Traditional Drug Treatment Research Articles

New avenues in the treatment of ischemic heart disease - Stem cell therapy

Faced with the large number of patients with ischemic heart disease and high mortality rates, traditional drug treatments come with the risks of drug resistance and rebound effects after discontinuation, as well as the shortcomings of surgical treatments such as poor blood circulation and the inability to restore necrotic myocardium. This article starts from the perspective of stem cell regenerative medicine, focusing on the stem cell therapy for ischemic heart disease, and provides a comprehensive review of the types of stem cells and transplantation methods. It also includes further summaries and prospects, believing that more comprehensive and improved treatment methods will emerge in the future to benefit patients.

British South Asian and Muslim Community's Perceptions and Experiences of Addiction and Traditional Drug and Alcohol Treatment Services.

Within traditional drug and alcohol (D&A) treatment services, the majority of those accessing support are of white ethnicity, with only a small percentage of people from the British South Asian (BSA) and Muslim community engaging in treatment services. This paper aims to explore perceived barriers to accessing traditional D&A services within the British South Asian and Muslim communities, based on qualitative data from interviews with family members and a practitioner. Qualitative data were obtained via 11 semi-structured interviews involving a practitioner (n = 1), and family and friends (n = 10) of those with historic and current D&A use in the community. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed four themes: (1) awareness of drug and alcohol use in the community, (2) drug and alcohol use as a taboo topic and the impact of admitting use, (3) knowledge of services for treatment, (4) how to increase awareness and accessibility of treatment. There was an increasing awareness of D&A use in the BSA and Muslim community. Despite this, limited conversations and misconceptions around D&A use and recovery led to those using D&A and their family members feeling stigmatised within their community and unable to seek support. This paper concludes by recommending increased communication between the BSA and Muslim communities and D&A treatment services to ensure accessibility of treatment by improving cultural competency.

Magnesium metal-organic framework microneedles loaded with curcumin for accelerating oral ulcer healing.

Oral ulcers are a common oral mucosal disease that seriously affect the quality of life. Traditional drug treatments have shown unsatisfactory efficacy and potential adverse reactions. In this study, curcumin-loaded multifunctional magnesium metal-organic framework-embedded hyaluronic acid-soluble microneedles patches were developed to optimize treatment strategies for oral ulcers. This microneedles patch achieves efficient release of curcumin and Mg2+ in the ulcer through precisely targeted delivery and controllable release mechanism, significantly regulates inflammation, promotes cell migration and angiogenesis, and accelerates the ulcer healing process. At the same time, the synergistic effect of curcumin and gallic acid effectively alleviated oxidative stress, while the backplate ε-poly-L-lysine and needle tip Mg2+ jointly constructed an antibacterial barrier to effectively inhibit pathogens. Verification using an oral ulcer rat model showed that the microneedles patch exhibited excellent therapeutic effects. This not only opens up a new avenue for clinical oral treatment but also marks a breakthrough in nanobiomaterials science and drug delivery technology and heralds a broad prospect in the field of oral ulcer treatment in the future.

Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs): An Innovative Strategy for Targeted Protein Degradation and Disease Treatment

Review Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs): An Innovative Strategy for Targeted Protein Degradation and Disease Treatment Jun Xia, James K.S. Norris, May-Li MacKinnon and Sam Butterworth * Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK * Correspondence: sam.butterworth@manchester.ac.uk Received: 18 May 2024; Revised: 9 Jule 2024; Accepted: 9 Jule 2024; Published: 26 August 2024 Abstract: Protein ubiquitination is a highly conserved post-translational modification through which cells initiate the proteasomal degradation of undesired, aberrant, or damaged proteins. Protein ubiquitination plays a crucial role in protein homeostasis and regulates a wide range of essential physiological processes including DNA repair, immunological response, cell survival and apoptosis. Dysregulation of ubiquitination is associated with various pathologies including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and immune disorders. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) machinery has been utilized in therapeutic research as it can be manipulated to induce the degradation of undruggable proteins in a superior manner to traditional drug modalities. One such a method of specific protein degradation is the use of heterobifunctional molecules such as proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs). This literature review will focus on the composition, mechanism of action and developmental milestones of PROTACs, comparing these against traditional drug discovery and treatment approaches. In addition, the potential benefits of PROTAC usage will be highlighted by analyzing their practical applications in drug therapies.

