Traditional Card Research Articles

A Chip Off the Old Block or a New Direction for Payment Card Security? Chips, Pins, and the Law and Economics of Payment Card Fraud

The issue of consumer payments and data security has reached a high level of public and regulatory interest as a result of a number of recent high-profile data breaches that compromised consumer payment cards. In addition, the ecosystem of consumer payment security has changed dramatically in recent years as a result of the introduction and rapid spread of contactless payment technologies. In response to growing concerns about payment fraud, payment card networks in the United States have moved toward the rapid replacement of traditional magnetic-stripe payment card technology to new EMV (Europay, Mastercard, and Visa) computer chip–based technology. Notably, however, US card issuers and networks have chosen not to adopt the personal identification number (PIN) method of customer verification that has been standard in the United Kingdom and much of Europe for the past decade or so but instead have chosen signature verification as the preferred method. This article conducts an economic analysis of the regulation of consumer payment cards and payment card fraud. We examine the marginal benefits and costs from heightened levels of payment card security. We examine the dynamic evolution of payment card anti-fraud technology over time and suggest that there is little evidence of market failure in the provision of payment security by card networks and issuers and little reason to believe that mandating one exclusive, decades-old, static verification technology (namely, chip and PIN) would be likely to improve overall consumer welfare and economic efficiency today. We conclude that rather than blindly adopting the particular verification technology that Europe put into place many years ago, US regulators should be alert to the evolving and contemporary nature of consumer payments and the fluid nature of threats to data privacy and thus should not freeze or hamper the adaptability of the payment system.

An improvement design of groove-wound clothing on the licker-in—Part II. Application on the card machine

Due to spiral winding, there is an inclination angle between the teeth and the direction of the tangential velocity of the licker-in, which makes the teeth obliquely work with the fibers instead of vertically. In the previous work in Part I, we discussed the impacts of this using theoretical mechanical analysis and a digital model in ANSYS Explicit Dynamics. Based on the analysis, this paper makes a new type of card clothing for the licker-in and manufactures the rack by adding a process in the processing for traditional AT5610 × 05611 racks. The comparison of the two slivers worked by the traditional and new design licker-in card clothing show that the new design clothing has an increase of 24.41% on nep removal, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis. According to the paired samples test, the trash removal ratio and the short fiber content in the sliver, this new design shows no deterioration. For further discussion, we collect the noils and calculate the producing rate of the sliver, licker-in droppings and card strips with special collecting equipment. This new design shows a significant increase in the fiber yield percentage (8.45%) and a dramatic decrease for licker-in droppings (33.6%). Yarns from the new rack have better performance on breaking elongation (a decrease of 5.6%) and evenness. Therefore, this design has higher utilization for fibers and good commercial benefit.

Playing games can boost mathematical progress

When looking at ways to improve a child's progress and to increase learning opportunities in maths, traditional board games, card games and dominoes, for example, are all based on numerical concepts.

