Distribution Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes Research Articles

Clinical symptoms and distribution characteristics traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of pulmonary nodules

A cross-sectional study method combined with two types of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome differentiation methods was adopted to investigate the clinical symptoms and distribution characteristics of TCM syndromes in patients with pulmonary nodules from the perspectives of number, size, nature, and stability of pulmonary nodules by using the χ~2 test, systematic clustering and Apriori algorithm correlation analysis. The common clinical symptoms of pulmonary nodules were fatigue(77.35%) and irritability(75.40%), and 40 symptoms were clustered into 3 groups(digestive system symptoms, respiratory system symptoms, and emotional and systemic symptoms) and 8 major symptom categories. The proportion of cold and heat in complexity syndrome(63.43%) was higher based on cold-heat syndrome differentiation. The top two syndromes were Qi deficiency syndrome(88.03%) and Qi depression syndrome(83.17%) based on disease syndrome differentiation. Yang deficiency syndrome(60.52%) was more than Yin deficiency syndrome(50.16%). There were higher proportions of phlegm syndrome(78.67%) and Yang deficiency syndrome(69.33%) of so-litary pulmonary nodules in terms of the number of pulmonary nodules. In terms of size, the proportion of phlegm syndrome decreased as the mean diameter of pulmonary nodules increased, while the proportions of Yang deficiency syndrome and blood stasis syndrome increased. The distribution of Qi depression syndrome was more in those with mean diameter<10 mm(85.02%, P=0.044) and cold syndrome was more in those with mean diameter ≥10 mm(16.67%, P=0.024). In terms of the nature of pulmonary nodules, the proportions of Qi depression syndrome and heat syndrome decreased with the increase in solid components of pulmonary nodules, while the proportions of Yin deficiency syndrome and cold and heat in complexity syndrome increased. The blood stasis syndrome accounted for a higher proportion of pulmonary nodules with solid components. In terms of the stability of pulmonary nodules, dampness syndrome(72.97%), blood stasis syndrome(37.84%), and cold and heat in complexity syndrome(70.27%) accounted for higher proportions. In addition, patients with new nodules presented higher proportions in Qi inversion syndrome(52.00%, P=0.007) and cold and heat in complexity syndrome(66.00%, P=0.008). Meanwhile, 11 syndromes were associated and 4 common compound syndromes were obtained(Qi deficiency and depression syndrome, Qi depression and phlegm coagulation syndrome, Qi deficiency and phlegm coagulation syndrome, and Qi deficiency and dampness obstruction syndrome). Qi deficiency syndrome and Qi depression syndrome could be associated with other syndromes. The results show that the main clinical symptoms of pulmonary nodules are fatigue and irritability. The main TCM syndromes of pulmonary nodules are Qi deficiency syndrome, Qi depression syndrome, Yang deficiency syndrome, and cold and heat in complexity syndrome. The distribution of TCM syndromes is significantly correlated with the size of pulmonary nodules and the presence or absence of new nodules. The common compound syndromes are Qi deficiency and depression syndrome, Qi depression and phlegm coagulation syndrome, Qi deficiency and phlegm coagulation syndrome, and Qi deficiency and dampness obstruction syndrome.

Study protocol: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation for heart failure patients and its implication for long-term therapeutic outcomes of the Qiliqiangxin capsules