Endosomal escape mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-based drug carriers: lessons for lipid nanoparticle design

The rise of biologics and RNA-based therapies challenges the limitations of traditional drug treatments. However, these potent new classes of therapeutics require effective delivery systems to reach their full potential. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a promising solution for RNA delivery, but endosomal entrapment remains a critical barrier. In contrast, natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess innate mechanisms to overcome endosomal degradation, demonstrating superior endosomal escape (EE) compared to conventional LNPs. This mini review explores the challenges of EE for lipid nanoparticle-based drug delivery, and offers insights into EV escape mechanisms to advance LNP design for RNA therapeutics. We compare the natural EE strategies of EVs with those used in LNPs and highlight contemporary LNP design approaches. By understanding the mechanisms of EE, we will be able to develop more effective drug delivery vehicles, enhancing the delivery and efficacy of RNA-based therapies.

Hydroethanolic Extract of Lepidium apetalum Willdenow Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammasome Activation.

The prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) has surged in Asian nations recently. The limitations of traditional drug treatments, including biologics, have spurred interest in herbal medicines for managing UC. This study aimed to elucidate the protective mechanisms of hydroethanolic extract from Lepidium apetalum Willdenow (LWE) on intestinal integrity and inflammation in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Using UPLC-MS/MS analysis, eleven phytochemicals were identified in LWE, including catechin, vicenin-2, and quercetin. LWE restored transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and reduced paracellular permeability in IL-6-stimulated Caco-2 cells, increasing the expression of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin. LWE treatment alleviated DSS-induced colitis symptoms in mice, reducing body weight loss, disease activity index values, and spleen size, while improving colon length and reducing serum FITC-dextran levels, indicating enhanced intestinal barrier function. LWE suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reducing protein levels of pro-caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, ASC, and NLRP3, as well as mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. LWE treatment upregulated activity and mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD1 and NQO1. Additionally, LWE modulated the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, increasing p-Nrf2 levels and decreasing Keap1 levels. LWE also restored goblet cell numbers and reduced fibrosis in DSS-induced chronic colitis mice, increasing gene and protein expressions of ZO-1 and occludin. In summary, LWE shows promise as a therapeutic intervention for reducing tissue damage and inflammation by enhancing intestinal barrier function and inhibiting colonic oxidative stress-induced inflammasome activation.

Targeted Delivery Strategies for Multiple Myeloma and Their Adverse Drug Reactions.

Currently, multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent hematopoietic system malignancy, known for its insidious onset and unfavorable prognosis. Recently developed chemotherapy drugs for MM have exhibited promising therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, to overcome the shortcomings of traditional clinical drug treatment, such as off-target effects, multiple drug resistance, and systemic toxicity, targeted drug delivery systems are optimizing the conventional pharmaceuticals for precise delivery to designated sites at controlled rates, striving for maximal efficacy and safety, presenting a promising approach for MM treatment. This review will delve into the outstanding performance of antibody-drug conjugates, peptide-drug conjugates, aptamer-drug conjugates, and nanocarrier drug delivery systems in preclinical studies or clinical trials for MM and monitor their adverse reactions during treatment.

Longitudinal trajectories in recovery capital and associations with substance use among adult drug treatment court clients

BackgroundRecovery capital (RC) refers to the resources individuals use to support substance use disorder (SUD) recovery. Individuals with SUD who are involved with the criminal justice system often have limited RC. Drug treatment courts (DTCs), including traditional drug treatment courts (tDTCs) and opioid intervention courts (OICs), can link clients to important sources of RC in the short-term, but few studies have assessed RC longitudinally. MethodsThe current study analyzed five waves of data from a one-year longitudinal study on substance use and RC collected from clients of tDTCs and OICs (n=165, 52% male, 75% non-Hispanic White, Age=21–67 years). Mixed-effects models examined (1) within-person trends over time in RC, (2) individual characteristics associated with differences and changes in RC, and (3) patterns of relationships between RC and substance use over time. We also tested differences by court type. ResultsFirst, OIC participants had lower RC at baseline relative to tDTC participants, and there was considerable within-person variability in RC over time. Second, the effect of a high school diploma/GED at baseline on RC change over time was greater for OIC relative to tDTC participants. Third, there was a negative concurrent within-person association between drug use and RC that became stronger over time for OIC relative to tDTC participants. ConclusionsThis study is among the first to examine longitudinal, within-person trajectories in RC. Results revealed important within-person variability over time in RC that was linked to education and drug use, particularly among OIC clients. Findings could help inform DTC treatment approaches.