INTERACTION OF SEARCH CAPABILITIES OF ELECTRONIC AND TRADITIONAL (CARD) CATALOGS

Purpose. Interaction of search capabilities of electronic and traditional (card) catalogs. Subject: search capabilities of electronic and traditional (card) catalogs and their interaction. Goal: Creating efficient search system for library information services, updating and improving the information retrieval system. To reach this goal, following tasks are set: – to determine the possibility of parallel functioning of electronic and traditional card catalogs, and to reveal the interaction of their search capabilities by conducting a survey via questionnaire titled «Interaction of search capabilities of electronic and traditional (card) catalogs»; – to find out which search systems are preferred by users; – to estimate the actual condition of search capabilities of electronic and traditional (card) catalogs in the library. Methodology. On various stages of the survey the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, primary sources search; sociological method (survey). These methods allowed determining, processing and ana lyzing the whole complex of available sources, which became an important factor of research objectivity. Finding. Survey results allowed us to analyze the dynamics of changes, new needs of the readers, and to make a decision regarding the quality improvement of information search services. Practical value. Creating a theoretical foundation for implementation of set tasks is the practical value of the acquired findings. Conclusions and results of the research can be used in university students’, postgraduates’ and professors’ information search activities. Certain results of the research are used and implemented in practice of the library of Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University, namely at workshops on the basics of information culture (using bibliographic reference unit, information search by key words, authors and titles via electronic catalogue). Guides for users were created. Duty bibliographer’s work on providing information search services for the users was improved. Results. Consequently, the experience of the library of Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University’s shows that both electronic and card catalogs may coexist, they complement each other, and facilitate providing quality services for the users, that’s why today the discontinuation of using card catalogs is untimely. Traditional catalogs will be used for a long time. The advantage of using electronic catalogue is availability of quick and efficient information search by any element of bibliographic entry, as well as possibilities for completing various users’ requests. Experience confirms that only in their unity electronic and card catalogs mutually complement each other, facilitating quality bibliographic reference services for the library users. Results of survey via questionnaire allowed to analyze the dynamics of changes in information search activities, new readers’ needs, and to make a decision regarding the quality improvement of information search services.

Who Said Accounting Was Boring? Let´s Play Cards. The DAC Project

Accounting is often regarded as an abstract -and hence, boring- subject by students, although it is strongly linked to real life. In this paper, an experimental activity is presented as a complementary tool to theoretical classes in the subject Introduction to Finance Accounting, taught in English at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). This article aims at showing the use of the DAC project as a methodology that will help foster the motivation of those students as well as their understanding of the basic accounting concepts. Using several traditional card games, the authors expect to create a user-friendly learning environment, where the students feel motivated towards their self-learning construction process and can, at the same time, become comfortable with the basic accounting concepts and terminology in a CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) English subject. After a thorough revision of the literature on games being used for educational purposes, we explain how the DAC Project works in class, identify the main impacts on learning, analyse the outputs and reach some relevant conclusions. The main results of the literature consulted show that using cards in Higher Education produces significant improvement.

A Projector-Camera System for Augmented Card Playing and a Case Study with the Pelmanism Game

In this article, we propose a system for augmented card playing with a projector and a camera to add playfulness and increase communication among players of a traditional card game. The functionalities were derived on the basis of a user survey session with actual players. Playing cards are recogniz

A Secure Protocol for Exchanging Cards in P2P Trading Card Games Based on Transferable E-Cash

Trading card games (TCG) differ from traditional card games mainly because the cards employed are not shared among players in a match. Instead, users play with the cards they own (e.g., purchased or traded with other players), which corresponds to a subset of all cards produced by the game provider. Even though most computer-based TCGs rely on a trusted third-party (TTP) for preventing cheating during trades, allowing them to securely do so without such entity remains a challenging task. Potential solutions are related to e-cash protocols, but, unlike the latter, TCGs allow users to play with the cards under their possession, not only to pass those cards over. In this work, we present the security requirements of TCGs and how they relate to e-cash. We then propose a concrete, TTP-free protocol for anonymously trading cards, using as basis a secure transferable e-cash protocol.

A Secure Protocol for Exchanging Cards in P2P Trading Card Games Based on Transferable e-cash

Trading card games (TCG) distinguish from traditional card games mainly because the cards are not shared between players in a match. Instead, users play with the cards they own (e.g., purchased or traded with other players), which corresponds to a subset of all cards produced by the game provider. Even though most computer-based TCGs rely on a trusted third-party (TTP) for preventing cheating during trades, allowing them to securely do so without such entity remains a challenging task. Actually, potential solutions are related to e-cash protocols, but, unlike the latter, TCGs require users to play with the cards under their possession, not only to be able to pass those cards over. In this work, we present the security requirements of TCGs and how they relate to e-cash. We then propose a concrete, TTP-free protocol for anonymously trading cards, using as basis a secure transferable e-cash protocol.