BackgroundSyndrome differentiation is a commonly used methodology and practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) guiding the diagnosis and treatment of diseases including heart failure (HF). However, previous clinical trials seldom consider the impact of syndrome patterns on the outcome evaluation of TCM formulae. Qiliqiangxin (QLQX) capsule is a TCM formula with cardiotonic effect to improve the cardiovascular function for heart failure with proven efficacy from well-designed clinical trials. Though, there is no clinical trial with a large sample size and long assessment period that considers the relationship between TCM syndrome differentiation and the treatment efficacy of QLQX. In the present study, we design a study protocol to evaluate the relationship between TCM syndrome differentiation and the severity of heart failure as well as its progression. Furthermore, we will evaluate the impact of the TCM syndrome patterns on the efficacy of QLQX in the outcome of heart failure.MethodsThis is a clinical study conducted in conjunction with an ongoing clinical trial (QUEST Study) by sharing the parent patient populations but with different aims and independent designed roadmaps to investigate the TCM syndrome pattern distributions and the impacts of syndrome pattern types on the efficacy of QLQX in HF treatment. The clinical trial involves over 100 hospitals in mainland China and Hong Kong SAR with 3080 HF patients. By assessing the morbidity and re-hospitalization, we will verify and apply a modified TCM Questionnaire to collect the clinical manifestations of HF and acquire the tongue images of the patients to facilitate the syndrome differentiation. We will base on the “2014 Consensus from TCM experts on diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure” to evaluate the TCM syndromes for the patients. A pilot study with at least 600 patients will be conducted to evaluate the reliability, feasibility and validity of the modified TCM questionnaire for syndrome differentiation of HF and the sample size is calculated based on the confidence level of 95%, population size of 3080 and 5% margin of error. Secondly, we will investigate the characteristic of TCM syndrome distribution of HF patients and its correlation with the functional and biochemical data. Furthermore, we will evaluate the relationship between the TCM syndrome patterns and the efficacy of QLQX in the treatment of heart failure. Lastly, we will investigate the implication of tongue diagnosis in the severity and therapeutic outcome of HF.Expect outcomesTo our knowledge, this is the first large scale clinical trial to evaluate the impacts of TCM syndrome differentiation on the progression and therapeutic outcome of HF patients and explore the diagnostic value of TCM Tongue Diagnosis in HF patients. We expect to obtain direct clinical evidence to verify the importance of TCM syndrome differentiation for the diagnosis and treatment of HF.Trial Registration: The trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, http://www.chictr.org.cn. (Registration No.: ChiCTR1900021929); Date: 2019-03-16.

The Distribution Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes in 549 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to summarize the distribution pattern of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThe frequency, characteristics and distribution of all TCM syndromes of 549 patients with T2DM were analyzed.ResultsThe average age of T2DM onset was higher in women than in men (ie, men experienced earlier onset). The distribution of TCM syndromes, in order of frequency, was as follows: damp-heat trapping spleen (including spleen deficiency and dampness, damp heat due to spleen deficiency, and qi weakness due to spleen deficiency) (58.29%), qi-yin deficiency (16.03%), deficiency of yin and excessive heat (12.93%), blood stasis in collaterals (9.41%), and yin-yang deficiency (3.21%). The physical intensity of patients’ occupational activity was mainly light (49.6%), followed by heavy (31.4%) and moderate (19.0%).ConclusionDamp-heat trapping spleen is the most common TCM syndrome in patients with T2DM, with damp heat due to spleen deficiency the most significant subtype. This syndrome tends to occur in people over the age of 60 and those undertaking too much or too little physical activity in their occupational activities. The traditional “three more and one less” symptoms do not adequately describe the clinical symptoms of T2DM.

Research on Correlation between TCM Syndrome Distribution Characteristics and Prognosis of Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage Operation

Objective: This study is to analyze correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome distribution characteristics and prognosis of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) operation. Methods: In this study, a total of 150 patients who had received HICH operation from April, 2017 to December, 2020 in our hospital and conformed to inclusion standards were selected. According to classification of TCM syndromes, amount of bleeding of patients was recorded through multiple radiological technologies, baseline information was collected, and prognosis was investigated. The final event was long-term follow-up visit of all-cause mortalities. Moreover, correlation between prognosis and TCM syndromes was analyzed. Results: It found through investigations that there are no statistically significant differences in composition ratio of TCM syndromes among patients with different genders and different age ranges (P > 0.05). Among so many TCM syndromes, bleeding amount of patients with declining vitality and distraction is the highest, while bleeding amount of patients with stirring wind due to yin deficiency is the lowest. With respect NIHSS scores, the patients with declining vitality and distraction show the highest NIHSS scores at admission and 10 d of the course of the disease, followed by patients with upward disturbance of wind-fire. There are statistically significant differences among these two groups (P < 0.05). In this study, follow-up visits are performed to all 150 patients and the average follow-up visit time ranges within 2 - 15 months. A total of 13 deaths are reported. Number of all-cause deaths has statistically significant differences among different syndromes (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Evolutionary characteristics of TCM syndromes of HICH are manifested by development from evidence-based symptoms to deficiency syndromes. Different syndromes are correlated with prognosis of patients. On the one hand, this can be used as an objective index for TCM syndrome classification. On the other hand, this is conducive to judge prognosis recovery of patients and to apply the corresponding symptomatic treatment.

