Traditional Architectural Style Research Articles

Climate-responsive wada architecture: a bioclimatic design for climate change resilience

ABSTRACT With rising living standards and a growing global population, the energy consumption of buildings is predicted to soar. Energy efficiency and occupant comfort may both be enhanced by constructing buildings with climate-sensitive design principles in mind. The traditional architectural style of a given region, known as vernacular architecture, has changed throughout the years to accommodate the local climate. One example of a vernacular style of building that made use of climate-responsive design to produce energy-efficient and aesthetically pleasing structures is the Wada style, which is located in the Pune region of India. The performance of the traditional Wada House envelope and its thermal characteristics are being researched in this study. This study investigates the thermal performance of traditional Wada houses, utilizing simulation models, validation, and analyzing climate change scenarios for 2050 and 2080. Research shows that passive design principles are widely used in Wada architecture to control inside temperatures and cut down on energy usage. Insulation through thick walls and roofs, orientation to reduce solar heat gain, and natural ventilation are all part of these measures.

Ecclesiastical Ergonomics? Human Factors in Traditional and Modern Sacred Architecture

Recent innovations in building materials, design methods, and construction techniques have allowed architects to experiment with new and daring architectural forms. While Modernist and Contemporary architecture may be innovative, its effects on human users tend to be mixed. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of traditional and modern styles of ecclesiastical (church) architecture in supporting certain aspects of human psychological and physiological well-being, namely restorative and focusing effects. A literature review was performed to identify spatial, lighting, and decorative design features thought to support these human factors, with a particular focus on the design theories of Biophilia and Prospect-Refuge. These features were compared to design aspects of traditional and modern church architecture. Traditional architectural styles were found to incorporate more features identified as supporting restorative and focusing effects than modern styles. Recommendations were developed for adjustments to church spaces to improve the subjective experience of visitors.

Development of a Method for Commercial Style Transfer of Historical Architectural Facades Based on Stable Diffusion Models.

In the sphere of urban renewal of historic districts, preserving and innovatively reinterpreting traditional architectural styles remains a primary research focus. However, the modernization and adaptive reuse of traditional buildings often necessitate changes in their functionality. To cater to the demands of tourism in historic districts, many traditional residential buildings require conversion to commercial use, resulting in a mismatch between their external form and their internal function. This study explored an automated approach to transform traditional residences into commercially viable designs, offering an efficient and scalable solution for the modernization of historic architecture. We developed a methodology based on diffusion models, focusing on a dataset of nighttime shopfront facades. By training a low-rank adaptation (LoRA) model and integrating the ControlNet model, we enhanced the accuracy and stability of the generated images. The methodology's performance was validated through qualitative and quantitative assessments, optimizing the batch size, repetition, and learning rate configurations. These evaluations confirmed the method's effectiveness. Our findings significantly advance the modern commercial style transformation of historical architectural facades, providing a novel solution that maintains the aesthetic and functional integrity, thereby fostering breakthroughs in traditional design thinking and exploring new possibilities for the preservation and commercial adaptation of historical buildings.

Dual Cultural Influence on the Architectural Style Evolution of San Francisco Chinatown: A Comprehensive Examination

Abstract The unique neighborhood style of San Francisco Chinatown is influenced by Chinese and American culture, history and social system. Through field investigation, Chinese and English literature collection, and spatial analysis, this paper interprets the motivation of its style evolution. In the process of research, the author tries to analyze the changes and driving forces of Chinatown in San Francisco from three dimensions: the city scale, the blocks scale, and the building scale. The results show that the formation process of Chinatown in San Francisco and the range of its blocks are deeply influenced by the world political pattern in the early 20th century, the Sino-American multi-party regulations and Sino-American relations. The architectural style of the block is influenced by the Eastern and Western cultures, which is a distinctive architectural feature. The traditional architecture is deeply influenced by the architectural style of southern Fujian, while the new architecture is mainly based on the modernist architectural style. Among the main factors affecting the evolution of Chinatown in San Francisco, gold rush, earthquake, traditional Chinese architectural style and immigration policy to China are the internal mechanisms of the formation of Chinatown’s spatial characteristics.

