Traditional Authority Research Articles

Berebut Makna Lewat Dui’ Menre’: Analisis Mengenai Ideologi dalam Perkawinan Bugis

The rite of dui’ menre’ bestowal in Bugis marriage positions women as object of exchange. However, this rite generates contradictory effect. On one hand, it is perceived as burdensome because the broom parties have to give a relatively big amount of money to the bride parties. On the other hand, the Bugenese keep running the rite. Hence, the rite of dui’ menre’ is not only a ritual of giving-and-taking money, but also an ideological conduct. There is something powerful that forces people to keep doing the rite solemnly. This research lead me to conduct this research. There are two objectives of the reserach. First, it tries to find the form of ideology and fantasy which support the rite of dui’ menre’ be towal; second, it wants to expose the Bugenese sub ject position in the face of dui’ menre’ bestowal. The fieldwork was conducted in Pinrang district, South Celebes. To discuss the matter, this research utilizes Ideological Criticism and Sexuation developed by Slavoj Zizek from Lacanian concepts. Slavoj Zizek’s Ideological Crit icism is used to find out the fantasy which supports an ideology. Meanwhile, sexuation is utilized to show the impossibility of sexual relation defined by Bugenese through dui’ menre’ r ite. Dui’ menre’ is not only a language of tradition as it were in the era of traditional authority, but also a languageof economy which makes woman as an object of exchange. Dui’ menre ‘ is a challenge that must be conquered by a man to get a woman. In the contemporary era, several forces collide. Bugis feudalism, Islam, and capitalism interweave in the same issue. In the rite of ui’ menre’, woman is reduced to be object cause of desire for man. In this symbolic realm the Bugenese subjects present and take position. Generally, there are several Bugis subject positions in responding dui’ menre’, na mely psychosis, perve rse, obsess ive neurotic, and histeria.

Kutubusittah dan Kutubutis’ah


 The purpose of this research is to find out the difference between kutubusittah and kutubutis'ah. Kutubusittah is the six books of hadith which are the master books of hadith, namely Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan At-Tarmizi, Sunan An-Nasa'I and Sunan Ibn Mazah, while kutubutis'ah is the six books of hadith in kutubusittah plus Al-Muwatha' by Imam Malik, These books are a form of the rapid development of hadith science in the third century hijriyah, with the existence of the kutubusittah and kutubutis'ah, the traditions are protected from false traditions and have been separated from da'if traditions. Based on the hard work and earnestness of the scholars of hadith during this period, books of hadith were published which contained authentic traditions and were protected from false traditions known as kutubusittah (six books) and kutubutis'ah (nine books) which can still be found today. Thus the third century Hijri was a golden age for the civilization of the Islamic world.
 Keywords: Kutubusittah, Kutubutis’ah

KEKARAENGAN RUMBIA: Study of the Traditional Turatea Government System in Jeneponto

Abstract: Rumbia is one of the regions of the Turatea Kingdom in Jeneponto which has a traditional government system called kekaraengan. This research was conducted to find out how the traditional government system “ke karaengan” of Rumbia and why karaeng is no longer common in Turatea. This study uses historical methodology through four main steps of the historical method, namely: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that (1) Rumbia's karaengan was formed through the concept of tumanurung which is a symbol of the life of its supporting community, (2) Rumbia has a Customary Council from a unitary of four villages called Bakuq Appaka or Pangngadakkan, (3) Rumbia's karaengan underwent changes when the Dutch succeeded in controlling the area in 1863.

Examining the impact of customary land secretariats on decentralised land governance in Ghana: Evidence from stakeholders in Northern Ghana