Factor and Cluster Analysis for TCM Syndromes of Real-World Metabolic Syndrome at Different Age Stage.

Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the characteristics of multitarget and overall regulation, which has certain advantages in preventing and treating of metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the similarities and differences of TCM syndrome distribution in different age groups to promote the optimization of treatment strategies. Methods This study was based on a real-world survey conducted in 3 hospitals in China. There are 1262 collected cases of MS meeting the inclusion criteria, which were divided into the young group, middle-aged group, and elderly group. Factor analysis (FA) was conducted for syndrome element extraction, and K-means cluster analysis was processed for syndrome type classification. Frequency analysis and Chi-square test were used to compare the syndrome characteristics of each group. Results Common factors extracted were assigned to 18 syndrome elements including 11 nature syndrome elements and 7 location syndrome elements. Phlegm and dampness are the most frequent syndrome elements in general. Compared with the middle-aged group and elderly group, the young group has more obvious nature syndrome elements in heat and Qi deficiency, and location syndrome elements in the stomach. As for the middle-aged group, the frequency of location syndrome in kidney syndrome was higher than that in other groups. When it comes to the elderly group, it is shown that the symptoms of Yin deficiency and blood deficiency increase with age and the old patients may have more location syndrome elements in the lung and gallbladder. Conclusion The TCM syndrome of MS is complex in that there may be the characteristics of deficiency and excess syndrome simultaneously. The main pathological factors of MS were phlegm and dampness. Besides, MS patients at different age periods may have their own syndrome distribution features. So, it is reasonable to adhere to the method of resolving phlegm and removing dampness and, at the same time, adopt the ways of clearing heat, promoting Qi, nourishing Yin, supplementing blood as well as regulating the liver, promoting the lung, transporting the spleen, nourishing the heart, and nourishing the kidney based on the syndrome feature of MS in different age stages.

Literature study on traditional Chinese medicine syndrome distribution of dengue fever

Objective To systematically search the related literature of dengue syndrome in recent years, so as to understand the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome distribution of dengue fever. Methods China biomedical database, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang database were searched. The epidemiological studies on the TCM syndrome of dengue fever were enrolled. The first author of this study, sample size, diagnostic criteria and the syndrome differentiation were collected. SPSS 21.0 software was used to carry out frequency statistics, describe the distribution of common clinical syndromes of dengue fever, and count the number and percentage of patients corresponding to each syndrome type. Results A total of 12 articles were enrolled, including 2 639 patients. The number of male patients were much more than the females. Most of the patients came from Guangdong, mostly after the outbreak of dengue fever in Guangdong in 2014.The most common TCM syndrome types include both the defense and Qi phases (25.20%), damp heat repression (20.69%), blood stasis and toxin (16.37%), excess of Qi and heat (12.24%), vigorous heat at qi-blood phase (10.19%). Conclusions The main pathogenic factors of dengue fever are heat, humidity and toxicity. The most common syndromes are both the defense and Qi phases, damp heat repression and blood stasis and toxin. Key words: Dengue; Syndrome differentiation classification; Distribution law; Medicine pharmacologic literature (TCM); Statistics, medical

Traditional Chinese medicine syndromes distribution in colorectal cancer and its association with Western Medicine Treatment and Clinical Laboratory Indicators

Objective: The objective of the study is to explore the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome distribution in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its correlation with treatment methods and clinical laboratory indicators. Materials and Methods: Using the CRC cases report form of TCM, 760 CRC patients with TCM four diagnosis information, western medicine treatment information and clinical laboratory indicators were collected, and TCM syndromes distribution in CRC were summarized. The correlation between TCM syndrome type and western medicine treatments, clinical laboratory indicators such as liver and kidney function, immune function, and tumor biomarkers was analyzed. Results: In 760 cases of CRC, Spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS, 25%), liver and kidney Yin deficiency syndrome (LKYDS, 13%), LKYDS-SDS, 12%, spleen deficient Qi stagnation syndrome (SDQSS, 10%), and damp heat syndrome (DHS, 9%) were more common TCM syndrome types. LKYDS, SDS, LKYDS-SDS, and SDQSS were significantly distributed under different treatment methods (P 0.05), but there was statistically significant difference in the distribution of blood routine, liver and kidney function, and tumor biomarkers (P

Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome distribution and neuroendocrine mechanisms of irritable bowel syndrome: cross-sectional study

In order to clarify the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome distribution and pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), the patients in the first affiliated hospital of Guangzhou university of Chinese medicine were enrolled for the cross-sectional study. The data of 12 sociological variables, 13 risk factors, 84 symptoms and signs variables(in 9 aspects), and 19 neuroendocrine indices were extracted for group-between analysis with one-way ANOVA, chi-square test and nonparametric test, and the relationship analysis between clinical symptoms and diseases sub-types was done with binary Logistic regression. In addition, the patterns of TCM syndromes were divided by several syndrome factors to analyze the difference in neuroendocrine indices between various patterns and syndrome factors. A total of 383 IBS patients were enrolled, including 353(92.2%) cases of diarrhea, 14(3.7%) cases of constipation and 16(4.1%) cases of mixed types. In IBS-diarrhea patients, there were 291(76.0%), 18(4.7%), 48(12.5%) and 26(6.8%)cases of syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency (sLDSD), syndrome of liver depression and qi stagnation (sLDQS), syndrome of dampness-heat in the spleen and stomach (sDHSS), and syndrome of spleen deficiency with dampness encumbrance (sSDDE) respectively. There was significant differences in blood groups between IBS-diarrhea patients, IBS-constipation patients and IBS-mixed types patients; their disease classification was significantly correlated with the allergies, drinking, irregular meals habits, no or less vacations, and other causes of morbidity (P<0.05, f<0.3). A total of 15 symptoms and signs variables (e.g., chills, facial abnormalities, epigastric fullness, etc.) had significant differences between different groups (P<0.05), and 5, 8, 5 variables were respective independent factors for IBS-diarrhea, constipation and mixed type. There was no significant difference in neuroendocrine indices between various groups. The sLDSD, sLDQS, sDHSS, sSDDE patients had significant differences in genders, living conditions and occupations, and the TCM syndrome type was significantly correlated with the drinking, smoking, no or less breakfast, less than 8 sleeping hours(P<0.05, f<0.3). Meanwhile, a total of 14 symptoms and signs variables (e.g., dysphoria heat, fatigue, stretching, etc.) had significant differences between various groups(P<0.05) and 3, 4, 6, 3 variables were respective independent factors for sLDSD, sLDQS, sDHSS, and sSDDE. There were significant differences in acetylcholine(Ach) and angiotensin Ⅱ(AT-Ⅱ) between the sLDSD group and sSDDE group. There were significant difference in Ach, AT-Ⅱ, adrenotrophin(ACTH) and estradiol (E2) in comparison between several pattern factors. This study preliminary identified the sociological characters, risk factors, syndromes distribution, diseases and subgroup mechanisms of this disease. More samples and multi-centers are required for future study to improve the scientificity and representativeness.

Clinical and pathological analysis on Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes in children with immunoglobulin A nephropathy

ObjectiveTo evaluate the common Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes and analyze their relationship to clinical and pathological manifestations in children with IgA nephropathy. MethodsForty five children diagnosed as having primary IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy for the first time were enrolled in this trial, and their TCM syndromes were evaluated and the distribution of TCM syndromes was observed. All the sick children were growed? according to clinical manifestations and pathological damages, and the differences in TCM syndromes were compared between the groups. ResultsThe first 5 TCM symptoms were common cold, hyperhidrosis, red dry throat, dark yellow urine and lassitude. In the acute nephritis group, edema and aching pain in loin and knees were significant (P=0.021 and P=0.000). In the severe pathological damage group, edema was obvious (P= 0.004), and 24 h urinary protein was positively correlated with edema (P=0.015) while negatively with common cold (P=0,007). The score of mesangial cell proliferation was correlated with edema, red dry throat and common cold (P=0.006, 0.013 and 0.029 respectively). The score of segmental pathological change was positively correlated with edema (P=0.039). ConclusionCommon cold, hyperhidrosis, red dry throat, dark yellow urine, lassitude and other symptoms of qi deficiency of the spleen and lung mainly seen in children with IgA nephropathy may bear a close relationship to clinical manifestations and pathological damages.

