uses several cryptographic techniques to improve encryption efficiency. First, identity-based encryption is used to reduce the computation and transmission costs caused by certificates. Second, the proposed scheme uses proxy re-encryption to achieve the purpose of outsourced computing, allowing the proxy server to reduce the computation and transmission costs of the users. Third, the proposed multi-keyword searchable encryption can provide AND and OR operators to increase the flexibility of searchability. Moreover, the access structure of the proposed scheme is not based on a linear secret sharing scheme (LSSS), avoiding the errors caused by an LSSS-based structure in decryption or search results. Finally, we also give formal security proof of the proposed scheme under the decisional learning with errors assumption.

Secure Application of MIoT: Privacy-Preserving Solution for Online English Education Platforms

With the increasing demand for higher-quality services, online English education platforms have gained significant attention. However, practical application of the Mobile Internet of Things (MIoT) still faces various challenges, including communication security, availability, scalability, etc. These challenges directly impact the utilization of online English education platforms. The dynamic and evolving nature of the topology characteristics in Mobile Internet of Things networks adds complexity to addressing these issues. To overcome these challenges, we propose a software-defined MIoT model that effectively handles the dynamic and evolving network topology features, thereby enhancing the system’s flexibility and adaptability. Additionally, our model can provide communication security and privacy protection, particularly in emergency situations. In our scheme, the control plane is responsible for computing routes for online learning devices (OLDs) and forward entries for switches. By utilizing the information collected from OLDs and facilities, the controller is able to effectively coordinate the overall system. To ensure the authenticity and reliability of messages sent by OLDs, we have proposed a new signature and authentication mechanism based on traditional encryption algorithms. Moreover, we introduce an emergency-handling system that integrates multicast technology into software-defined MIoT, generating a Steiner Tree among impacted nodes to promptly notify OLDs when there is an emergency. The security analysis proves that our scheme is able to ensure communication security in software-defined MIoT. A performance evaluation indicates that our scheme outperforms other existing schemes.

Client-Side Encryption Based Secure Data Sharing Schemes for Cloud Platforms

Abstract: With more and more data moving to the cloud, privacy of user data have raised great concerns. Client-side encryption/decryption seems to be an attractive solution to protect data security, however, the existing solutions encountered three major challenges: low security due to encryption with low-entropy PIN, inconvenient data sharing with traditional encryption algorithms, and poor usability with dedicated software/plugins that require certain types of terminals. This work designs and implements Web Cloud, a practical browser-side encryption solution, leveraging modern Web technologies. It solves all the above three problems while achieves several additional remarkable features: robust and immediate user revocation, fast data processing with offline encryption and outsourced decryption. Notably, our solution works on any device equipped with a Web user agent, including Web browsers, mobile and PC applications. We implement Web Cloud based on own Cloud for basic file management utility, and utilize Web Assembly and Web Cryptography API for complex cryptographic operations integration. Finally, comprehensive experiments are conducted with many well-known browsers, Android and PC applications, which indicates that WebCloud is cross-platform and efficient. As an interesting by-product, the design of Web Cloud naturally embodies a dedicated and practical ciphertext- policy attribute-based key encapsulation mechanism (CP-AB-KEM) scheme, which can be useful in other applications

A PUF-Based Key Storage Scheme Using Fuzzy Vault

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are considered attractive low-cost security anchors in the key generation scheme. The helper data algorithm is usually used to transform the fuzzy responses extracted from PUF into a reproducible key. The generated key can be used to encrypt secret data in traditional security schemes. In contrast, this work shows that the fuzzy responses of both weak and strong PUFs can be used to secretly store the important data (e.g., the distributed keys) directly by an error-tolerant algorithm, Fuzzy Vault, without the traditional encryption algorithm and helper data scheme. The locking and unlocking methods of our proposal are designed to leverage the feature of weak and strong PUFs relatively. For the strong PUFs, our proposal is a new train of thought about how to leverage the advantage of strong PUFs (exponential number of challenge-response pairs) when used in the field. The evaluation was performed on existing weak PUF and strong PUF designs. The unlocking rate and runtime are tested under different parameters and environments. The test results demonstrate that our proposal can reach a 100% unlocking rate by parameter adjustment with less than 1 second of locking time and a few seconds of unlocking time. Finally, the tradeoff between security, reliability, and overhead of the new proposal is discussed.