Pandora's Digital Box: Digital Wallets and the Honor All Wallets Rules

Digital wallets are poised to transform the world of retailing. These digital wallets, such as ApplePay and Android Pay, are “smart” payment devices that can integrate payments with two-way, real-time communications of any type of data. Integration of payments with real-time communications holds out tremendous promise for retailers: the combination in a single platform of search, advertising, payment, shipping, customer service, and loyalty programs. Such an integrated retail platform offers brick-and-mortar retailers a potentially superior ability to identify, attract, and retain customers, bringing eCommerce-type platforms into the brick-and-mortar environment. At the same time, however, digital wallets present materially different risks for merchants than traditional plastic card payments precisely because of their “smart” nature. Digital wallets can reallocate flows of consumer data from merchants to financial institutions, depriving merchants of valuable customer information used for anti-fraud, advertising, loyalty, and customer service purposes. Digital wallets can also facilitate poaching of customers by competitors, impair merchants’ customer relationship management, deprive merchants of influence over tender choice and payment routing, increase fraud risk, subject merchants to patent infringement liability, and ultimately increase the costs of accepting payments. All of this suggests that merchants would accept digital wallets only selectively, based on the overall package of risks and rewards offered by any particular wallet. Merchants, however, are highly constrained in their ability to refuse or condition payments from digital wallets because of “Honor All Wallets” rules promulgated by American Express, MasterCard, and Visa for merchants that accept payments with their network brands. The Honor All Wallets rules require merchants to accept all network-branded payments from any device that uses a communications technology accepted by the merchant — magnetic stripe, Near Field Communications, QR codes, Internet, etc. The Honor All Wallets rules thus tie acceptance of a card network’s payments via digital wallets to the acceptance of traditional plastic cards that use the same communications technologies. The Honor All Wallets rules force merchants to accept payments from all digital wallets utilizing a card network brand, irrespective of the wallet’s risks. Honor All Wallets presents merchants with a digital Pandora’s Box. The Honor All Wallets rules also skew the competitive landscape for digital wallets. By preventing merchants from accepting only certain brands of payments from digital wallets, the Honor All Wallets rules foreclose entry to digital wallets that offer the most attractive valuation proposition for merchants — those that make low-cost PIN-debit and ACH payments. The Honor All Wallets rules thus artificially increase the market shares of the high-cost credit and signature debt products of American Express, MasterCard, and Visa in the payment card network services market. By facilitating consumer use of high-cost wallets, the Honor All Wallets rules ironically impede the adoption of digital wallets altogether. Accordingly, this Article argues that the Honor All Wallets rules should invite serious antitrust scrutiny.

Optimization Algorithm in Traditional Card Game Rummy 21

Everyone will want to get the best in life, maximize or optimize what owned to get something better. The best results are affected by the decision optimally taking into account all the constraints. This is became the basis for new breakthroughs in the game by developing the science of artificial intelligence (AI). How computer game can make the best decision by looking at the existing constraints or limitations. Algorithm optimization has fully supported the decision, using the object Balinese traditional card game Rummy 21. The main concept of the game Rummy 21 is to calculate the value of the card. Player gets a value of about 21, and not more than 21. Cards exceeds the number 21 does not qualify or fall. Decision-making in the game Rummy 21 is making the decision to add a card or survive on the value of the card now. Implementation of AI in this game is devoted to the single player game. The purpose of this study was to produce a game with AI features that can think like humans in solving problems while preserving the traditional game using the technology of mobile gaming. General Terms Implementation AI, Optimization Problem, Decision-making, Single Player Games, Balinese Traditional Topic.

A Compressed Brain Image Classification System Enhance with Multi Image Particle Swarm Optimization Segmentation

Compression methods reduce the file size of images through the reduction of data required for representing images that are similar to the original by way or removing redundancies. Smart cards possess embedded integrated circuits comprising memory as well as micro-processing components. Images regarding the card holder's medical history, fingerprints, palm print and so on are stored. Multi-application smart cards are rapidly becoming the replacement for traditional cards like driving license, identity cards, credit cards and so on as a single card. Hence, the quantity of information in storage within one card is great, which requires techniques for compressing the data so that the card may be effectively used. Images are segmented through extension of active contour models for finding image contours through the suggested Multi Image Particle Swarm Optimization (MI-PSO).