Investigation on traditional Chinese medicine syndrome distribution of 4 618 hepatitis B virus infection subjects in Qidong of Jiangsu Province, China

To study the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome distribution in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Qidong region of Jiangsu Province, China. A cross-sectional survey was performed. Subjects from Qidong of Jiangsu Province of China were screened among the locally enrolled residents by detecting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from May 2007 to May 2011 and were assigned to HBsAg-negative cohort or HBsAg-positive cohort. Then, the subjects were diagnosed according to alanine aminotransferase, alpha-fetoprotein and B ultrasound. The syndrome of the subjects was determined using a TCM questionnaire consisting of signs and symptoms. A total of 5 908 subjects were enrolled in this survey, among whom, 4 718 were diagnosed with HbsAg infection (positive result of HbsAg detection) and 1 147 were negative. 143 subjects were excluded for not receiving the blood examination. The final diagnoses of the subjects were non-HBV infection (n=1128), HBV carrier (n=4019), chronic hepatitis B (n=225), posthepatitic cirrhosis (n=263) or liver cancer (n=111). The TCM syndrome differentiation results showed that there were differences in syndrome distribution between HBV-infected and non-HBV-infected patients. The main syndromes of the HBV-infected patients were qi deficiency, qi stagnation, blood stasis and dampness heat, related to the Zang of liver and spleen. The distribution principles of TCM syndrome among patients of HBV carrier, chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis were similar. Moreover, with the progression of the patients' condition, the scores of syndromes increased, and the number of accompanying syndromes increased as well. The main syndromes of patients with liver cancer were blood stasis and excess heat, which was slightly different from that of the other HBV-infected patients. The TCM syndrome distribution in patients of HBV infection in Qidong region of Jiangsu Province shows regularity. The disorder is mainly due to qi stagnation and blood stasis and is also related to deficiency of healthy qi, especially deficiency of spleen qi.

Clinical Distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes on Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract This study aimed at analyzing the clinical distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome on cardiovascular diseases and at providing the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Cases of cardiovascular disorder were collected on the basis of unified scales. Syndrome differentiation criteria were used in the identification of the scales. Then the distribution of TCM syndromes on cardiovascular diseases was analyzed. There were 3021 cases, including 1677 cases (55.51%) of heart-qi deficiency, 603 cases (19.96%) of heart- yang deficiency, 699 cases (23.14%) of heart-yin deficiency, 1121 cases (37.11%) of phlegm accumulation, 1624 cases (53.76%) of blood stagnation, and 2057 cases (68.10%) of the syndrome of mixed deficiency and excess. There were 517 cases (17.11%) with only deficiency syndromes and 447 cases (14.80 %) with only excess syndromes. The syndrome of the zang-fu organ is mostly related to the kidney and the spleen. It is concluded that the common clinical distribution of TCM syndromes on cardiovascular diseases is the syndrome of mixed deficiency and excess, which includes heart-qi deficiency, heart-yang deficiency, and heart-yin deficiency and excess syndromes of phlegm accumulation, blood stagnation, and qi stagnation.

Distribution characteristics of syndrome types in essential hypertension

To investigate the distribution characteristics of syndrome types of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in essential hypertension and to explore the distribution rule of TCM syndromes. A multicenter, large-sample survey method of clinical epidemiology was applied to choose the patients with essential hypertension from North, Middle, and South China. A questionnaire was designed and filled in, then 477 untreated patients with first-diagnosed essential hypertension were selected and the information was recorded into FileMaker database. A cluster analysis method was utilized to study the TCM syndrome distribution rule of essential hypertension. Two-step cluster analysis was done from 3 to 7 clusters. Seven clusters were appropriate, which included deficiency of heart and kidney qi, hyperactivity of liver-yang, deficiency of yin and yang, stagnation of phlegm-dampness, phlegm-heat (subtype of stagnation of phlegm-dampness), blood stasis obstructing collaterals, and other syndromes. The symptoms presenting high percentage in each cluster were more significant in TCM theory. The syndromes of hyperactivity of liver-yang (24.1%) and stagnation of phlegm-dampness (27.1%) presented the high percentages, and deficiency of heart and kidney qi (10.1%), deficiency of yin and yang (8.4%), and blood stasis obstructing collaterals (9.0%) presented the low percentages. As compared with the current syndrome differentiation criteria, two-step cluster analysis results not only include the syndromes of deficiency of yin and yang, hyperactivity of liver-yang, stagnation of phlegm-dampness, but also cover qi deficiency and blood stasis.