Pleiotropic effects of nitric oxide sustained-release system for peripheral nerve repair

The regenerative microenvironment after peripheral nerve injury is imbalanced and difficult to rebalance, which is mainly affected by inflammation, oxidative stress, and inadequate blood supply. The difficulty in remodeling the nerve regeneration microenvironment is the main reason for slow nerve regeneration. Traditional drug treatments have certain limitations, such as difficulty in penetrating the blood-nerve barrier and lack of pleiotropic effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to build multifunctional nerve grafts that can effectively regulate the regenerative microenvironment and promote nerve regeneration. Nitric oxide (NO), a highly effective gas transmitter with diatomic radicals, is an important regulator of axonal growth and migration, synaptic plasticity, proliferation of neural precursor cells, and neuronal survival. Moreover, NO provides potential anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and blood vessel promotion applications. However, excess NO may cause cell death and neuroinflammatory cell damage. The prerequisite for NO treatment of peripheral nerve injury is that it is gradually released over time. In this study, we constructed an injectable NO slow-release system with two main components, including macromolecular NO donor nanoparticles (mPEG-P(MSNO-EG) nanoparticles, NO-NPs) and a carrier for the nanoparticles, mPEG-PA-PP injectable temperature-sensitive hydrogel. Due to the multiple physiological regulation of NO and better physiological barrier penetration, the conduit effectively regulates the inflammatory response and oxidative stress of damaged peripheral nerves, promotes nerve vascularization, and nerve regeneration and docking, accelerating the nerve regeneration process. Statement of significanceThe slow regeneration speed of peripheral nerves is mainly due to the destruction of the regeneration microenvironment. Neural conduits with drug delivery capabilities have the potential to improve the microenvironment of nerve regeneration. However, traditional drugs are hindered by the blood nerve barrier and cannot effectively target the injured area. NO, an endogenous gas signaling molecule, can freely cross the blood nerve barrier and act on target cells. However, excessive NO can lead to cell apoptosis. In this study, a NO sustained-release system was constructed to regulate the microenvironment of nerve regeneration through various pathways and promote nerve regeneration.

Essential oils as promising treatments for treating Candida albicans infections: research progress, mechanisms, and clinical applications.

Candida albicans: (C. albicans) is a prevalent opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe mucosal and systemic fungal infections, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Traditional chemical drug treatments for C. albicans infection have limitations, including the potential for the development of drug resistance. Essential oils, which are secondary metabolites extracted from plants, have gained significant attention due to their antibacterial activity and intestinal regulatory effects. It makes them an ideal focus for eco-friendly antifungal research. This review was aimed to comprehensively evaluate the research progress, mechanisms, and clinical application prospects of essential oils in treating C. albicans infections through their antibacterial and intestinal regulatory effects. We delve into how essential oils exert antibacterial effects against C. albicans infections through these effects and provide a comprehensive analysis of related experimental studies and clinical trials. Additionally, we offer insights into the future application prospects of essential oils in antifungal therapy, aiming to provide new ideas and methods for the development of safer and more effective antifungal drugs. Through a systematic literature review and data analysis, we hope to provide insights supporting the application of essential oils in antifungal therapy while also contributing to the research and development of natural medicines. In the face of increasingly severe fungal infections, essential oils might emerge as a potent method in our arsenal, aiding in the effective protection of human and animal health.

Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) in patients with atopic dermatitis

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis is the most common diseases in dermatology, among the main pathogenetic mechanisms of development of which a complex interaction of a genetically determined defect in the barrier function of the skin, an overactive state of the immune system is considered, and a neurogenic theory of disease development is not excluded, which is based on the relationship of anxiety-stress reactions and neuropsychiatric stresses with the occurrence of pathological changes on the skin. Modern atopic dermatitis therapy is characterized by the appointment of a large number of medications according to clinical recommendations, and the associated increase in allergic and toxic-allergic reactions dictates the need to search for new non-drug treatments for this disease. In order to prevent the pathological effects of stress, as well as to increase resistance to its damaging effects, activation of opioidergic mechanisms may be useful. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of the transcranial electrical stimulation technique in patients with atopic dermatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A controlled study was conducted among 60 patients with moderate atopic dermatitis, 33 women (55.0%) and 27 men (45.0%) aged 19 to 72 years. Transcranial electrical stimulation was carried out by a pulsed bipolar electrical stimulator with an acoustic effect "TRANSAIR-07", stimulation was carried out by an electric current with a frequency of 77.5 Hz and a duration of 3.5 ms. Patients underwent 10 procedures, 1 time a day, lasting 30 minutes, with a current of 1−3 mA. SCORAD, EASI, IGA, DLQI, HADS, and BDI scales were used to assess the dynamics of clinical manifestations. The assessment was carried out on the first and last day of treatment. RESULTS: During statistical data processing, when comparing the scales in the first and last days of the procedures, depending on the patient groups: the 1st group was the main one, received transcranial electrical stimulation treatment in combination with therapy, according to clinical recommendations, the 2nd group was the control group, received treatment according to clinical recommendations, without the use of transcranial electrical stimulation, significant improvement of itching indicators, clinical manifestations and improvement of quality of life after 4 weeks of therapy in both groups. A statistically more significant dynamics of the indicators of the main clinical scales in favor of combination therapy was established: according to the SCORAD scale ― in the main group from 47.50±2.25 to 21.00±1.00, in the control group from 47.00±2.00 to 39.00±1.75; DLQI ― in the main group from 8.00±2.00 to 2.00±0.75, in the control group ― from 8.50±1.50 to 5.00±1.00. CONCLUSION: The paper presents the positive results of our own research and presents data confirming the clinical effectiveness of transcranial electrostimulation in patients with atopic dermatitis compared with the traditional drug treatment of this disease, which allows us to recommend the treatment regimen we have proposed for widespread implementation in the practice of a dermatovenerologist.

Prevention of occupational allergodermatoses using pathogenetically based techniques

Introduction. Currently, occupational skin diseases remain one of the important medical problems. In this regard, the search for new modern, promising methods for the prevention and treatment of skin diseases is relevant.
 The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and preventive measures among industrial workers with occupational allergic dermatoses.
 Materials and methods. Two groups of patients with occupational allergic dermatoses (seventy seven cases) were examined and treated. In the control group (37 people), only traditional treatment was carried out; in the main group (40 people), the complex of treatment measures, in addition to conventional therapy, included the procedure of intravenous laser blood irradiation (ILBI). Biochemical and immunological studies were carried out using standard and unified methods.
 Results. The use of ILBI in patients with occupational dermatoses had a positive effect on the state of cellular and humoral immunity: the number of CD3+ and CD4+ lymphocytes increased by 1.2–1.5 times, the CD4+/CD8+ immunoregulatory index normalized, the content of B cells in the bloodstream decreased, and levels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgE up to 1.6 times and inflammatory mediators (interleukin -10, -4, 
 tumour necrosis factor-α) by 1.5–2.3 times. There was a 1.3-fold decrease in the content of ceruloplasmin, a protein in the acute phase 
 of inflammation, and a 1.3–1.4-fold increase in the activity of catalase and neutrophil myeloperoxidase. A more rapid regression of rashes, 
 a decrease in erythema, and the disappearance of itching was noted in the main group. The duration of the relapse-free period in this group is 1.9 times longer than in the control group.
 Limitation: study of the effectiveness of laser therapy in the treatment of patients with occupational allergic dermatoses according to clinical and laboratory parameters.
 Conclusion. The ILBI technique has shown its effectiveness and positive impact on the pathogenetic links in the development of occupational skin pathology, in comparison with traditional drug treatment. As a result, it can be used for immunorehabilitation, prevention, and treatment of this pathology.