The complexities of customary land tenure continue to dominate academic and policy debates on sustainable land management particularly in the sub-Saharan African context. Central to the raging debate is the idea of harmonizing the disparate customary and statutory tenure systems to afford clarity, certainty and safeguard tenure security of landholders. Towards this end, proponents have endorsed Customary Land Secretariats (CLSs) as an interface between traditional authorities and statutory land agencies. Yet there is relatively limited empirical evidence on the dynamics of customary land governance in the contemporary context. Drawing on mixture of household survey (n = 115) and key-informant interviews with landowners and CLS officials (n = 6), this paper explores the role of customary land secretariats as operational vehicles for improved customary land governance in the Upper East and West regions of Ghana. The findings demonstrate that whereas CLSs’ presented a good window of opportunity for strengthening decentralized land governance in the study areas, there were important gender-based differences in the knowledge of the core functions of the CLSs as well as women’s involvement in land related discourse in the study areas. The study found no female as a landowner (Tendamba) or land overlord and few women were land users in the study areas. This is suggestive of the limited participation of women in the existing customary land governance framework in the study areas. Although CLSs are expected to work as interface between traditional authorities and statutory land agencies, the level of involvement of landowners in the activities of CLSs was very minimal, suggestive of a disconnect between the Tendambas and the CLSs. These findings have far reaching implications in terms of ongoing policy attempts at re-engineering customary land governance arrangements and to strengthen the CLSs framework to act as an interface for equitable land governance within the context of customary land management and tenure security in Ghana. As a way forward, the paper argues that context-specific strategies to gender mainstreaming and capacity building remains vital in strengthening the CLSs to deliver a ‘win-win’ equitable customary land management.

Inhibiting Factors for Collaborative Water Governance: A Case Study of Mount Merapi Ecosystem in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The ecosystem around Mount Merapi, Indonesia, has many potential water sources. Still, poor management and a decrease in springs may lead to a water crisis in 2029 that could affect millions of residents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study aims to identify the inhibiting factors for collaborative water governance under the threat of a water crisis. This research used qualitative descriptive research with data collected through interviews, documents, and observations. The analysis involved data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification to explore Yogyakarta's water management aspects. The study suggests that collaborative water governance involving multiple stakeholders, including non-government actors, is crucial for effective water management. The local government dominates water management, while private and community groups have minimal involvement. There is a need for more specific regulations that comprehensively regulate water management and conservation efforts in the regions. Water management in Yogyakarta is classified under traditional governance due to the limited involvement of non-government actors and the minimal participation space provided by the regional government. A comprehensive regulation is needed to address water conservation, and complete collaboration among stakeholders is necessary to overcome obstacles in the water management crisis.

Papal Bull: Print, Politics, and Propaganda in Renaissance Rome by Margaret Meserve

Reviewed by: Papal Bull: Print, Politics, and Propaganda in Renaissance Rome by Margaret Meserve Christa Lundberg (bio) Papal Bull: Print, Politics, and Propaganda in Renaissance Rome By Margaret Meserve. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2021. Pp. xii + 437. Historians of the Reformation have long emphasized the seminal role of printing in spreading Luther's critique of the papacy and galvanizing support for this cause. In associating printing with reform and innovation more generally, it has been thought that traditional religious authorities were suspicious of the new technology—hesitant to adopt it and prone to censorship of it. Margaret Meserve's Papal Bull sets out to challenge this narrative by showing how printing served the papacy in the period between Gutenberg's first publication and the posting of Luther's theses. Eight substantial, thematic chapters convincingly prove this point, highlighting the diverse publications that bolstered papal authority or propagated its message. Along the way, Meserve sheds new light on the cultural and political significance of printing and publication in this period. The titular "papal bull" is one of the many genres of printing that Meserve's book explores, alongside polemical pamphlets, guidebooks for pilgrims to Rome, devotional works, and orations to popes. Still, bulls are particularly central to Meserve's case for papal involvement in printing and for considering communicative practices before and after Gutenberg. The earlier history of these letters or orders reveals how concerns about how to communicate with a wide audience significantly precedes printing (ch. 1). One strategy of publication was to post messages on prominent doors in Rome and other places—this was considered equivalent to personal delivery of the bull. A particularly revealing and recurring challenge was giving notice of excommunication. This was a message that no target audience was interested in receiving. Therefore, it required special measures of posting in surrounding areas. As Meserve shows, printing could not remove these challenges. Instead, the new technology came to play a part within wider systems of publication. The thematic chapters of Papal Bull facilitate consultation on a variety of historical topics from the Pazzi conspiracy to the cult of the Madonna of Loreto. Meserve's method of surveying all printed materials relating to such themes is moreover productive from a book historian's point of view—particularly for considering the question of why certain texts were printed. It is often difficult to explain why a particular edition was made, but patterns emerge in [End Page 606] broad, comparative perspective. In this way, Meserve distinguishes between editions made in pursuit of patronage from others catering to a popular cult and traces collaborations between the papal chancery and various Roman printers. Book historians will also gain fresh perspectives on other, more familiar themes, as Meserve traces the emergence of a "papal" title page in the first decade of the sixteenth century (ch. 8) and discusses how printing could promote greater iconographical flux rather than stability (ch. 6). Papal Bull establishes that the papacy in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries used printing with increasing frequency and for a variety of purposes. Meserve thereby extends and adds to Paolo Sachet's Publishing for the Popes (2020), which showed that the papacy pursued printing strategically in the decades after 1527. While Meserve thus contributes to challenging the view that the traditional religious authorities were hesitant to embrace printing, she nevertheless maintains that the papacy made less innovative use of printing compared to its opponents. We encounter examples of the latter throughout Papal Bull, such as the bishop of Trent who attempted to convince an unwilling Pope Sixtus IV to declare Simon of Trent a martyr in the late 1470s by launching a remarkably extensive (if ultimately unsuccessful) press campaign. Another striking use of print by papal critics is the case of two editions of faked proceedings from supposedly ongoing Church councils, one in Florence and another in Basel, produced as attempts to conjure such meetings. Meserve argues that an important reason why the papacy did not turn as eagerly to print is that it had other, more potent political tools at hand: diplomacy, legislation, and warfare. This argument reframes the problem of printing and innovation in a nonjudgmental way by...