Application of improved insulin injections abdomen locator card in the empty nest elderly diabetic patients

Objective To compare the differences in the use of effects of improved and traditional abdominal positioning locator card in the empty nest elderly diabetic patients with insulin pen injection. Methods 100 discharged cases of empty nest elderly diabetic patients with insulin treated were enrolled. They were divided into two groups by random digital table method, 50 cases in traditional positioning card injection group and 50 cases in improved positioning card injection group. Usage rate of two sets of locator cart, adverse reactions in local skin injection and blood glucose control were observed for 12 months. Results After 12 months, 44 cases occupied 88% in improved positioning card injection group were not about using positioning card while 30 cases occupied 60% in traditional positioning card injection group. The difference was statistical significance (P<0.05). After 12 months, only 3 cases in improved positioning card injection group appeared local injection site reactions which was significantly lower than 31 cases in the traditional positioning card injection group, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05); 12 months later, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of improved positioning card injection group and traditional positioning card injection group [(7.0±1.5) mmol/L and (7.8±1.9) mmol/L, (10.7±2.1)mmol/L and (12.3±2.2)mmol/L, (7.1±1.3)% and (7.7±1.5)%] were all decreased significantly than before. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). FBG, 2 h PBG, HbA1c of improved positioning card injection group were decreased more significantly than that in traditional positioning card injection group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The standard rate of HbA1c [64% (32/50)] in improved positioning card injection group was higher than that in traditional positioning card injection group [42%(21/50)]. The difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Conclusions The modified abdominal injection locator card can improve patients' positioning card usage rate, optimize insulin injection technique, reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions in local skin injection and improve the control of blood glucose. Key words: Diabetes; Insulin; Injection locator card; Empty nest elderly patients; Improvement

Testing Taxonomies: Beyond Card Sorting

EDITOR'S SUMMARYWhether created by user experience designers or information specialists, taxonomies should always be subjected to evaluation processes. The taxonomy's terms and relationships must be assessed in the context of its implementation as part of information architecture. Traditional card sorting in a face‐to‐face setting can be performed by any number of testers working independently; delphi‐method card sorting involves iterative review by a succession of testers. Each requires advance preparation of cards showing candidate terms to be arranged in a way that makes sense to each tester. Dialogue with testers during the process provides qualitative insight into their thinking and logic, and data analysis sheds light on users' mental models of the taxonomy. Usability studies then reveal how testers use the taxonomy to navigate, search and tag content. With similar preparation, online sorting methods facilitate testing and provide rich results for analysis. Regardless of the method used, testers should be selected with care, and terms must be distinguished from navigation and context. Testing should be performed early, using small studies to focus on key areas and larger samples for quantitative analysis.

A Common Data Storage Solution for SE-based Membership Card Applications

In order to encourage customers to return, more and more retailers issue membership cards that offer certain exclusive benefits to the customers who own them. As it is not convenient for the customers to bring many plastic membership cards with them, electronic membership cards emerge. However, traditional electronic membership cards are stored in the mobile phone that usually lacks enough security protection. This paper presents a common data storage solution for SE-based membership card applications, which can enable retailers not only to deploy membership cards on secure area easily, but also to access membership cards in a fast and secure manner. Since the proposed solution provides common and simplified interfaces for managing membership card application information, the service providers will not have to know much about the complicated application management mechanism within a SE and thus the overhead of developing and deploying a SE-based membership card application is greatly reduced.

Enhancing the Security of Credit Card Transaction based on Visual DSC

People have transferred their business model from traditional commerce to e-commerce in recent decades. Both shopping and payment can be completed through the Internet and bring convenience to consumers and business opportunities to industry. These trade techniques are mostly set up based on the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). SSL provides the security for transaction information and is easy to set up, which makes it is widely accepted by individuals. Although attackers cannot obtain the real content even when the transferred information is intercepted, still there is risk for online trade. For example, it is impossible to prevent credit card information from being stolen by virtual merchant. Therefore, we propose a new mechanism to solve such security problem. We make use of the disposable dynamic security code (DSC) to replace traditional card security code. So even attackers get DSC for that round of transaction, they cannot use it for the next time. Besides, we apply visual secret sharing techniques to transfer the DSC, so that interceptors cannot retrieve the real DSC even for one round of trade. This way, we can improve security of credit card transaction and reliability of online business. The experiments results validate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed mechanism.