Status, Challenges, And Prospects Of PD-1/PD-L1 Antibodies Therapeutic of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor which has the highest incidence in the world, serious threatening to women's health. Surgery and chemotherapy are the general symmetric therapy for breast cancer. However, the worse prognosis is in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared with other types of breast cancer due to lack of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The characteristics of low differentiation and high heterogeneity cause the tumor cells to metastasize more easily, resulting in less effect on traditional drug treatment. For now, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show greater effect on treating some kinds of cancers by restoring T cells function. But the clinical results in TNBC are still not very satisfactory, some researchers suggest the combination treatment of ICIs with drug or target therapy can provide better effects. This review summarizes the results in clinical trials in both ICI and ICI-chemotherapy combination, describes the possibility explanations, and discuss the challenges and prospects of ICIs in the treatment of TNBC.

Explore the Role and Influence of Bex gliflozin (A Type of SGLT-2 Inhibitors) in Type 2 Diabetes

There are many chronic metabolic diseases in the world, and diabetes is one of them. Blood sugar control and improvement of insulin resistance are the main means of clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). A variety of hypoglycemic drugs are now used in the clinic, but due to the different physical conditions of patients, only 50% of the drugs that may play a certain curative effect. Traditional T2D drug treatment relies on the regulation of insulin and has a variety of side effects. Bex gliflozin, as a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), the tubules have a reabsorption effect on glucose in the original urine, and the mechanism of action of Bex gliflozin is to inhibit this function of the kidneys, which makes part of the glucose not reabsorbed by the renal tubules and excreted with urine, thereby achieving the purpose of hypoglycemia. As an approved SGLT2i, it has shown good hypoglycemic effect and safety in the treatment of diabetes, combined with others. In addition, Bex gliflozin has a certain protective effect on the heart and kidneys, and some studies have shown that it has no significant effect on blood pressure and weight. This article summarizes the therapeutic progress and mechanism of SGLT2i and Bex gliflozin in T2D, in order to expanse of the indications for Bex gliflozin.

A systematic review of the analytical method identified phytomedicine and pharmacological potency of Rosa species with special attention on Rosa centifolia

Objective: Globally, Rosa species herbal plants are often used as a natural remedy to prevent and cure various health problems without or with minimal toxic effects. Rosa species are rich in bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and alkaloids. Phytomedicines are used to treat various diseases and disorders because of their clinical potency.
 Material and method: The searches were performed using various databases, including PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), Science Direct (http://www.sciencedirect.com/), Scopus (http://www.scopus.com/), and Google Scholar (http://www.scholar.google.com/).
 Result: India is well known for its geographical diversity, a rich collection of medicinally active plants, and numerous traditional herbal drug treatment systems that are acknowledged as “living traditions”. However, there is no collective report on the significant Rosa species with respect to the recent advancement in clinically active plant investigation. Hence, the key effort of the present review work is to report the identified phytomedicine and pharmacological activity majorly used Rosa species that have grown in India and other countries throughout the world. This review was completed on the basis of a complete national and international literature survey.
 Conclusion: In this review, we provide summarised and collective scientific information on the prominent Rosa species, used plant part, their extract, used analytical methods, biochemical and their respective medicinal activity to develop new ethnomedicine in the future.
 Keywords: Rosa species, analytical method, biochemical, pharmacological activity

Inheritance and development of ethnic dance culture on anxiety disorders in college students

BackgroundAnxiety disorder is one of the common psychological problems faced by college students, which has a negative impact on their studies and lives. As a traditional cultural form, folk dance not only carries the essence of national culture, but also has potential mental health benefits by means of body movement, music, and emotional expression. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the efficacy of the inheritance and development of folk-dance culture on the anxiety disorder of college students.Subjects and MethodsThe study first involved a subset of participants receiving anxiety disorders treated with a folk-dance intervention. The intervention can be conducted through classroom teaching, group activities and other forms. It mainly includes personalized exercise, key training, emotional regulation, etc. In the traditional drug treatment of the control group, the effect of the folk dance was analyzed during the experiment.ResultsThe analysis found that the incidence of anxiety disorders decreased by 65.87% after the experimental group participants received the folk-dance intervention 83.23% of the patients showed significant disease improvement. Among the participants in the control group, only 62.36% of the patients with anxiety disorders had improved. It was 20.87% lower than the experimental group.ConclusionsThe experiment found that by participating in folk dance activities, college students can release tension through body movement while experiencing traditional culture, and adjust their emotional state with the help of the rhythm and expression form of music. Therefore, participating in the inheritance and development of folk-dance culture can produce positive effects on the intervention of college students.