Environmental Governance in Gold Mining: The Role of Traditional Institutions in Asutifi North District of Ghana

Mining projects in mineral-rich countries have been justified as contributing to economic growth and social well-being. There are environmental, economic, and social problems resulting from mining; therefore, the need for society to pool institutions to form environmental governance systems to manage these effects. It is within these institutions that power is prescribed, legitimated, and controlled. This study examines the roles of traditional authorities in environmental governance in mining in the Asutifi North District of Ghana. A qualitative case study design combining purposive and convenience sampling was used to select 52 respondents from traditional, state, and business institutions and 29 household respondents. The traditional institutions mostly played the role of development agents in their communities. Even though they have not been entirely successful in substituting for the state, they have complemented the state structures by holding the societies together despite daunting economic, political, and environmental challenges they faced.

“We Reach to People Through Different Means”: Factors That Influence HIV Counseling and Testing Among Religious People in Lilongwe, Malawi

A descriptive qualitative study among 12 religious leaders and 10 members from seven different religions using in-depth interviews was conducted to explore the factors that influence HIV testing among religious people in the area of Traditional Authority Chitukula, Lilongwe district. Participants and sites were purposively selected and all interviews were recorded using a digital recorder, then transcribed and translated into English. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach. The study showed that prayer has a prominent role in the management of HIV and AIDS. The barriers to HIV testing include a belief in faith healing, the rules of a specific church, and a perception of a low risk of HIV infection among religious people. Interventions that could promote HIV testing include the implementation of HIV self-testing, mobile and or door-to-door HIV services, church-based HIV testing services, and facility-based services that are integrated with other services to preserve privacy. Religious platforms can be leveraged in the delivery of HIV testing services. The promotion of religious-based prevention interventions needs to consider the foundations and beliefs of each religion and be able to contextualize the methods which can be achieved by continuous dialogue and support from religious leaders.

Untold story of the expanding armed banditry in Nigeria’s Northwest: linking the communal-level collaborators

This study interrogates the often de-emphasised and understudied communal-level dimension of the armed banditry in Nigeria’s Northwest region. Data collection was based on mixed methods and documentary evidence. The study dissects the communal dimension of the expanding armed banditry in Nigeria’s Northwest from three communal-level perspectives, namely (1) wholesale farmland allocation, (2) poor vigilante governance and (3) bandits’ covert alliance with some traditional authorities for intelligence and benefits sharing. It concludes that these underlying communal-linked factors are implicated in the pervasiveness of armed banditry in Nigeria’s Northwest region. The study recommends livestock reformation by implementing all the extant grazing reserves, forestry laws and policies.