전통가옥을 활용한 카페 인테리어의 내부 구성요소에 관한 연구

The main purpose of this study is to understand the versatility by analyzing the colors of the interior components of the cafe interior using modern traditional houses from three countries in East Asia. To this end, the concept and category of traditional houses were redefined and the characteristics of representative traditional houses in each country were described. Based on this, we sampled four cafes for analysis from cities in each country with clear characteristics of traditional houses. Each cafe sample has something in common: a modern remodel of the traditional architectural style. As a result of quantitative extraction and comparative analysis of the colors from the cafe sample image to the interior components (walls, ceilings, floors, and windows) using the Natural Color System (NCS), the interior components as a whole adhered to the traditional form and structure. The YR series showed medium brightness and chromaticity below medium saturation. This is a similar result to traditional colors. However, in the case of China, the use of color was significantly reduced, and in the case of Japan, it was confirmed that the use of color was higher in terms of brightness and saturation than traditional colors, confirming that the three kingdoms were largely evolving similarly in their use of color. This is analyzed to be in line with the globalization trend of universal standards and individualization of application.

Qingdao Modern Church Contrast and Analyzing Based on Religious Influences Perspective: Examples from Qingdao Catholic Church and Qingdao Christian Church

Qingdao, as a city with a colonial history, has numerous architectures that combine traditional Chinese architectural style and Western architectural style. One of the most distinctive types of architecture is the church. Churches have significant mental support functions as well as their function as shelters. They are symbols of the city, and valuable for the city to present its architectural scene. This article wishes to state the backgrounds and history of Catholicism and Protestantism; compare the differences in external spaces, internal spaces, decorations, and volume of Qingdao catholic church and Qingdao Christian church to analyze the architectural differences based on different religious backgrounds; emphasize the characteristics and connotations for churches. Studying church architecture can reveal the creativity and technical proficiency of ancient architects and craftsmen. Church architecture encompasses knowledge and skills from various fields, including structural engineering, sculpture, painting, and decoration. Such research contributes to the advancement of architectural design and engineering technology. Church architecture is a reflection of human creativity and cultural traditions, and it holds significant importance for the study and preservation of cultural heritage.

Virtual Reality in Historic Urban District Renovation for Enhancing Social and Environmental Sustainability: A Case of Tangzixiang in Anhui

Virtual reality (VR) technology has attracted the attention of architectural practitioners due to its ability to allow people to interact with proposed design elements through unique and immersive experiences. This study aims at providing a bottom-up decision-making approach, using VR technology for inhabitant engagement in the design process of historic urban district renovation to preserve local culture, improve community interaction, and replace printed paper use for review. The study focuses on the Tangzixiang district in the Anhui province, providing Scheme 1 with a traditional architectural style and Scheme 2 with a modern architectural style for the renovation. The schemes are developed in a VR environment in both smooth movement mode and node-based movement mode. A total of 62 inhabitants and 10 architecture practitioners finished the VR experience, and the survey-based results indicate that VR quality can satisfy the requirements of practitioners in a professional review. In the inhabitants’ view, Scheme 1, with a traditional architectural style, is identified as being more effective in preserving local culture. The scheme is improved by the design studio after the survey, based on the questionnaire results and comments. Notably, 56 participants scored five, indicating their agreement with the notion that VR enhances their engagement in the design stage. The effectiveness of the VR technology in the bottom-up decision-making process has proven to offer inhabitants opportunities to participate. This study demonstrates how this level of immersive experience in VR environments has the potential to be applied in more projects, aiding clients in better understanding design intent and helping them make more informed decisions early in the design process.

A Study on the Differentiation of “Tatsuno Style” Architecture between China and Japan -- Taking Tokyo Railway Station and Shenyang Railway Station as Examples

Modern architecture in China developed late, through the stage of wholesale westernization and discovery of traditional architectural styles, and embarked on the road of returning to its own culture after a bumpy ride. Japan, which has gone through a similar process in the development of modern architecture. Japan developed its own architectural style first and absorbed other cultures while exporting its own culture to the Asian countries to complete the practice and refinement of the architectural style. The Fengtian Station and the Tokyo Railway Station were built during the same period of the Tatsuno style, and the similarities and differences in building materials and design details can reflect that the Japanese designers did not copy the Tatsuno style, but rather, combined the design of the site to design according to local conditions. Conducting research through literature review and comparative analysis of case studies. Exploring the development trajectories of architecture in China and Japan to provide a reference for the development of Chinese architecture.