Epidemiological investigation of perimenopausal women in Shanghai

To explore the cognitive level and the mental status of the patients suffering from perimenopausal syndrome in Shanghai, and to identify the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome distribution feature of perimenopausal syndrome. The cognitive level of the perimenopausal women was evaluated by using general living problem questionnaire. The mental status of the perimenopausal women was evaluated by using self-rating depressive scale. The traditional Chinese medicine syndrome distribution feature of perimenopausal syndrome was identified by using traditional Chinese medical symptoms questionnaire. A total of 634 perimenopausal women finished the investigation. There were 74.76% (474/634) patients who knew little about the perimenopausal syndrome; 77.29% (490/634) patients had a depressive tendency; 8.36% (53/634) patients had depressive disorder. There were 72.40% (459/634) patients who had the symptoms such as susceptibility to anger and restlessness, restless sleep at night, thirst with dry throat and bitter taste, and all these symptoms could be classified into hyperactivity of heart and liver fire syndrome. Patients suffering from perimenopausal syndrome know little about this disease and mostly have depressive tendency, and the major traditional Chinese medicine syndrome pattern is hyperactivity of heart and liver fire based on the chief clinical manifestations of the patients.

Correlation between traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy and A267G in 5'-untranslated region within exonal of megsin gene

To observe the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes ("deficiency of qi and yin" and "deficiency of liver yin and kidney yin") and A267G in 5'-untranslated region within exonal of megsin gene, and to search the substantial genetic basis for micro-differentiation of TCM syndromes in primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). A total of 120 IgAN cases meeting the diagnostic criteria were enrolled. The sequence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of A267G in 5'-untranslated region within exonal of megsin gene was tested. The correlation between SNP and TCM syndromes was observed. There were 83 cases carrying GG genotype, 34 cases carrying GA genotype and 3 cases carrying AA genotype in 120 cases of primary IgAN. There was a high proportion of "deficiency of liver yin and kidney yin" in IgAN cases with AA and GA genotypes, and a high proportion of "deficiency of qi and yin" in IgAN cases with GG genotype (P<0.01). Odds ratio in TCM syndrome distribution between GG genotype and GA plus AA genotype was 9.800, and 95% confidence interval was 3.969-24.199. The discrepancy also resided in IgAN patients with different genders and ages. A267G in 5'-untranslated region within exonal of the megsin gene may be one of the substantial genetic basis for differentiating "deficiency of liver yin and kidney yin" syndrome and "deficiency of qi and yin" syndrome in primary IgAN.

Clinical investigation on characteristics of traditional Chinese medical syndrome of hepatocirrhosis

To explore the characteristics of traditional Chinese medical syndrome (TCM syndrome) of hepatocirrhosis. Clinical information from the four diagnosis methods of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and related laboratorial indexes were systematically collected from 223 hepatocirrhosis cases, and the multi-statistical methods including systematic cluster analysis, principal component analysis, stepwise discrimination and variance analysis were made with the software SAS 6.11. Multi-analysis showed that there were 3 categories of syndrome characteristics. Type 1 (134 cases): damp heat, blood stasis, deficiency of liver and spleen Qi; Type 2 (62 cases): deficiency of both Qi and Yin with severe deficiency of Qi, heat with severe dampness, blood stasis; Type 3 (27 cases): deficiency of both Qi and Yin with severe deficiency of Yin, stasis and heat or dampness. Analysis of the changes of the related laboratorial indexes among the three types of syndrome showed that Type 1 mainly manifested asthenia syndrome with sthenia syndrome, and its indexes of AST, ALT, GGT levels were markedly higher than those of Type 2 and Type 3, both of which mainly showed sthenia syndrome with asthenia syndrome, and that Type 3 was in active inflammation, deficiency of both Qi and Yin (deficiency of Yin > deficiency of Qi), and its FN, Alb, FV, FVII, PLT, PCT levels were obviously reduced. The multi-statistical methods can reveal the characteristics and regularity of TCM syndrome of hepatocirrhosis, and the 3 categories of syndrome characteristics basically conform to clinical manifestations. The result of TCM syndrome distribution and laboratorial indexes infer that damp heat is the pathological basis of hepatocirrhosis, and the degree of liver function disorder and liver damage may be the pathological basis of deficiency of Yin of both liver and kidney.