Sites of Solitude: Situating the Wilderness of Nature in Wei-Jin Dark Learning and Emerson

For Daoism, the wilderness of nature beyond human society has often been viewed as a site for eremitic retreat in spiritual solitude, a realm where an individual can transcend the limits of social existence. While this tradition flourished in the early medieval Wei-Jin period, Daoism-inspired Dark Learning thinkers of the time also explored ways in which such a realm of solitude could be attained and enjoyed without the necessity of leaving behind the mundane world, an endeavor that has clear parallels with the function of solitude in Emerson’s Transcendentalism. This paper focuses on three sites where both Emerson and Dark Learning thinkers located such access to solitude: aesthetic appreciation of nature, metaphysical speculation, and authentic social relationships. In both Emerson and Dark Learning, the universal implications of metaphysical speculation provided a path by which the solitude and independence attainable in the wilderness of nature could be connected to individuals in social life, providing a foundation for ethics outside of traditional authority that led both Emerson and Dark Learning to face similar criticisms from more conservative contemporaries.

The Dutch Indies Colonial Government System In Onderafdeling Bonthain 1905-1942

This study aims to determine (i) the transition process from the traditional government system to the colonial government system. (ii) the colonial government administration system, (iii) the influence of the colonial government system on politics and economic activity in Onder Afdeling Bonthain 1905-1942. This study uses a qualitative approach that focuses on historical methods, through the stages of: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography to find and describe and interpret using data collection techniques through literature and archival reviews. The results of this study indicate that (i) there has been a transition from the traditional government system where the basics of implementing traditional government/kakaraengang are based on customs and royal law. Besides that, With the arrival of the Dutch Colonial, Ada' Sampulo Ruwa officially became Adatregentschapraad as a financial management institution for the local government. (ii) the administrative system developed by the colonial government was fully aimed at supporting the growing paternalistic pattern which had inspired the bureaucratic system in the empire era which was based on the 1922 decentralization law. (iii) the influence of the colonial government system on politics and economic activity in Onderafdeling Bonthain resulted in a process of structural transformation from traditional political and economic structures towards colonial and modern political and economic structures.

Study on the Restoration and Control of Yulin Landscape, Forest, Field, Lake and Grass System

Yulin city is a national high-end energy and chemical industry base. After more than 40 years of development of coal mining area, the geological disasters and ecological environment damage caused by the original coal mine goaf have become the urgent ecological environment problems that perplex the sustainable development of Yulin city. The traditional ecological governance mode of mining area, with high governance cost, large implementation resistance and poor ecological benefits, can not meet the requirements of Yulin mining area With the new requirements of ecological environment and economic development, it is urgent to explore a new model of ecological governance in mining areas. On the basis of ecological restoration in mining area, this paper puts forward the development mode of ecological restoration and multi industry integration in mining area, and analyzes it based on SWOT model, in order to provide a practical way for the sustainable development of mining area in Yulin City, so as to make sustainable use of resources and sustainable development of ecological environment.

Armed Groups and the Environment in Cameroon: The Impact of Boko-Haram and Anglophone Secessionist on the Environment in Crisis Regions

Cameroon is blessed with a rich natural environment composed of the forest, rich and diversified biodiversity, soils rich in oil, gas and minerals, beautiful coasts and rivers. Since 2013, Cameroons’ environment has come under serious threats from the activities of Boko-Haram and Anglophone secessionist armed groups. This article assesses the impact of Boko-haram and the Anglophone secessionists on Cameroon’s environment including; the forest, animal and plant biodiversity, rivers, and the soil in crisis areas of the North, North West and South West regions respectively. But, how do non-state armed groups impact the environment and what are the perspectives for strengthening environmental protection? The study uses public policy and constructivism models to analyze legal and policy data on environmental protection and the environmental damages of Boko-Haram and Anglophone secessionists in the North, North West and South West regions of Cameroon respectively. Results of this study show that Bako-Haram and the Anglophone secessionist armed groups are a major cause of destruction of the forest and soil, water pollution and illegal exploitation of biodiversity in violation of international conventions and national conservation laws and policies. This study identifies concerted action of key stakeholders including; international organizations, the state of Cameroon, civil society actors and traditional authorities as a measure to orientate and strengthen environmental protection in Cameroon in crisis zones.