The The Distortion In Libyan Architecture's Identity Between Its Past And Present

Architectural composition, as a stand-alone form, created a unity of urban identity, gathering in the whole and forming civilization through the ages. As well, buildings with the character of traditional architectural style may create a sense of belonging and belongingness that is distinctive and cannot be duplicated, as well as symbolizing people's identities. In addition, it is still significant that architectural identity plays a role in improving place identity, memory, and belonging. Architecture and place identity have become the central themes of architectural debates in Libya; their form and content are flawed and transformational due to social factors and policies. As a result, realizing these transformations and solving the problem of architectural identity is more important. In this working paper, a qualitative, broad review of Libyan city identity is presented. This article included examples of architecture in use throughout Libya to gain a thorough understanding of the turmoil that is relevant to the present and future identities of Libyan cities. As a conclusion, the article summarized some facts that could be considered from reviews of the heritage of local architecture as references and from general discussions about the current situation in order to develop the vision of building local identities.

Waterworld: The Use and Reuse of Lake Tadane in Safeguarding Knowledge and Sustaining the Cultural Heritage of the Nzulezo Community

Nzulezo, a tentative World Heritage Site listed in 2000 by UNESCO, is a community built on Lake Tadane in the Western Region of Ghana. Since its nomination, Nzulezo has become an attraction to both Ghanaians and foreigners alike. Over the years, the population has built dwellings and other structures to form the village over the lake, a way of adapting to an environment made up of about 70 per cent freshwater, about 20 per cent wetland, and 10 per cent land. Nzulezo stands out among heritage sites in Ghana due to its traditional architectural style. The village structures are made of wood and raffia. Located in a water-dominated environment, the community experiences changes in water levels that are predominantly seasonal. The water level is low from December to April during the dry season and high from June to August during the rainy season. In Nzulezo, the entire management of the site has been left to the Ghana Wildlife Society, a non-governmental organization (NGO). The focus of the management is tourism-driven, with less regard for the community members and the environment.

Difficulties and Causes Facing Chinese Minority Culture Communication: A Case Study of Dong Minority

In a contemporary globalized and rapidly developing society, the disappearance of the ethnic minority culture is a problem worth public attention. With technological advancements and a strengthening economy, the living standards of ethnic minority people in China are being increased. People are willing to embrace modern conveniences and get rid of some traditional customs that make their daily lives inconvenient. Since many ethnic minorities in China have assimilated into mainstream Han culture, the younger generation has less interest in preserving their cultural heritage. Currently, this is a huge issue in China. Ethnic minority culture is a rich, multifaceted aspect of Chinas heritage; it deserves to be protected, preserved, and passed on. This paper investigates the difficulties behind the spread of ethnic minority culture as well as the specific reasons behind them. After a field investigation of Dong culture, it is found that Dong culture mainly faces a dilemma in two aspects, namely the loss of Dong traditional architectural style and the loss of Dong songs and festivals.

Urban Architectural Style Recognition and Dataset Construction Method under Deep Learning of Street View Images: A Case Study of Wuhan

The visual quality and spatial distribution of architectural styles represent a city’s image, influence inhabitants’ living conditions, and may have positive or negative social consequences which are critical to urban sensing and designing. Conventional methods of identifying architectural styles rely on human labor and are frequently time-consuming, inefficient, and subjective in judgment. These issues significantly affect the large-scale management of urban architectural styles. Fortunately, deep learning models have robust feature expression abilities for images and have achieved highly competitive results in object detection in recent years. They provide a new approach to supporting traditional architectural style recognition. Therefore, this paper summarizes 22 architectural styles in a study area which could be used to define and describe urban architectural styles in most Chinese urban areas. Then, this paper introduced a Faster-RCNN general framework of architectural style classification with a VGG-16 backbone network, which is the first machine learning approach to identifying architectural styles in Chinese cities. Finally, this paper introduces an approach to constructing an urban architectural style dataset by mapping the identified architectural style through continuous street view imagery and vector map data from a top-down building contour map. The experimental results show that the architectural style dataset created had a precision of 57.8%, a recall rate of 80.91%, and an F1 score of 0.634. This dataset can, to a certain extent, reflect the geographical distribution characteristics of a wide variety of urban architectural styles. The proposed approach could support urban design to improve a city’s image.