Improving attention deficit in athletes through personalized football teaching combined with atomoxetine treatment

BackgroundAttention Deficit Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that seriously affects athletes’ training and competition performance. Traditional drug treatment methods such as atomoxetine can improve symptoms, but there are also side effects. Featured football teaching, as a new nondrug treatment method, is worth exploring its therapeutic effect.Subjects and MethodsThis study recruited 60 athletes diagnosed with ADHD and randomly divided them into an intervention group and a control group, with 30 participants in each group. The intervention group received characteristic football teaching and atomoxetine treatment, while the control group only received atomoxetine treatment. The research period is 12 weeks, and quantitative evaluation is conducted using the ADHD rating scale and the exercise performance rating scale.ResultsAfter the study, the ADHD scores of both groups of athletes decreased, while the exercise performance scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The statistical analysis results show that feature-based football teaching has a significant effect on improving athletes’ attention deficit and improving sports performance.ConclusionsFeatured football teaching emerges as an effective means to enhance concentration and performance among athletes with ADHD. As a non-pharmacological intervention, its therapeutic impact is noteworthy, meriting promotion and practical application. Future research could delve into exploring the personalized football teaching’s therapeutic effects on diverse ADHD athlete profiles, striving to develop tailored treatment plans for athletes with ADHD.

Biomimetic nanoparticles targeting atherosclerosis for diagnosis and therapy

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a typical chronic inflammatory vascular disease that seriously endangers human health. At present, oral lipid‐lowering or anti‐inflammatory drugs are clinically used to inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. However, traditional oral drug treatments have problems such as low utilization, slow response, and serious side effects. Traditional nanodrug delivery systems are difficult to interactively recognize by normal biological organisms, and it is difficult to target the delivery of drugs to target lesions. Therefore, building a biomimetic nanodrug delivery system with targeted drug delivery based on the pathological characteristics of atherosclerosis is the key to achieving efficient and safe treatment of atherosclerosis. In this review, various nanodrug delivery systems that can target atherosclerosis are summarized and discussed. In addition, the future prospects and challenges of its clinical translation are also discussed.

Antimicrobial effect of Streptococcus salivarius outer membrane-coated nanocomplexes against Candida albicans and oral candidiasis

Oral mucosal infection, especially oral candidiasis, is currently the most common oral mucosal disease. Traditional drug treatment regimens have difficulty adhering to mucous membranes, coupled with the unique anatomical and physiological characteristics of the oral cavity, thus reducing drug availability and limiting the effective time of drug action. Inspired by cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, this study aimed to construct a bionic adherent oral mucosal drug delivery system and investigated its therapeutic potential for oral candidiasis. The system was obtained by encapsulating Streptococcus salivarius K12 membranes on triclosan-loaded PLGA nanoparticles using an extrusion method. The constructed nanocomplexes (K12/TCS@PLGA-NPs) inherited the properties of the source cell membrane, bionically adhering to the oral mucosa and binding to the candida albicans hypha. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed that K12/TCS@PLGA-NPs nanocomplexes significantly inhibits the formation of C. albicans biofilms and the development of oral candidiasis by enhancing the accumulation of drugs in lesions, optimizing drug efficacy. Furthermore, the biomimetic nanocomplexes could be considered safe and effective drug delivery systems, which hold considerable therapeutic promise for oral mucosal infections including candidiasis.

Therapeutic potential of nutritional food for a healthy cardiometabolic system—a review of molecular mechanism

Nutritional therapy and disease causes have been studied sparingly. It is one of the main objectives of this study to look for a nutritional diet that promotes cardiovascular health. Various electronic databases and scientifically published articles were searched for relevant information for this review. In addition to these parameters, diabetes, blood pressure, smoking, lifestyle, and inactivity also play a significant role in these diseases. Various scientific studies have shown that consuming the right kind of food, following healthy eating habits, and leading a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke. The gut microbiome and cardiovascular risk have been shown to be significantly affected by vegetarian and Mediterranean diets. As an adjunct to traditional drug treatment, a healthy lifestyle and a proper diet are essential to improving cardiac patients' lipid profiles. It is essential to understand CVD's molecular and cellular mechanisms and develop targeted therapies.