Wanted: an efficient and user friendly library catalogue

AbstractMany people find great challenges in using library catalogues. Current OPACs have developed from the traditional card catalogue structure while the MARC formats have primarily provided coding conventions for the traditional bibliographic description. Cataloguers invest significant effort in preparing catalogue records. Yet some studies show that the product of their work is not as useful as it could be. OPACs and their users efficiently use only a fraction of data present in catalogue records. We will explore which parts of the catalogue record are useful and which are not. We will analyze how an alternative catalogue record, based on Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, would aid in maximizing the catalogue record’s usefulness.

Aboriginal card gamblers and non-card gamblers: do they differ?

Many Indigenous populations engage in traditional gambling games, but little is known about their contemporary usage or the characteristics of people who participate. This paper presents the first quantitative study of traditional Indigenous Australian card gambling. The aim of this research was to compare Indigenous Australian card gamblers with non-card gamblers in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, gambling behaviour and motivations, gambling cognitions, gambling consequences, substance use while gambling and problem gambling severity. A gambling survey was conducted at Indigenous festivals, in several communities and online. Within a sample of 1001 gamblers, 414 people had gambled on traditional card games in the previous 12 months. Many card gamblers commenced gambling while young, were highly involved in both cards and commercial gambling and gambled because most of their family and friends also gamble. An important difference revealed here is that card gamblers gamble on more forms of commercial gambling than non-card gamblers. Gambling appears as a deep-seated habit in some participants' lives and although the proportion classified as problem gamblers is high in this sample the card gamblers held more realistic cognitions about chances of winning than did the non-card gamblers.

Life course analysis of gambling trajectories: an Indigenous Australian study

Traditional card gambling is a culturally acceptable recreational activity for generations of Indigenous Australians. Commercial gambling activities are popular as well. This study drew on a life course approach and a sample of 57 Indigenous Australian people to examine their gambling trajectories over time that resulted in recreational gambling or in disordered gambling. To gain in-depth insight into various gambling trajectories, this study used an interpretative phenomenological methodology. At early childhood, teenage, young adult and mature adult stages, major gambling influences appeared as dependence, independence, timing of major shifts and transitions, and rationalization, respectively. The study showed that being a recreational or disordered gambler was a shifting or fluctuating position, subject to transitions and events in people's lives rather than a one-way path in either direction. Within a complex cultural environment, the dynamic interplay between social density, context and individual choice appears to influence gambling trajectories for these Indigenous Australians.

Design of a Carding Machine Modern Main Cylinder

The following paper presents the design of a modern main cylinder in the carding machine with a special bottom with a conical ring. In order to find the optimum dimensions of the cylinder, considering the criterion of minimal deflection, parametric FEM model of the cylinder developed in the ANSYS package has been used. Polak-Ribery conjugate gradient method has been applied for searching the optimal solution. As a result of the performed analyses, reduction of maximum deflection value at approximately 80% has been obtained. Optimal cylinder dimensions enable application of a new textile technology - microfibre carding and improvement in the quality of traditional carding technology of woolen and wool-like fibres.

C-MAS: The Cloud Mutual Authentication Scheme

A cloud mutual authentication scheme (C-MAS) is proposed to solve the problem of authentication between user and cloud computing server. Trusted computing technology and traditional smart card methods are used in cloud computing service platform. The scheme completes the authentication of both sides in cloud computing, generates the session key according consulting, at the same time, verifies the credibility of cloud service platform. Analysis shows that our scheme can resist various kinds of possible attacks, so it is therefore more secure than other schemes. And the computing time meet the requirements of cloud computing environment.