Comparison analysis between the components of vernacular and modern architectures for sustainable housing in Niger State

Modern architecture has its roots in the vernacular type. Globally, every cultural group has its own form of vernacular architecture, though the approach may vary from region to region and also among the individuals. The traditional and modern architectural styles in Minna Niger State, Nigeria are examined in this paper since these styles possess distinct climatic, economic, and socio-cultural practices. A typical vernacular architecture was sited at Tudun Fulani Extension whereas a typical modern architecture was sited at GidanMatasa. The study examined the buildings in terms of physical features, thermal comfort and cost analysis. EnergyPlus, a simulation program, was used in this study to assess and forecast the thermal comfort. To affirm, local construction materials were used to meet the housing demands without harming the environment. The study outcomes found that the traditional housing units outperformed the modern ones by a wide margin. The findings of the study revealed the following features as part of vernacular architecture such as the presence of a courtyard, vegetation, connection to nature and construction using natural materials. On the other hand, the modern architecture does not have any courtyards, inadequate vegetation and isolation from the nature. It is also constructed using the imported building materials, although the modern architecture enables the windows to be of large size. The findings also disclose that the vernacular architecture provides more thermal comfort than the modern architecture since the latter has a heavy heating load density i.e., 9,571 (Watt). This value is 50 percent more than the peak heating load of the traditional architectural structure i.e., 2,109 (Watt). Finally, the study was able to ascertain the high-cost implication of the modern architecture compared to vernacular architecture. Furthermore, the study also proved that the vernacular housing units are much better than the modern ones in terms of thermal comfort, usage of cost-effective and natural materials and the building’s thermal properties. The researcher recommends that the components of both vernacular and modern architecture must be properly integrated for the development of the sustainable homes in Northern Nigeria.

Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Contemporary Architecture in Context to Sustainable Characteristics and its Construction Techniques: A Case of Kumaon Region

Abstract: This research focuses on the study of traditional architecture of Kumaon, and how it has changed over the period of time. Kumaon region in Uttarakhand shows great examples of traditional architecture which has proven to be the best earthresistant structures. The concept of science and earthquake-resistant structures were beyond the thought process of the people of that time. These traditional structures were cost effective, energy-efficient, provide thermal comfort for the longer period of day. The buildings of that time were locally constructed by the skilled person of the community using conventional materials like stone, mud, timber slates etc. With rapid urbanization, the need for rapid development has increased, transportation has improved, and the need for high rise structures has encouraged the use of modern materials such as concrete. However, society continues to demand better services, faster and easier construction to meet the needs of residents, resulting in serious damage to the fragile environment in and around settlements. To minimize the environmental impact of damage caused by modern technology, the use of indigenous practices needs to be revived. This research comprises of the comparison of traditional architectural style “Koti banal” which is rarely being used in many northern parts of Uttarakhand and current construction technique which is affecting the natural terrain of Kumaon resulting in natural calamities like landslide, soil erosion etc. The vernacular practices and patterns followed in conventional hill settlements have splendid capability to emerge as the premise for brand new improvement and system of suitable constructing policies for hill settlements.

Historic Urban Squares as Traffic Islands: A Case of Regal Chowk, Mall Road Lahore, Pakistan

The research article is an effort to identify the features which are responsible to fetch changes in the historic character of these public spaces. The core objective of this paper is to review the causes of the transformation from traditional to modernity to provide social,Economic and environmental benefits to the public. Historic urban squares are sitting rooms for communal activities and symbolize the community in which they are positioned. Urbanization in the form of Urban sprawl shattered the historic environment and these squares / chowks were ruined and malformed into traffic islands. Case study method has been used to study the selected area, Regal Chowk Mall Road Lahore. The current situation of Regal Chowk reflects the amazing blend of traditional and modern architectural styles due to the increased commercialization. Analyzing the constraints, conclusions has been drawn to develop a framework for planned interventions in the historic urban environment.

Sustainability Relationship Between Space Configuration, Activity Patterns, and Mosque Acoustics Quality

The Great Mosque of Yogyakarta was built in 1773. This mosque has a traditional architectural style. This study investigates the relationship between the mosque's architectural form, the activities inside it, and its acoustic characteristics. It employed quantitative and qualitative methods, including sound pressure level (SPL) measurement, reverberation time, and architectural and activity observations. Acoustic measurements, architectural observations, and activities are conducted inside and outside the mosque from morning to night for one week. The research finding is a spatial continuity pattern identified as the gradation of SPL value. Consistent continuity of SPL values in accordance with the nature of activities hierarchy. The result of this study is to improve mosque noise control by arranging outdoor and indoor spaces in a sustainable manner.