Witnesses to the Living God: Three Paradigms for Approaching the Politics of Nouvelle Théologie*

Witnesses to the Living God: Three Paradigms for Approaching the Politics of <i>Nouvelle Théologie</i>*

Barriers affecting COVID‑19 vaccination in Phalombe District, Malawi: A qualitative study.

In Malawi, only 1 072 229 people out of a national target population of 13 546 324 had received at least one dose of the AstraZeneca COVID‑19 vaccine by 26 December 2021, and only 672 819 people were classified as fully vaccinated. Phalombe District in Malawi had particularly low COVID‑19 vaccine uptake, with only 4% (n=8 538) of 225 219 people being fully vaccinated by 26 December. To explore reasons for vaccine hesitancy and refusal among people living in Phalombe District. This cross-sectional qualitative study employed six focus group discussions (FGDs) and 19 in-depth interviews (IDIs) to collect data. We purposefully selected two traditional authorities (TAs), Nazombe and Nkhumba, as study areas, and conducted FGDs and IDIs in 6 randomly selected villages in these two TAs. Participants were religious leaders, traditional leaders, youths, traditional healers and ordinary community members. We explored reasons for vaccine refusal and hesitancy, how contextual cultural beliefs influenced people's decision to receive the COVID‑19 vaccine, and which sources of information were trusted in the community. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis. We conducted 19 IDIs and six FGDs. Themes that emerged from the data were reasons for vaccine refusal and hesitancy, contextual cultural beliefs affecting the decision whether to be vaccinated, ways to improve COVID‑19 vaccine uptake, and means of communicating information about COVID‑19 vaccines. Participants mentioned that myths contributing to vaccine refusal and hesitancy circulated in the community through social media. With regard to contextual cultural beliefs, most participants believed that COVID‑19 was a disease of rich people, while others believed that it signalled the end of the world and that it could not be cured. Health systems should recognise and acknowledge the reasons leading to vaccine hesitancy and refusal and address these appropriately to improve vaccine uptake. Effective community sensitisation and engagement should be enhanced to clarify myths and address misinformation about the COVID‑19 vaccine.

Demystifying business models (shifts) among Ghanaian creative entrepreneurs in a COVID-19 era

PurposeThere is growing scholarly discourse towards COVID-19 pandemic and creative entrepreneurship in the perspectives of Global South. Extant literature lacks sufficient empirical evidence on the subject matter. This paper therefore provides insights into business models and business model shifts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic among creative entrepreneurs in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachIn working towards achieving the purpose of the study, a qualitative design was deployed. Four artistic communities in three regions were understudied. The study conducted working interviews, Focus Group Discussions and field observations on the creative entrepreneurs.FindingsThe results showed a unique business model that captured ministries, agencies and departments; traditional authorities, foreigners and the diaspora community as key creative partners. The creative entrepreneurs equally proposed value via quality deliveries, attractive pattern mix, pure handy crafts, mart finishing, imbibing culture into productions and symbolic meanings. Their key activities include cutting and gluing, sewing and coloring, sketching and prototyping, annual Kente festivals, film shooting and editing. The creatives stream revenue through sales, advances, profit margins, contracts, gate proceeds, loans, friends and family support. The results also point at a regime of business model shifts among the creatives, deploying digitalization and diversification in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.Research limitations/implicationsThe research by design is limited to the qualitative tradition; despite knowing well about the quantitative approach that could have provided a wider scope and coverage for effective generalizability. Certainly, it would be of future research interest to design a comparative mix-method study to achieve a wider coverage feat. Indeed, the paper does achieve the goal of providing an original empirical account, hence making a valid contribution to knowledge in the area of study.Practical implicationsThe knowledge on demystified business models relative to the Ghanaian creative entrepreneurs has practical implications for practice: first, it generates a ground-up knowledge as to what creative entrepreneurial business models are, why they exist and exactly how to create one in a Global South perspective.Social implicationsThese creative business models and the COVID-19 induced model shifts among the Ghanaian creative entrepreneurs imply continuous creative livelihoods, sustainable business models and assurance for innovation in creative entrepreneurship space.Originality/valueThe study is of high scientific value, creative entrepreneurial essence and public interest to better demystify creative entrepreneurial business models and theoretically framed them. It offers strong empirical evidence on COVID-19 induced business model shifts. These creative business models and the COVID-19 induced model shifts among the Ghanaian creative entrepreneurs imply continuous creative livelihoods, sustainable business models and assurance for innovation in creative entrepreneurship space.