A novel image encryption scheme based on elliptic curves and coupled map lattices

The security of digital images has become the main concern due to the rapid rise in the sharing of data over the Internet and open networks. Recently many image cryptosystems are introduced to secretly share data but have some efficiency issues and drawbacks. Couple map lattices (CMLs) chaotic-systems and elliptic curves (ECs) are widely used in cryptography due to their long period and random behavior. A novel and secure image encryption algorithm based on ECs and CMLs is proposed for the real-time transmission of images with the aim to overcome the shortcomings of traditional encryption algorithms. The encryption procedure is mainly divided into two steps. In the first step, EC-based pseudo-random-numbers are used to create diffusion in the plain-image. In the second step, a substitution-box generator based on ECs and CMLs is designed to create confusion in the diffused image. The proposed encryption scheme has a large keyspace and is robust against the brute-force attacks. The use of a CMLs chaotic-system makes the encryption algorithm secure against the known-plaintext attack. The computation time of the newly constructed scheme is very low as it takes only 0.641 s to encrypt an image of size 256×256. The outcome of the experimental and statistical analysis shows that the proposed encryption algorithm is highly secure and can outperform some state-of-the-art schemes.

GENERATION OF PSEUDORANDOM SEQUENCES ON MICROCONTROLLERS WITH LIMITED COMPUTATIONAL RESOURCES, ENTROPY SOURCES, AND STATISTICAL PROPERTIES TESTING

Traditional encryption algorithms cannot be implemented on Internet of Things (IoT) devices due to their constrained computational resources. This necessitates the search and development of cryptographic solutions for securing data processed and transmitted by such devices. When encrypting data on devices with limited computational resources, simple encryption algorithms based on elementary bitwise operations, such as bitwise modulo-2 addition (XOR), can be utilized since these operations execute in a single processor cycle and do not require complex computations. However, a drawback of such operations is their invertibility—knowing the encryption key enables easy decryption by applying the same operation to the ciphertext. Ensuring the reliability of such ciphers requires continuous generation of random encryption keys.This work explores the functionality of the linear congruential method for generating sequences of random numbers. Several entropy sources available on microcontrollers are presented for the initial generator value, along with proposed algorithms for collecting initial data from these sources. The use of noise from unconnected pins of the analog-to-digital converter is suggested as the primary entropy source, while the uninitialized area of the microcontroller’s random-access memory serves as an additional source. A method for generating random sequences using the specified entropy sources is implemented and the algorithm’s performance is evaluated, specifically the key characteristic—randomness of the encryption key. The NIST STS 800-22 test suite is employed for evaluation. In all tests, the random sequence generation algorithm demonstrated results confirming the hypothesis that the sequence can be considered random.

Computer Network Communication Security Encryption System Based on Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

With the increasing number of computer network users, the problem of network communication security has become more and more serious. Encryption technology, as one of the key technologies for securing communication, has important research and application values. However, the security of conventional encryption methods is gradually challenged, and at the same time, traditional encryption algorithms require a large amount of computing resources, which makes it difficult to realize real-time encryption and decryption operations. Therefore, how to improve the confidentiality and efficiency of computer network communication security encryption system has become a current urgent problem to be solved. This paper firstly discussed the analysis of its application in the computer network communication security encryption system based on the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. Through the theoretical analysis of the ACO algorithm in terms of bioheuristic optimization algorithm and the analysis of the characteristics of the algorithm, the optimization scheme of key distribution based on the ACO algorithm was discussed. Then, the differences between the ACO algorithm and the traditional encryption algorithm in terms of encryption duration, key distribution time, encryption strength and random number generation speed were further analyzed and verified by experimental data. The data results showed that the key distribution of the encryption system using the ACO algorithm had higher security and better performance compared with the traditional key distribution algorithm. By counting and comparing the data, it was found that the ACO algorithm showed very obvious advantages in terms of encryption and decryption time, key distribution time, encryption strength and random number generation. This indicates that the ACO algorithm has very important application prospects in computer network communication security encryption systems.