Assessing the Emotional Affordance of Brand Image and Foreign Image Based on a Physiological Method Using Examples from Dubai: Exploratory Study

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a country with few restrictions on architectural styles. The main aim of this paper was to investigate a group of participants’ unconscious emotional responses to images of traditional and modern architectural styles in the UAE. All images were from the city of Dubai, but participants were from elsewhere to avoid the influence of familiarity. A physiological method was used to measure the unconscious emotional responses to the images’ visual contexts, specifically the emotions of stress, engagement, interest, focus, excitement, and relaxation. Six architects working in the UAE were then interviewed for their interpretations of both the images themselves and the participants’ emotional responses. A sample of 29 male laypeople (aged 18–45) participated in this study, divided into locals from Al Ain city, locals from the northern emirates, and nonlocals. The results showed that the brand image provided observers with better emotional quality than the foreign image for local participants from Al Ain, and that nonlocal participants showed strong emotional responses to the traditional architecture, but the northern Emiratis remained neutral. The findings of this study contribute to emotion studies in the field of meaning in architecture. It also validates the effectiveness of a physiological method of investigating the emotional responses to architectural styles.

The Application of Genetic Algorithm in the Optimal Design of Landscape Space Environment

Garden landscape not only provides people with places of rest and entertainment, but also protects the natural environment and maintained ecological balance. Although the traditional garden architectural style could retain the classical landscape style, the modern garden facilities and conditions had been greatly improved, and people’s expectations for the construction level of garden landscape continued to improve. Therefore, the effect of traditional landscape design could no longer meet the requirements of social development. This article proposed an interactive genetic algorithm-based landscape space environment optimization design method, in order to provide a certain theoretical reference for landscape design. Firstly, by analyzing the relationship between landscape and buildings, the change in people’s demand for landscape space environment and the relevant characteristics of landscape, this article expounded on the basic principles and methods that landscape design should follow and gave the problems existing in landscape design. Secondly, the interactive genetic algorithm and its innovative design theory were summarized, and the optimization design method of garden landscape space environment based on interactive genetic algorithm was proposed. Finally, the evaluation index system of landscape spatial environment was constructed, and experimental analysis was carried out with a landscape design as a case. The results showed that compared with the traditional landscape design methods, the design scheme proposed in this article could achieve better evaluation results. The optimization design method of landscape space environment proposed in this article could provide some technical support and theoretical reference for landscape architecture and design.

Urban Landscape Design Based on Virtual Reality Technology

Different from the western classical stone buildings, China has formed the traditional architectural style with wood as the main body since ancient times. With the progress of the times and the collision between Chinese and western cultures, people put forward higher requirements for the current urban planning and landscape design, hoping that the future urban landscape design can follow the style of “Chinese and new.” Traditional urban landscape design usually adopts solid model, rendering renderings, or three-dimensional animation, but these methods all have some defects. With the development of computer technology and the rise of Internet industry, virtual reality technology appears, and because of its excellent multiperception, immersion, interactivity, and autonomy, it is gradually applied to medical, military, entertainment, virtual city, and other fields of human life. Urban landscape design based on virtual reality technology is an important technical way of urban landscape design at present. It can help designers to better perfect the design details, experience it personally in the design process, find the existing problems and defects in the current design in time, and improve the design efficiency. It can also assist urban planners to make corresponding decisions. However, due to the high cost and the shortage of technical personnel, it is only implemented in a small area at present. Take the virtual Los Angeles project in the United States as an example, which is a typical case of the application of virtual reality technology in urban planning and construction and successfully realizes the interactive function between users and virtual environment. With the continuous development and improvement of virtual reality technology, there are more and more corresponding talents, and this technology will be widely used in the future urban planning and construction, forming our own “middle and new” urban landscape style.

A Chinese ‘High-Tech Theme Park Full of Stories’: Exploring Fantawild Oriental Heritage

Among the Chinese companies that run the great majority of theme parks in China, Fantawild is the quickest-expanding one, with more than two dozen full-fledged theme parks and many in development. The newest of their three primary theme park models, Oriental Heritage, employs traditional Chinese cultural material and specifically Chinese folklore and legends for its attractions and shows. The park thus differentiates itself not only from Fangte's previous park models, Adventure and Dreamland, which have often been derivative of other, Western park themes and ride systems, but also from the glocalizing approaches of such Western companies as Disney or Universal. Combining Chinese stories and heritage with new and innovative ride systems, Oriental Heritage also differs markedly from the ‘ethnic culture parks’ whose performative open-air displays dominated the first boom phase of the theme park in China during the mid-1990s. With its traditional Chinese architectural style, Chinese intellectual property or cultural traditions, and technically ambitious ride systems, the ‘high-tech theme park full of stories’, as it refers to itself, marks the culmination of Fangte's brand evolution from the imitative Adventure and Dreamland models to the confidently Chinese Oriental Heritage concept, making Fangte a particularly interesting and potentially representative model of where the Chinese theme park industry could be headed.