Illegitimation of same-sex sexualities in news reports of selected Nigerian newspapers

Nigeria has stringent legislation against same-sex identified people and their supporters. Scholarly attention on same-sex relationships in the Nigerian context has mainly been on the legalistic and sociological perspectives, with little attention paid to how language serves as a means of illegitimising same-sex sexualities in the Nigerian media. This study, therefore, examines illegitimation strategies in the representation of same-sex sexualities in news reports of selected Nigerian newspapers. van Leeuwen’s theory of legitimation and Critical Discourse Analysis were adopted as the framework, for their contextual approaches to language. A total of 80 news reports on same-sex sexualities from four purposively selected Nigerian newspapers ( Vanguard, The Punch, Nigerian Tribune and The Sun) were randomly sampled. The newspapers were selected based on their preponderant coverage of reports on LGBT people between 2013 and 2015. Journalists used experts’ authority, role-model/personal authority, authority of tradition, conformity, moral evaluation and analogy to legitimise discrimination against non-heterosexuals in news reports. This paper argues that the media are instrumental in the continuous violence against non-heterosexuals in Nigeria.

Faku’s Tusks: Colonialism, Resistance and Accommodation in Early 20th‐Century South Africa

An African ploughing his fields in western Mpondoland in 1910 uncovered two elephant tusks at the site of what had once been King Faku’s homestead. This obscure incident in the Transkeian Territories of South Africa provides an entry point to examining the consolidation of colonial bureaucratic control, and African responses to it, in the second decade of the 20th century by the Union of South Africa government. The unearthing of the tusks illuminated, on the one hand, Mpondo attempts to control the relics of Faku, and the memories associated with them, and to reassert traditional authority over the allocation of land; and on the other, efforts by the colonial administration of the Transkei to tighten control over land and strengthen ‘native affairs’ administration. In the process it explores how differing approaches to dealing with the government and contestations for power within Mpondo society impacted on their relations with the colonial state.

Skill Versus Voice in Local Development

AbstractWhere the state is weak, traditional authorities control the local provision of public goods. These leaders come from an older, less educated generation and often rule in an authoritarian and exclusionary fashion. This means the skills of community members may not be leveraged in policymaking. We experimentally evaluate two solutions to this problem in Sierra Leone: one encourages delegation to higher-skill individuals, and a second fosters broader inclusion in decision making. In a real-world infrastructure grants competition, a public nudge to delegate led to better outcomes than the default of chiefly control, whereas attempts to boost participation were largely ineffective.

The Quran and the Sword

Abstract This paper elucidates the willingness of an autocrat to push through institutional reforms in a context where traditional authorities represented by religious clerics are averse to them and where the military control the means of repression and can potentially stage a coup. We show that although the autocrat always wants to co-opt the military, this is not necessarily true of the clerics. Exclusive co-option of the military obtains where the loyalty of the autocrat’s army is strong while the organizational strength of religious movements is rather low. Radical institutional reforms can then be implemented. Empirically, the dominant regime in contemporary Muslim countries is the regime of double co-option where the autocrat resorts to a double-edged tactic: pleasing the official clerics by slowing the pace of reforms and ensuring the loyalty of the military so as to put down clerics-led rebellions.